Category: sweeteners, flavor enhancers
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | white crystalline powder (est) |
Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 %
|
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Melting Point: | 153.00 to 154.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
Boiling Point: | 333.00 to 334.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
|
Flash Point: | 312.00 °F. TCC ( 155.30 °C. ) (est)
|
logP (o/w): | -2.116 (est) |
Soluble in: |
| water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
|
Odor Type: odorless |
|
Odor Strength: | none |
|
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | odorless |
|
|
Flavor Type: sweet |
|
| sweet |
Taste Description:
| sweet |
|
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
|
|
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
|
Hazards identification |
|
Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
|
Pictogram | |
|
Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
Not determined
|
Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
|
Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
Category: | sweeteners, flavor enhancers |
Recommendation for dextro,laevo-xylose usage levels up to: | | not for fragrance use.
|
|
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
|
For Odor |
alcoholic |
alcoholic |
| fusel oil | FL/FR |
animal |
| methyl (E)-2-octenoate | FL/FR |
anise |
star | anise seed oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
anisic |
para- | acetanisole | FL/FR |
| ethyl para-anisate | FL/FR |
balsamic |
| benzyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
dextro- | fenchone | FL/FR |
| guaiacyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| hexyl benzoate | FL/FR |
bready |
| furfural | FL/FR |
buttery |
| acetoin | FL/FR |
| caramel furanone solution | FL/FR |
| caramel pentadione | FL/FR |
| coffee dione | FL/FR |
| cyclotene | FL/FR |
| cyclotene hydrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cyclopentenolone | FL/FR |
| ethyl furaneol | FL/FR |
| ethyl maltol | FL/FR |
| levulinic acid | FL/FR |
| maltol | FL/FR |
| maltyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| maltyl propionate | FL/FR |
| maple furanone | FL/FR |
5- | methyl furfural | FL/FR |
| shoyu furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone acetate | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone solution | FL/FR |
cheesy |
iso | valeric acid | FL/FR |
chemical |
iso | butyl formate | FL/FR |
| propyl propionate | FL/FR |
chocolate |
iso | amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| cocoa pentenal | FL/FR |
citrus |
2- | ethyl-1-hexanol | FL/FR |
| lime essence oil | FL/FR |
dextro- | limonene | FL/FR |
alpha- | terpinyl methyl ether | FL/FR |
delta- | octalactone | FL/FR |
creamy |
3- | heptyl dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | FL/FR |
para- | vanillic acid | FL/FR |
para- | vanillyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| veratraldehyde | FL/FR |
dry |
3,4- | xylenol | FL/FR |
earthy |
| methyl 3-hexenoate | FL/FR |
ethereal |
| ethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl formate | FL/FR |
| ethyl pyruvate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl formate | FL/FR |
fatty |
(E)-2- | octenal | FL/FR |
(E,Z,Z)-2,4,7- | tridecatrienal | FL/FR |
floral |
| acetophenone | FL/FR |
| benzyl acetate | FL/FR |
| benzyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| geranyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl salicylate | FL/FR |
alpha- | hexyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| hexyl lactate | FL/FR |
| hydroxycitronellal | FL/FR |
| hydroxycitronellol | FL/FR |
alpha- | ionol | FL/FR |
para- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
beta- | naphthyl methyl ketone | FL/FR |
| nonanol | FL/FR |
| phenethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| phenethyl propionate | FL/FR |
4- | phenyl-3-buten-2-ol | FL/FR |
iso | propyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| rhodinyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) russia | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) turkey | FL/FR |
| terpinyl valerate | FL/FR |
| tuberose absolute (from pommade) | FL/FR |
fruity |
| allyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl 2-butenoate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| butyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-(2-furyl) propanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hexenoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl benzoyl acetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| ethyl lactate | FL/FR |
| ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate | FL/FR |
| ethyl propionate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | ethyl sorbate | FL/FR |
| ethyl valerate | FL/FR |
2- | hexen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| hexyl acetate | FL/FR |
| linalyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| menthyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| methyl 3-nonenoate | FL/FR |
| methyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl butyl acetate | FL/FR |
| methyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
| methyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| methyl valerate | FL/FR |
| neryl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| octyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| octyl propionate | FL/FR |
2- | pentanone | FL/FR |
| pineapple hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
| prenyl acetate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| propyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| propyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
| propyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| propyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| strawberry glycidate 2 | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate | FL/FR |
para- | tolualdehyde | FL/FR |
| tolualdehydes (mixed o,m,p) | FL/FR |
| tropical ionone | FL/FR |
| vanilla carboxylate | FL/FR |
green |
| cucumber essence | FL/FR |
(Z)-4- | hepten-1-ol | FL/FR |
| hexyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| hexyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
(E,Z)-3,6- | nonadien-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| phenethyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| terpinyl propionate | FL/FR |
herbal |
| anethum graveolens herb tincture | FL/FR |
| clary sage absolute | FL/FR |
| linalyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| linalyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| lovage tincture | FL/FR |
| perillaldehyde | FL/FR |
3- | propylidene phthalide | FL/FR |
honey |
| methyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| propyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
licorice |
(E)- | anethol | FL/FR |
medicinal |
2,6- | xylenol | FL/FR |
minty |
| ethyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| methyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| peppermint oil america | FL/FR |
| peppermint oil idaho | FL/FR |
musk |
| ethylene brassylate | FL/FR |
musty |
ketoiso | phorone | FL/FR |
iso | butyl angelate | FL/FR |
4- | ethyl guaiacol | FL/FR |
iso | eugenol | FL/FR |
| eugenol | FL/FR |
iso | eugenyl acetate | FL/FR |
iso | eugenyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
para- | methoxycinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
alpha- | methyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| methyl heptadienone | FL/FR |
alpha- | methyl-(E)-cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
(E)- | propyl 2-furan acrylate | FL/FR |
(E)- | tiglic acid | FL/FR |
| vanilla bean absolute (vanilla spp.) | FL/FR |
| vanilla oleoresin bali | FL/FR |
| vanilla resinoid | FL/FR |
| vanilla tahitensis fruit extract | FL/FR |
tonka |
| mint lactone | FL/FR |
| octahydrocoumarin | FL/FR |
tropical |
| genet absolute | FL/FR |
| ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| ethyl vanillin propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| propenyl guaethol | FL/FR |
| vanilla aromatica fruit extract | FL/FR |
| vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia) | FL/FR |
| vanilla oleoresin bourbon | FL/FR |
| vanillin | FL/FR |
| vanillin propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| vanillyl acetate | FL/FR |
| vanillyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| vanillylidene acetone | FL/FR |
waxy |
| ethyl decanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl myristate | FL/FR |
| ethyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| nonanoic acid | FL/FR |
1- | undecanol | FL/FR |
woody |
2- | methoxy-4-vinyl phenol | FL/FR |
|
For Flavor |
|
acidic |
(E)-2- | hexenoic acid | FL |
| levulinic acid | FL/FR |
aldehydic |
1- | undecanol | FL/FR |
anise |
(E)- | anethol | FL/FR |
star | anise seed oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| ethyl para-anisate | FL/FR |
anisic |
para- | acetanisole | FL/FR |
balsamic |
| benzyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| vanillylidene acetone | FL/FR |
berry |
| heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
bitter |
(E,Z,Z)-2,4,7- | tridecatrienal | FL/FR |
brown |
| furfural | FL/FR |
5- | methyl furfural | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate | FL/FR |
(E)- | tiglic acid | FL/FR |
burnt |
| furfuryl alcohol | FL |
2,6- | xylenol | FL/FR |
caramellic |
| caramel dione | FL |
| caramel furanone | FL |
| caramel furanone solution | FL/FR |
| caramel pentadione | FL/FR |
| cyclotene | FL/FR |
| cyclotene hydrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl furaneol | FL/FR |
| ethyl maltol | FL/FR |
| lucuma flavor | FL |
| maltol | FL/FR |
| maltyl propionate | FL/FR |
| maple distillates | FL |
| maple furanone | FL/FR |
3- | methyl butyl 2-furyl butyrate | FL |
| pyruvaldehyde | FL |
| shoyu furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone acetate | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone solution | FL/FR |
cheesy |
| ammonium isovalerate 30% in pg | FL |
iso | valeric acid | FL/FR |
cherry |
para- | methoxycinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
chocolate |
bittersweet | chocolate flavor | FL |
citrus |
| lime essence oil | FL/FR |
dextro- | limonene | FL/FR |
ketoiso | phorone | FL/FR |
coconut |
| massoia bark oil CO2 extract | FL |
| octahydrocoumarin | FL/FR |
delta- | octalactone | FL/FR |
coffee |
| coffee dione | FL/FR |
cooling |
dextro- | fenchone | FL/FR |
| peppermint oil america | FL/FR |
creamy |
| acetoin | FL/FR |
| divanillin | FL |
para- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
| mint lactone | FL/FR |
para- | vanillic acid | FL/FR |
para- | vanillyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| veratraldehyde | FL/FR |
estery |
| octyl propionate | FL/FR |
ethereal |
| ethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl formate | FL/FR |
| methyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
fatty |
2- | ethyl-1-hexanol | FL/FR |
| nonanoic acid | FL/FR |
2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | octenal | FL/FR |
floral |
2- | acetyl-5-methyl thiophene | FL |
iso | amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| cocoa pentenal | FL/FR |
| geranyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| linalyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| methyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
beta- | naphthyl methyl ketone | FL/FR |
| phenethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| phenethyl propionate | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) russia | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) turkey | FL/FR |
| tropical ionone | FL/FR |
| tuberose absolute (from pommade) | FL/FR |
fruity |
| allyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| benzyl acetate | FL/FR |
| benzyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| butyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | decenoic acid | FL |
| ethyl 3-(2-furyl) propanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hexenoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-oxohexanoate | FL |
| ethyl benzoyl acetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| ethyl lactate | FL/FR |
| ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate | FL/FR |
| ethyl propionate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | ethyl sorbate | FL/FR |
| ethyl valerate | FL/FR |
| furfuryl valerate | FL |
2- | furyl pentyl ketone | FL |
| fusel oil | FL/FR |
3- | heptyl dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | FL/FR |
2- | hexen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| hexyl acetate | FL/FR |
| hexyl lactate | FL/FR |
| hexyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| linalyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| linalyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| menthyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| methyl (E)-2-octenoate | FL/FR |
| methyl (E)-3-nonenoate | FL |
| methyl 3-hexenoate | FL/FR |
| methyl 3-nonenoate | FL/FR |
| methyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl butyl acetate | FL/FR |
| methyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | methyl sorbate | FL |
| methyl valerate | FL/FR |
| neryl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
2- | pentanone | FL/FR |
| pineapple hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
| prenyl acetate | FL/FR |
(E)- | propyl 2-furan acrylate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| propyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl formate | FL/FR |
| propyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| propyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| strawberry glycidate 2 | FL/FR |
| terpinyl valerate | FL/FR |
| tolualdehydes (mixed o,m,p) | FL/FR |
| vanilla carboxylate | FL/FR |
green |
| anethum graveolens herb tincture | FL/FR |
iso | butyl 2-butenoate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl angelate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| cucumber essence | FL/FR |
2- | ethyl butyraldehyde | FL |
(Z)-4- | hepten-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | heptenal | FL |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl salicylate | FL/FR |
| hexyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| hexyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| methyl heptadienone | FL/FR |
(E,Z)-3,6- | nonadien-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
| phenethyl tiglate | FL/FR |
3- | propylidene phthalide | FL/FR |
| terpinyl propionate | FL/FR |
hay |
| genet absolute | FL/FR |
herbal |
| clary sage absolute | FL/FR |
| lovage tincture | FL/FR |
honey |
| ethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
dehydrated and ground | honey | FL |
| honey flavor | FL |
iso | propyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| propyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
jammy |
| ethyl cyclopentenolone | FL/FR |
| maltyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
medicinal |
| ethyl benzoate | FL/FR |
minty |
| ethyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| methyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| peppermint oil idaho | FL/FR |
molasses |
| molasses blackstrap | FL |
mushroom |
| methional diethyl acetal | FL |
musk |
| ethylene brassylate | FL/FR |
phenolic |
| guaiacyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
potato |
sweet | potato flavor | FL |
powdery |
| acetophenone | FL/FR |
| hydroxycitronellol | FL/FR |
praline |
| praline flavor | FL |
rummy |
iso | butyl formate | FL/FR |
| ethyl pyruvate | FL/FR |
salty |
1-(2- | hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)propan-1-one | FL |
smoky |
2- | methoxy-4-vinyl phenol | FL/FR |
3,4- | xylenol | FL/FR |
spicy |
iso | eugenol | FL/FR |
| eugenol | FL/FR |
iso | eugenyl acetate | FL/FR |
iso | eugenyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
alpha- | methyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
alpha- | methyl-(E)-cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| perillaldehyde | FL/FR |
para- | tolualdehyde | FL/FR |
sulfurous |
S- | ethyl thioacetate | FL |
sweet |
| acesulfame potassium | FL |
| acetone alcohol | FL |
| advantame | FL |
| agave flavor | FL |
| alitame anhydrous | FL |
| aspartame | FL |
| aspartame-acesulfame salt | FL |
| corn syrup high fructose | FL |
| corn syrups | FL |
| dextrose monohydrate | FL |
3',7- | dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavan | FL |
| ethyl 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propionate | FL |
| glucosyl steviol glycosides | FL |
| glycyrrhizic acid | FL |
| honey enhancer | FL |
| levulose | FL |
| luo han fruit concentrate | FL |
| maltitol | FL |
| maltose | FL |
iso | maltulose | FL |
| molasses | FL |
| molasses concentrate | FL |
| molasses distillates | FL |
| molasses flavor | FL |
laevo- | ornithine hydrochloride | FL |
| rebaudioside C | FL |
| rebaudioside C 30% | FL |
glucosylated | rubus suavissimus extract, 60% glucosylated rubusoside glycosides | FL |
| sodium 2-(4-methoxyphenoxy) propionate | FL |
dextro- | sorbitol | FL |
| stevia rebaudiana extract, rebaudioside A 22% | FL |
| stevia rebaudiana extract, rebaudioside A 60% | FL |
| stevia rebaudiana extract, rebaudioside A 80% | FL |
| steviol | FL |
| steviol glycoside extract, rebaudioside C 22% | FL |
enzyme modified | steviol glycosides | FL |
| stevioside | FL |
| sucralose | FL |
| sugar | FL |
maple | sugar | FL |
| sugar cane distillate | FL |
| sugar extenders | FL |
| sugar flavor | FL |
burnt | sugar flavor | FL |
brown | sugar flavor | FL |
| sugar replacers | FL |
| sweet & sour candy flavor | FL |
| sweet flavor | FL |
| thaumatin b-recombinant | FL |
| vanilla bean absolute (vanilla spp.) | FL/FR |
| vanilla concentrate | FL |
| vanilla oleoresin bali | FL/FR |
| vanilla resinoid | FL/FR |
| vanilla tahitensis fruit extract | FL/FR |
tropical |
| propyl propionate | FL/FR |
vanilla |
| ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| ethyl vanillin propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| propenyl guaethol | FL/FR |
| vanilla aromatica fruit extract | FL/FR |
| vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia) | FL/FR |
| vanilla oleoresin bourbon | FL/FR |
| vanillin | FL/FR |
| vanillin propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| vanillyl acetate | FL/FR |
| vanillyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
vegetable |
| tyramine | FL |
waxy |
| ethyl decanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl myristate | FL/FR |
| ethyl octanoate | FL/FR |
alpha- | hexyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| hydroxycitronellal | FL/FR |
| nonanol | FL/FR |
| octyl butyrate | FL/FR |
4- | phenyl-3-buten-2-ol | FL/FR |
| propyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
| rhodinyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
woody |
4- | ethyl guaiacol | FL/FR |
alpha- | ionol | FL/FR |
alpha- | terpinyl methyl ether | FL/FR |
|
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol | | tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol | | tetrahydro-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol | | tetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol | DL- | xylose |
Articles:
PubMed: | Electron-transfer mediator for a NAD-glucose dehydrogenase-based glucose sensor. |
PubMed: | Identification, characterization, and crystal structure of an aldo-keto reductase (AKR2E4) from the silkworm Bombyx mori. |
PubMed: | Characterization of water extractable arabinoxylans from a spring wheat flour: rheological properties and microstructure. |
PubMed: | Performance of a new meter designed for assisted monitoring of blood glucose and point-of-care testing. |
PubMed: | Rheological characterization of galactomannans extracted from seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima. |
PubMed: | Clinical evaluation of the FreeStyle Precision Pro system. |
PubMed: | Herbaspirillum psychrotolerans sp. nov., a member of the family Oxalobacteraceae from a glacier forefield. |
PubMed: | Distinct actions by Paenibacillus sp. strain E18 α-L-arabinofuranosidases and xylanase in xylan degradation. |
PubMed: | Phase I and phase IB clinical trials for the noninvasive evaluation of intestinal lactase with 4-galactosylxylose (gaxilose). |
PubMed: | Novel high butanol production from lactic acid and pentose by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum. |
PubMed: | Accelerated gastric emptying but no carbohydrate malabsorption 1 year after gastric bypass surgery (GBP). |
PubMed: | Characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase 3 of the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. |
PubMed: | Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption due to hypogammaglobulinemia: a report on twelve patients. |
PubMed: | Direct measurements of blood glucose concentration in the presence of saccharide interferences using slope and bias orthogonal signal correction and Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy. |
PubMed: | Tepidibacter mesophilus sp. nov., a mesophilic fermentative anaerobe isolated from soil polluted by crude oil, and emended description of the genus Tepidibacter. |
PubMed: | Tunable external cavity quantum cascade laser for the simultaneous determination of glucose and lactate in aqueous phase. |
PubMed: | Maltose interference-free test strips for blood glucose testing at point-of-care: a laboratory performance evaluation. |
PubMed: | Characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 of the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. |
PubMed: | Stereoselective syntheses of pentose sugars under realistic prebiotic conditions. |
PubMed: | Weissella beninensis sp. nov., a motile lactic acid bacterium from submerged cassava fermentations, and emended description of the genus Weissella. |
PubMed: | Age-dependent retinal capillary pericyte degeneration in galactose-fed dogs. |
PubMed: | Whipple's disease. Description of a case and survey of the literature. |
PubMed: | The system of galactans from Cryptonemia crenulata (Halymeniaceae, Halymeniales) and the structure of two major fractions. Kinetic studies on the alkaline cyclization of the unusual diad G2S-->D(L)6S. |
PubMed: | Production and characterization of poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate copolymers from Burkholderia cepacia utilizing xylose and levulinic acid. |
PubMed: | Morphological and functional alterations of the intestine of rats with iron-deficiency anemia. |
PubMed: | Structural analysis of a pectic polysaccharide from the leaves of Diospyros kaki. |
PubMed: | Structural features of a pectic arabinogalactan with immunological activity from the leaves of Diospyros kaki. |
PubMed: | Serial transverse enteroplasty for short bowel syndrome: a case report. |
PubMed: | Nutritional requirements of Pochonia chlamydospora and ARF18, fungal parasites of nematode eggs. |
PubMed: | Functional outcome and patient satisfaction after ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis in a developing country. |
PubMed: | Proteome analysis of recombinant xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
PubMed: | Enteric dysfunction in patients with asymptomatic HIV-infection versus patients with hypoproteinemia/hypalbuminemia and advanced HIV-infection. |
PubMed: | Comparison of Candida dubliniensis and C. albicans based on polar lipid composition. |
PubMed: | Improving the serum D-xylose test for the identification of patients with small intestinal malabsorption. |
PubMed: | Diarrhea and abnormalities of gastrointestinal function in a cohort of men and women with HIV infection. |
PubMed: | D-xylose kinetics and hydrogen breath tests in functionally anephric patients using the 15-gram dose. |
PubMed: | Effects of Ethanolamine as a nitrogen source on hydrogen production by Rhodobacter capsulatus. |
PubMed: | Factors affecting counteraction by methylamines of urea effects on aldose reductase. |
PubMed: | Roseivivax halodurans gen. nov., sp. nov. and Roseivivax halotolerans sp. nov., aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria isolated from a saline lake. |
PubMed: | Roseobacter gallaeciensis sp. nov., a new marine bacterium isolated from rearings and collectors of the scallop Pecten maximus. |
PubMed: | A new polysaccharide from a traditional Nigerian plant food: Detarium senegalense Gmelin. |
PubMed: | Substrate specificity of an aflatoxin-metabolizing aldehyde reductase. |
PubMed: | Purification and partial characterization of an aldo-keto reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
PubMed: | Residues affecting the catalysis and inhibition of rat lens aldose reductase. |
PubMed: | [Effects of neomycin on intestinal digestion, absorption and fermentation of carbohydrates in patients with liver cirrhosis: evidence for an alternative therapeutic mechanism in hepatic encephalopathy]. |
PubMed: | Tyrosine-48 is the proton donor and histidine-110 directs substrate stereochemical selectivity in the reduction reaction of human aldose reductase: enzyme kinetics and crystal structure of the Y48H mutant enzyme. |
PubMed: | Glycation of myofibrillar proteins and ATPase activity after incubation with eleven sugars. |
PubMed: | D-xylose malabsorption: characteristic finding in patients with the AIDS wasting syndrome and chronic diarrhea. |
PubMed: | Histopathologic findings of duodenal biopsy specimens in HIV-infected patients with and without diarrhea and malabsorption. |
PubMed: | Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of penitrem B by Penicillium aurantiogriseum. |
PubMed: | Motor and absorptive function of the canine intestine following serosal patching: the effects of a lateral enterotomy on small intestinal myoelectrical activity. |
PubMed: | Erwinia persicinus, a new species isolated from plants. |
PubMed: | Purification and characterization of rho-crystallin from Japanese common bullfrog lens. |
PubMed: | [One hour xylose test blood in the diagnosis of celiac disease]. |
PubMed: | Defective insulin-mediated splanchnic glucose regulation and glucose clearance: early glucose homeostatic defects in nondiabetic, young offspring of patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
PubMed: | Aldose reductase activities in microdissected rat renal tubule segments. |
PubMed: | [Kinetics and clinical use of the combined D-xylose and NBT-PABA test]. |
PubMed: | Involvement of phosphatidylinositol and insulin in the coordinate regulation of proteoheparan sulfate metabolism and hepatocyte growth. |
PubMed: | Reverse electrical pacing improves intestinal absorption and transit time. |
PubMed: | Digestion of bentiromide and absorption of xylose in healthy cats and absorption of xylose in cats with infiltrative intestinal disease. |
PubMed: | Effects of cysteine and structurally related compounds on ochratoxin production by Aspergillus ochraceus. |
PubMed: | Gastrointestinal manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a review of 22 cases. |
PubMed: | Further investigation on aldehyde reductase activity in ageing rat tissues. |
PubMed: | Iron malabsorption in giardiasis. |
PubMed: | Age-related changes in the activities of the amine metabolizing enzymes of rat eye. |
PubMed: | Properties of the NAD(P)H-dependent xylose reductase from the xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis. |
PubMed: | alpha-Glucosidase inhibition improves postprandial hyperglycemia and decreases insulin requirements in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
PubMed: | Age-related changes in aldehyde reductase activity of rat brain, liver and heart. |
PubMed: | Neuroendocrine responses to glucose ingestion in man. Specificity, temporal relationships, and quantitative aspects. |
PubMed: | Ochratoxin production by Aspergillus ochraceus as affected by methionine and structurally related compounds. |
PubMed: | [Validity of the H2 breath test and limits of blood xylose in the evaluation of malabsorption in children]. |
PubMed: | Bentiromide:xylose test in healthy cats. |
PubMed: | Effect of soy protein on calves' intestinal absorptive ability and morphology determined by scanning electron microscopy. |
PubMed: | Serum D-xylose absorption tests: reproducibility and diagnostic usefulness in food-induced enterocolitis. |
PubMed: | The 1-hr blood xylose test in the evaluation of malabsorption in infants and children. |
PubMed: | One-hour blood-xylose test in diagnosis of cow's milk protein intolerance. |
PubMed: | [Carbon assimilation and taxonomic study of Bacillus subtillis and B. licheniformis]. |
PubMed: | Serum levels of retinol, retinol-binding protein, carotenoids and triglycerides in children with beta-thalassemia major. |
PubMed: | Use of the one-hour blood xylose test as an indicator of small bowel mucosal disease. |
PubMed: | The 1-hour D-xylose test in the diagnosis of villous atrophy. |
PubMed: | Analytical characterization of lipopolysaccharide antigens from seven strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
PubMed: | Absorption of xylose, glucose, glycine, and folic (pteroylglutamic) acid in Zambian Africans with anaemia. |
PubMed: | Thiobacillus acidophilus sp. nov.; isolation and some physiological characteristics. |
PubMed: | Some characteristics of Anaerovibrio lipolytica a rumen lipolytic organism. |
PubMed: | Identification of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent aldehyde reductase in a Rhodotorula strain. |
PubMed: | Formation of glucose from hexoses, pentoses, polyols and related substances in kidney cortex. |
PubMed: | Metabolic characterization of the genus Brucella. I. Statistical evaluation of the oxidative rates by which type I of each species can be identified. |
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