Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless crystallin solid (est) |
Assay: | 97.00 to 100.00 %
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Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Boiling Point: | 214.00 to 216.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Vapor Pressure: | 0.032000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Flash Point: | 200.00 °F. TCC ( 93.33 °C. )
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logP (o/w): | 3.216 (est) |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 434.5 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | | water, 420 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
Organoleptic Properties:
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Odor Type: mentholic |
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Odor Strength: | medium , recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less |
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| cooling mentholic minty |
Odor Description: at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. | cooling mentholic minty |
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Flavor Type: mentholic |
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| cooling mentholic minty |
Taste Description:
| cooling mentholic minty |
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Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | Xi - Irritant |
R 37/38 - Irritating to respiratory system and skin. R 41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
maximum skin levels for fine fragrances: | | 0.0400 % and are based on the assumption that the fragrance mixture is used at 20% in a consumer product (IFRA Use Level Survey). (IFRA, 2004)
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Recommendation for (±)-menthol usage levels up to: | | 8.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
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use level in formulae for use in cosmetics: | | 0.2900 %
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Dermal Systemic Exposure in Cosmetic Products: | | 0.0074 mg/kg/day (IFRA, 2004)
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Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 130.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 35.00000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | 1100.00000 |
condiments / relishes: | - | - |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | 68.00000 |
fruit ices: | - | 68.00000 |
gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | - | 400.00000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | - |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
(IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
(IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
CHEBI: | View |
CHEMBL: | View |
KEGG (GenomeNet): | D04849 |
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB35765 |
FooDB: | FDB015462 |
Typical G.C. |
VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
ChemSpider: | View |
Wikipedia: | View |
Formulations/Preparations: •some synthetic menthols are not chemical individuals but...mixtures of various isomers...these are designated...l-menthol, dl-menthol, l-isomenthol, d-isomenthol, dl-isomenthol, l-neomenthol, d-neomenthol, l-neoisomenthol, d-neoisomenthol and dl-neoisomenthol.
•when mixed with about equal wt of camphor, chloral hydrate, phenol, or thymol, menthol forms "eutectic" mixt liquifying @ room temp.
•menthol, usp drug marketed under generic name.
•grades: technical; usp; fcc
•synthetic menthol is available as the optically active levo-menthol with a purity of 99.9%. synthetic menthol is also commercially available as the racemic mixture
•present in cigarettes and pipe tobacco (0.1-0.45%) shaving creams, pre- and aftershave lotions (0.2-0.3%); toothpastes (0.5%); mouthwashes (1-2%); chewing gums (0.5%); cough drops (0.1%); refreshing towels (1%); rubbing alcohol (1-1.2%); and shampoos (2-0.5%)
•mentholatum deep heating rub contains 5.9% menthol; mentholatum ointment, 1.35%; mentholatum deep heating lotion, 6%
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Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| dermoplast | | hexahydrothymol | 3-p- | menthanol | 3-para- | menthanol | dextro,laevo- | menthol | DL- | menthol | | menthol racemic | 5- | methyl-2-(1-methyl ethyl) cyclohexanol | 5- | methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol | 5- | methyl-2-isopropyl cyclohexanol | 5- | methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol | 2-iso | propyl-5-methyl cyclohexanol | | sarna |
Articles:
Info: | menthol |
PubMed: | Patterns of longitudinal transitions in menthol use among U.S. young adult smokers. |
PubMed: | Formulation development and evaluation of metformin chewing gum with bitter taste masking. |
PubMed: | Intramolecular hydrogen transfer reaction: menthon from isopulegol. |
PubMed: | Formulation, preparation, and evaluation of novel orally disintegrating tablets containing taste-masked naproxen sodium granules and naratriptan hydrochloride. |
PubMed: | The JFFMA assessment of flavoring substances structurally related to menthol and uniquely used in Japan. |
PubMed: | Pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic characterization of a novel sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone tablet formulation in healthy volunteers. |
PubMed: | Characterization of aroma compounds in Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and olfactometry (GC-O). |
PubMed: | Central mechanisms of menthol-induced analgesia. |
PubMed: | Flavored and nonflavored smokeless tobacco products: rate, pattern of use, and effects. |
PubMed: | [Effects of menthol as an additive in tobacco products and the need for regulation]. |
PubMed: | The toxic effects of cigarette additives. Philip Morris' project mix reconsidered: an analysis of documents released through litigation. |
PubMed: | Intake of dried bonito broth flavored with dextrin solution induced conditioned place preference in mice. |
PubMed: | Development of quality assessment method for optically active food flavor chemicals. |
PubMed: | Electrospun polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibers containing cyclodextrin inclusion complex. |
PubMed: | The health effects of menthol cigarettes as compared to non-menthol cigarettes. |
PubMed: | Influence of composition (CO2 and sugar) on aroma release and perception of mint-flavored carbonated beverages. |
PubMed: | Electrospinning of functional poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofibers containing cyclodextrin-menthol inclusion complexes. |
PubMed: | The menthol smoker: tobacco industry research on consumer sensory perception of menthol cigarettes and its role in smoking behavior. |
PubMed: | Do increases in cigarette prices lead to increases in sales of cigarettes with high tar and nicotine yields? |
PubMed: | Anticariogenic activity of macelignan isolated from Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) against Streptococcus mutans. |
PubMed: | [The role of four natures of medicine in acupoint sticking therapy]. |
PubMed: | Enzymatic synthesis of l-menthyl alpha-maltoside and l-menthyl alpha-maltooligosides from l-menthyl alpha-glucoside by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase. |
PubMed: | Chemesthesis and taste: evidence of independent processing of sensation intensity. |
PubMed: | Characterization of measured menthol in 48 U.S. cigarette sub-brands. |
PubMed: | Effect of harvest time and drying method on biomass production, essential oil yield, and quality of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.). |
PubMed: | Monoterpene metabolism. Cloning, expression, and characterization of menthone reductases from peppermint. |
PubMed: | The effect of solvent interactions on alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin/flavor molecular inclusion complexes. |
PubMed: | Extinguishing the rewarding value of smoke cues: pharmacological and behavioral treatments. |
PubMed: | Identification of monomenthyl succinate, monomenthyl glutarate, and dimenthyl glutarate in nature by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Flavor release and perception in hard candy: influence of flavor compound-flavor solvent interactions. |
PubMed: | Flavor release and perception in hard candy: influence of flavor compound-compound interactions. |
PubMed: | Application, function, and effects of menthol in cigarettes: a survey of tobacco industry documents. |
PubMed: | Crystal structure of amylose complexes with small ligands. |
PubMed: | Flavor release measurement by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry, construction of interface and mathematical modeling of release profiles. |
PubMed: | A SPME-GC procedure for monitoring peppermint flavor in tablets. |
PubMed: | Measurements by gas chromatography/pyrolysis/mass spectrometry: fundamental conditions in (2)H/(1)H isotope ratio analysis. |
PubMed: | Cyclodextrin encapsulation to prevent the loss of l-menthol and its retention during drying. |
PubMed: | Effect of sucrose on the perceived flavor intensity of chewing gum. |
PubMed: | Glass fiber contamination of cigarette filters: an additional health risk to the smoker? |
PubMed: | Variation in odor thresholds for l-carvone and cineole and correlations with suprathreshold intensity ratings. |
PubMed: | Metabolic fate of [3H]-l-menthol in the rat. |
PubMed: | The alcohol-deprivation effect in hybrid mice. |
PubMed: | The use of flavor in cigarette substitutes. |
PubMed: | Comparative genotoxicity testing of mainstream whole smoke from cigarettes which burn or heat tobacco. |
PubMed: | The lingering question of menthol in cigarettes. |
PubMed: | Natural Control of Corn Postharvest Fungi Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium sp. Using Essential Oils from Plants Grown in Argentina. |
PubMed: | The Governor has a sweet tooth - Mouth sensing of nutrients to enhance sports performance. |
PubMed: | Acaricidal activity of constituents derived from peppermint oil against Tyrophagus putrescentiae. |
PubMed: | The tobacco endgame: It's all about behavior. |
PubMed: | Comparison of Soxhlet, Accelerated Solvent and Supercritical Fluid Extraction Techniques for Volatile (GC-MS and GC/FID) and Phenolic Compounds (HPLC-ESI/MS/MS) from Lamiaceae Species. |
PubMed: | Tobacco Products Sold by Internet Vendors Following Restrictions on Flavors and "Light" Descriptors. |
PubMed: | Mentha piperita essential oil induces apoptosis in yeast associated with both cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS-mediated damage. |
PubMed: | Switching between menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes: findings from the u.s. Cohort of the international tobacco control four country survey. |
PubMed: | Seasonal variability of the main components in essential oil of Mentha × piperita L. |
PubMed: | Public opinion about FDA regulation of menthol and nicotine. |
PubMed: | A rationale to design longer lasting mosquito repellents. |
PubMed: | Antifungal efficacy of thymol, carvacrol, eugenol and menthol as alternative agents to control the growth of food-relevant fungi. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial activity of natural Respitol-B and its main components against poultry microorganisms. |
PubMed: | Biocontrol potential of essential oil monoterpenes against housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). |
PubMed: | Choice alters Drosophila oviposition site preference on menthol. |
PubMed: | The JFFMA assessment of flavoring substances structurally related to menthol and uniquely used in Japan. |
PubMed: | Smoking, menthol cigarettes and all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular mortality: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and a meta-analysis. |
PubMed: | Isoxazole derivatives as potent transient receptor potential melastatin type 8 (TRPM8) agonists. |
PubMed: | How do international trade obligations affect policy options for obesity prevention? Lessons from recent developments in trade and tobacco control. |
PubMed: | Nutritional and sensory quality during refrigerated storage of fresh-cut mints (Mentha×piperita and M. spicata). |
PubMed: | Nematicidal activity of mint aqueous extracts against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. |
PubMed: | Differential trends in cigarette smoking in the USA: is menthol slowing progress? |
PubMed: | FDA might consider restrictions on menthol cigarettes. |
PubMed: | A novel animal model of dysphagia following stroke. |
PubMed: | Thermal taste and anti-aspiration drugs: a novel drug discovery against pneumonia. |
PubMed: | The role of trigeminal nasal TRPM8-expressing afferent neurons in the antitussive effects of menthol. |
PubMed: | Effect of gibberellic acid and calliterpenone on plant growth attributes, trichomes, essential oil biosynthesis and pathway gene expression in differential manner in Mentha arvensis L. |
PubMed: | [GC-MS study on fingerprint of volatile oil from Kadsura heteroclita]. |
PubMed: | The effect of menthol on cigarette smoking behaviors, biomarkers and subjective responses. |
PubMed: | Comparison of Temperature and Additives Affecting the Stability of the Probiotic Weissella cibaria. |
PubMed: | Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of the Essential Oil of Mentha piperita L. |
PubMed: | Race moderates the effect of menthol cigarette use on short-term smoking abstinence. |
PubMed: | The greater effectiveness of Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in improving productivity, oil content and tolerance of salt-stressed menthol mint (Mentha arvensis). |
PubMed: | Retention of aroma compounds from Mentha piperita essential oil by cyclodextrins and crosslinked cyclodextrin polymers. |
PubMed: | Menthol toxicity: an unusual cause of coma. |
PubMed: | Anti-yeast activity of mentha oil and vapours through in vitro and in vivo (real fruit juices) assays. |
PubMed: | [Therapeutic approach targeting TRP channels and development of anti-aspiration drugs]. |
PubMed: | The distribution of transient receptor potential melastatin-8 in the rat soft palate, epiglottis, and pharynx. |
PubMed: | Cessation outcomes among treatment-seeking menthol and nonmenthol smokers. |
PubMed: | NNAL exposure by race and menthol cigarette use among U.S. smokers. |
PubMed: | What happens if people start drinking mouthwash as surrogate alcohol? A quantitative risk assessment. |
PubMed: | Response to "menthol cigarettes and lung cancer mortality". |
PubMed: | Characterization of aroma compounds in Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and olfactometry (GC-O). |
PubMed: | A ban on menthol cigarettes: impact on public opinion and smokers' intention to quit. |
PubMed: | Irradiation depolymerized guar gum as partial replacement of gum Arabic for microencapsulation of mint oil. |
PubMed: | Inhibition of morphine glucuronidation in the liver microsomes of rats and humans by monoterpenoid alcohols. |
PubMed: | Menthol use among smokers with psychological distress: findings from the 2008 and 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. |
PubMed: | Antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Lavandula and Mentha essential oils in minced beef inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus during storage at abuse refrigeration temperature. |
PubMed: | The relationship of neighborhood demographic characteristics to point-of-sale tobacco advertising and marketing. |
PubMed: | Flavored and nonflavored smokeless tobacco products: rate, pattern of use, and effects. |
PubMed: | Identification of aroma-active compounds in Jiashi muskmelon juice by GC-O-MS and OAV calculation. |
PubMed: | What would menthol smokers do if menthol in cigarettes were banned? Behavioral intentions and simulated demand. |
PubMed: | Menthol inhibits the proliferation and motility of prostate cancer DU145 cells. |
PubMed: | Mentholated cigarettes and smoking-related cancers revisited: an ecologic examination. |
PubMed: | Comparative GC/MS analysis of essential oils extracted by 3 methods from the bud of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. |
PubMed: | Intake of dried bonito broth flavored with dextrin solution induced conditioned place preference in mice. |
PubMed: | Stimulating oral and nasal chemoreceptors for preventing aspiration pneumonia in the elderly. |
PubMed: | Research opportunities concerning youth and the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. |
PubMed: | Smoking-cessation prevalence among U.S. smokers of menthol versus non-menthol cigarettes. |
PubMed: | Therapeutic options for acute cough due to upper respiratory infections in children. |
PubMed: | Development of quality assessment method for optically active food flavor chemicals. |
PubMed: | The health effects of menthol cigarettes as compared to non-menthol cigarettes. |
PubMed: | Menthol cigarettes and smoking cessation behavior. |
PubMed: | Menthol cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence. |
PubMed: | Menthol and initiation of cigarette smoking. |
PubMed: | Sensory properties of menthol and smoking topography. |
PubMed: | Marketing of menthol cigarettes and consumer perceptions. |
PubMed: | US attitudes about banning menthol in cigarettes: results from a nationally representative survey. |
PubMed: | The threat of menthol cigarettes to U.S. public health. |
PubMed: | A lost opportunity for public health--the FDA advisory committee report on menthol. |
PubMed: | Menthol sensory qualities and smoking topography: a review of tobacco industry documents. |
PubMed: | Menthol cigarettes and smoking initiation: a tobacco industry perspective. |
PubMed: | FDA finding may curb mentholated cigarette availability. |
PubMed: | Lung cancer risk among smokers of menthol cigarettes. |
PubMed: | Comparison of serum cotinine concentration within and across smokers of menthol and nonmenthol cigarette brands among non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white U.S. adult smokers, 2001-2006. |
PubMed: | Toxicity of Schizonpeta multifida essential oil and its constituent compounds towards two grain storage insects. |
PubMed: | Tobacco firms move to stop FDA banning menthol cigarettes. |
PubMed: | Sensory stimulation to improve swallowing reflex and prevent aspiration pneumonia in elderly dysphagic people. |
PubMed: | Menthol cigarettes: moving toward a broader definition of harm. |
PubMed: | Hemisynthesis of dihydroumbellulols from umbellulone: new cooling compounds. |
PubMed: | Oral epithelial cells are activated via TRP channels. |
PubMed: | Menthol and non-menthol smoking: the impact of prices and smoke-free air laws. |
PubMed: | Composition and antimicrobial activities of Lippia multiflora Moldenke, Mentha x piperita L. and Ocimum basilicum L. essential oils and their major monoterpene alcohols alone and in combination. |
PubMed: | Yield, content, and composition of peppermint and spearmints as a function of harvesting time and drying. |
PubMed: | TRPM8 mediates cold and menthol allergies associated with mast cell activation. |
PubMed: | Seasonal variation in content, chemical composition and antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of essential oils from four Mentha species. |
PubMed: | Relation between developmental stage, sensory properties, and volatile content of organically and conventionally grown pac choi (Brassica rapa var. Mei Qing Choi). |
PubMed: | Ultraviolet-B and photosynthetically active radiation interactively affect yield and pattern of monoterpenes in leaves of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.). |
PubMed: | Efficacy and safety profile of a topical methyl salicylate and menthol patch in adult patients with mild to moderate muscle strain: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. |
PubMed: | Menthol and non-menthol cigarette use among Black smokers in Southern California. |
PubMed: | A review and assessment of menthol employed as a cigarette flavoring ingredient. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of certain food additives. |
PubMed: | Levels of mint and wintergreen flavorants: smokeless tobacco products vs. confectionery products. |
PubMed: | Probable warfarin interaction with menthol cough drops. |
PubMed: | FDA exercises new authority to regulate tobacco products, but some limits remain. |
PubMed: | The effects of swilling an L(-)-menthol solution during exercise in the heat. |
PubMed: | Influence of composition (CO2 and sugar) on aroma release and perception of mint-flavored carbonated beverages. |
PubMed: | Intragastric administration of TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPM8, and TRPA1 agonists modulates autonomic thermoregulation in different manners in mice. |
PubMed: | Surfactants, aromatic and isoprenoid compounds, and fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors suppress Staphylococcus aureus production of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species and their antifungal activities. |
PubMed: | Repellency of an over-the-counter essential oil product in China against workers of red imported fire ants. |
PubMed: | Antioxidant property of volatile oils determined by the ferric reducing ability. |
PubMed: | Fragrance material review on l-menthol. |
PubMed: | Fragrance material review on 4-carvomenthenol. |
PubMed: | Fragrance material review on d-menthol. |
PubMed: | Fragrance material review on d,l-menthol. |
PubMed: | Fragrance material review on menthol racemic. |
PubMed: | Fragrance material review on menthol. |
PubMed: | Fragrance material review on geranodyle. |
PubMed: | The monoterpenoids citral and geraniol are moderate inhibitors of CYP2B6 hydroxylase activity. |
PubMed: | Differential transfer of dietary flavour compounds into human breast milk. |
PubMed: | Oral lichenoid lesions and allergy to dental materials. |
PubMed: | pH memory of immobilized lipase for (+/-)-menthol resolution in ionic liquid. |
PubMed: | Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli mutants exhibiting altered response to thymol. |
PubMed: | Screening of antibacterial activities of twenty-one oxygenated monoterpenes. |
PubMed: | Modulation of oral heat and cold pain by irritant chemicals. |
PubMed: | Enhancing antioxidant, antiproliferation, and free radical scavenging activities in strawberries with essential oils. |
PubMed: | The effects of foods, beverages, and other factors on cigarette palatability. |
PubMed: | Dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis drug products containing coal tar and menthol for over-the-counter human use; amendment to the monograph. Final rule. |
PubMed: | Assessment of sensitization potential of monoterpenes using the rat popliteal lymph node assay. |
PubMed: | Rhinitis because of toothpaste and other menthol-containing products. |
PubMed: | Comparison of three lychee cultivar odor profiles using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-sulfur detection. |
PubMed: | TRPM8-independent menthol-induced Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. |
PubMed: | Possible effects on smokers of cigarette mentholation: a review of the evidence relating to key research questions. |
PubMed: | Use of Rhodotorula minuta live cells hosted in water-in-oil macroemulsion for biotrasformation reaction. |
PubMed: | Volatile monoterpenes in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) juice: effects of heating and enzymatic treatment by beta-glucosidase. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of residues of essential oil components in honey after different anti-varroa treatments. |
PubMed: | Alpha-anomer-selective glucosylation of menthol with high yield through a crystal accumulation reaction using lyophilized cells of Xanthomonas campestris WU-9701. |
PubMed: | Effects of antimicrobial components of essential oils on growth of Bacillus cereus INRA L2104 in and the sensory qualities of carrot broth. |
PubMed: | Improvement of table grapes quality and safety by the combination of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and eugenol, menthol, or thymol. |
PubMed: | Effect of harvest time and drying method on biomass production, essential oil yield, and quality of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.). |
PubMed: | The effect of solvent interactions on alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin/flavor molecular inclusion complexes. |
PubMed: | Biofilm in water pipelines; a potential source for off-flavours in the drinking water. |
PubMed: | Flavor release and perception in hard candy: influence of flavor compound-compound interactions. |
PubMed: | In vivo studies on the metabolism of the monoterpene pulegone in humans using the metabolism of ingestion-correlated amounts (MICA) approach: explanation for the toxicity differences between (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-pulegone. |
PubMed: | Antifungal activity of peppermint and sweet basil essential oils and their major aroma constituents on some plant pathogenic fungi from the vapor phase. |
PubMed: | In vitro antagonistic activity of monoterpenes and their mixtures against 'toe nail fungus' pathogens. |
PubMed: | Common herbs, essential oils, and monoterpenes potently modulate bone metabolism. |
PubMed: | Lytic activity of l-menthol derivatives against the snow blight disease fungus, Micronectriella nivalis. |
PubMed: | Simulated microgravity [bed rest] has little influence on taste, odor or trigeminal sensitivity. |
PubMed: | Enzymatic synthesis of aroma compound xylosides using transfer reaction by Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase. |
PubMed: | Characterization of essential oils from lamiaceae species by fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. |
PubMed: | Phytochemical induction by herbivores could affect quality of essential oils from aromatic plants. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial screening of Mentha piperita essential oils. |
PubMed: | The phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol is essential for action against the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. |
PubMed: | Essential oil composition of sachalinmint from Norway detected by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. |
PubMed: | Factors affecting the resolution of dl-menthol by immobilized lipase-catalyzed esterification in organic solvent. |
PubMed: | Systematic studies on structure and physiological activity of cyclic alpha-keto enamines, a novel class of "cooling" compounds. |
PubMed: | Fullerene modified supported lipid membrane as sensitive element of sensor for odorants. |
PubMed: | Efficacy of essential oils of Caesulia axillaris and Mentha arvensis against some storage pests causing biodeterioration of food commodities. |
PubMed: | 1,8-cineol, a food flavoring agent, prevents ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. |
PubMed: | Genetic and biochemical characterization of a novel monoterpene epsilon-lactone hydrolase from Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14. |
PubMed: | Floral Origin Markers of Chestnut and Lime Tree Honeys. |
PubMed: | Xanthobacter sp. C20 contains a novel bioconversion pathway for limonene. |
PubMed: | Suppression of the furylfuramide-induced SOS response by monoterpenoids with a p-menthane skeleton using the Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 Umu test. |
PubMed: | Cold, cough, allergy, bronchodilator, and antiasthmatic drug products for over-the-counter human use; amendment of final monograph for OTC antitussive drug products. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Final rule. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of certain food additives. Fifty-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. |
PubMed: | Purification and characterization of a Baeyer-Villiger mono-oxygenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 involved in three different monocyclic monoterpene degradation pathways. |
PubMed: | Biotransformation of (+)- and (-)-menthol by the larvae of common cutworm (Spodoptera litura). |
PubMed: | Monoterpene composition of essential oil from peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) with regard to leaf position using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. |
PubMed: | Biogenetic studies in Mentha x piperita. 2. Stereoselectivity in the bioconversion of pulegone into menthone and isomenthone. |
PubMed: | Effect of sucrose on the perceived flavor intensity of chewing gum. |
PubMed: | Biosynthesis of menthofuran in Mentha x piperita: stereoselective and mechanistic studies. |
PubMed: | Enantiomeric purity and odor characteristics of 2- and 3-acetoxy-1, 8-cineoles in the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga willd. |
PubMed: | Disposition kinetics and effects of menthol. |
PubMed: | The generalizability of capsaicin sensitization and desensitization. |
PubMed: | Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 contains a novel degradation pathway for limonene. |
PubMed: | Mutagenicity testing (+/-)-camphor, 1,8-cineole, citral, citronellal, (-)-menthol and terpineol with the Salmonella/microsome assay. |
PubMed: | Lack of histological cerebellar changes in Wistar rats given pulegone for 28 days. Comparison of immersion and perfusion tissue fixation. |
PubMed: | 13-week inhalation toxicity study of menthol cigarette smoke. |
PubMed: | Estimation of menthol in Pan Masala samples by a spectrophotometric method. |
PubMed: | Validation of the assay method for camphor and menthol in a herbal drug preparation. |
PubMed: | Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method to characterise the transfer of dietary odorous compounds into plasma and milk. |
PubMed: | Sensitization and desensitization to capsaicin and menthol in the oral cavity: interactions and individual differences. |
PubMed: | Contact sensitivity to food additives can cause oral and perioral symptoms. |
PubMed: | Cloning and expression of a rat liver phenobarbital-inducible UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (2B12) with specificity for monoterpenoid alcohols. |
PubMed: | Variation in odor thresholds for l-carvone and cineole and correlations with suprathreshold intensity ratings. |
PubMed: | Prevalence of food allergy and intolerance in the adult Dutch population. |
PubMed: | Determination of menthol in honey by gas chromatography. |
PubMed: | Antibacterial activity of essential oil components. |
PubMed: | Halothane and eucalyptol as alternatives to chloroform for softening gutta-percha. |
PubMed: | Effects of drug metabolism modifiers on pulegone-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. |
PubMed: | Capsaicin and its effects on olfaction and trigeminal chemoreception. |
PubMed: | Chewing-gum preservative induced toxidermic vasculitis. |
PubMed: | Preparative resolution of D,L-threonine catalyzed by immobilized phosphatase. |
PubMed: | Effect of a proprietary rubefacient "Tiger Balm" on rabbit skin. |
PubMed: | Monographs on fragrance raw materials. |
PubMed: | [Psychotropic action of some aromatic substances used in food]. |
PubMed: | Palindromic rheumatism: a request. |
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