Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 332.1 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Insoluble in: |
| water |
Stability: |
| non-discoloring in most media |
Organoleptic Properties:
|
Odor Type: anisic |
|
| sweet herbal tarragon green spicy |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | sweet herbal tarragon green spicy Luebke, William tgsc, (1996) |
|
| sweet tarragon licorice fennel fruity |
Odor Description:
| Sweet, methyl chavicol, licorice, fennel and slightly fruity Mosciano, Gerard P&F 20, No. 4, 23, (1995) |
|
|
Flavor Type: anisic |
|
| sweet tarragon licorice fennel root beer |
Taste Description: at 10.00 ppm. | Sweet, methyl chavicol, licorice, fennel and root beer nuances Mosciano, Gerard P&F 20, No. 4, 23, (1995) |
|
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
|
IFF |
Basil Oil Grand Vert Egypt |
Odor Description: | Fresh, lasting sweetness with a woody background. Stronger leaf nuance when compared to the methyl chavicol type |
|
|
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Absolute Cosmetic Essentials |
Basil, Linalol Type (Egyptian)
|
Albert Vieille SAS |
Basil Essential oil Egypt
Odor: herbaceous, anise-like, and fresh Use: Basil is an annual herb that is widely used for its aromatic qualities. When rubbed or crushed, its glossy, pure-green leaves release a powerful, aromatic odor characteristic of the condiment. The fragrant compounds are in leaves' secretory glands. When in bloom, the basil plant's stems bear small white, pink, or purple flowers. The aerial portions of the plant are reaped during the flowering phase to produce essential oil. The fresh raw material is rapidly distilled, as basil leaves lose their flavor as they dry. The resulting essential oil is herbaceous, anise-like, and fresh. Basil essential oil composition can vary, depending on a number of parameters inherent to the cultivation sites and practices, and results in there being several chemotypes. Basil from Egypt is of the linalool chemotype, while basil from India and Vietnam are of the estragole (or methyl chavicol) chemotype. |
Harvest Calendar |
Berjé |
basil oil Comores type
|
Media |
Charabot |
Basil type linalool oil
100% Pure & Natural, Kosher Odor: Aromatic, spicy, herbaceous, aniseed, very close to the smell of freshly picked basil |
Citrus and Allied Essences |
Oil Basil comoros type, FCC
|
Market Report |
Elixens America |
Basil Essential Oil - Linalool Egypt
100% Pure and Natural |
Elixens America |
Basil Oil-Linalool Egypt
Certified Organic |
Elixens America |
Basil Oil-Methyl Chavicol Egypt
Certified Organic |
Excellentia International |
Basil Oil Sweet Comores-Type
|
Fleurchem |
basil oil comores
|
Floral concept |
Basil linalool (Grand Vert) Egypt
|
Frutarom |
BASIL OIL EGYPT SFO
KOSHER Flavor: Fresh/eucalyptol top note with leafy/green nuances, slightly floral and anisic |
CBD Offering |
IFF |
BASIL OIL EGYPT SFO
KOSHER Flavor: Fresh/eucalyptol top note with leafy/green nuances, slightly floral and anisic |
IFF |
Basil Oil Grand Vert Egypt
Odor: Fresh, lasting sweetness with a woody background. Stronger leaf nuance when compared to the methyl chavicol type |
Indukern F&F |
BASIL OIL EGYPT (LINALOOL)
Odor: FRESH, HERBAL, MENTHOLATED, POWERFUL |
Kanta Enterprises |
Basil Egypt Oil
|
Lionel Hitchen |
Basil Egyptian Oil
|
Lluch Essence |
BASIL EGYPT (ESTRAGOLE) OIL
|
Lluch Essence |
BASIL EGYPT (LINALOOL) OIL
|
Lluch Essence |
BASIL EGYPT (LINALOOL) ORGANIC ESS. OIL
|
Payand Betrand |
Basil Oil Egypt
|
Penta International |
BASIL OIL EGYPTIAN
|
Quimdis |
Basil Oil (Linalool) Egypt
|
Robertet |
Basil type linalool oil
100% Pure & Natural, Kosher Odor: Aromatic, spicy, herbaceous, aniseed, very close to the smell of freshly picked basil |
Seasons and Harvest / Crop calendar |
Sakkara Essential Oils |
EgyptianBasil Oil
|
SRS Aromatics |
BASIL OIL GRAND VERT
|
Taytonn ASCC |
Basil Oil Grand Vert
|
The Lermond Company |
BASIL OIL, EGYPT P&N - AV
|
The Perfumery |
Basil oil, sweet ct. linalool, Egypt
Odor: characteristic Use: Sweet Basil ct. linalool oil has a sweet, pleasant, earthy, spicy aroma that's reminiscent of the fresh leaves used in Italian cooking. For centuries, it's believed that Basil can aid in soothing the spirit and overcoming mental fatigue. Sweet Basil oil blends well with Bergamot, Hyssop, Clary Sage, and Lime. |
Ultra International |
Basil Oil Linalool Egypt
|
Crop Calendar |
Zanos |
Basil Oil
|
Safety Information:
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | Xn - Harmful. |
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin R 40/22 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect, harmful if swallowed. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing
|
|
Hazards identification |
|
Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
Flammable liquids (Category 4), H227 Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4), H302 Skin irritation (Category 2), H315 Eye irritation (Category 2A), H319 Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Category 3), Respiratory system, H335 Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 3), H402 Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 3), H412
|
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
|
Pictogram | |
|
Signal word | Warning |
Hazard statement(s) |
H227 - Combustible liquid H302 - Harmful if swallowed H315 - Causes skin irritation H319 - Causes serious eye irritation H335 - May cause respiratory irritation H402 - Harmful to aquatic life H412 - Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects
|
Precautionary statement(s) |
P210 - Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P261 - Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P270 - Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P271 - Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P273 - Avoid release to the environment. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P301 + P312 - IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. P302 + P352 - IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. P304 + P340 - IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P312 - Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. P330 - Rinse mouth. P332 + P313 - IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P337 + P313 - IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P362 - Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. P370 + P378 - In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam for extinction. P403 + P233 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P403 + P235 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P405 - Store locked up. P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.
|
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 1400 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 11, Pg. 867, 1973.
|
Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 11, Pg. 867, 1973.
|
Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
IFRA Purity Specification: | <20 mmoles / L of peroxides |
IFRA fragrance material specification: | | Linalool and natural products known to be rich in linalool, such as bois de rose, coriander or ho wood oil, should only be used when the level of peroxides is kept to the lowest practical level. It is recommended to add antioxidants at the time of production of the raw material. The addition of 0.1% BHT or alpha-tocopherol for example has shown great efficiency. The maximum peroxide level for products in use should be 20 mmol/l. |
contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only) |
methyl eugenol | Max. Found: 0.5 % and Reason: Potential carcinogenic activity in animals |
geraniol | Max. Found: 0.2 % and Reason: Sensitization |
eugenol | Max. Found: 7.9 % and Reason: Sensitization |
estragol | Max. Found: 80.00 % and Reason: Carcinogenicity |
L-carvone | Max. Found: 0.5 % and Reason: Sensitization |
para-anisaldehyde | Max. Found: 0.1 % and Reason: Sensitization |
alpha-bisabolol | Max. Found: 0.2 % and Reason: Sensitization |
|
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 4.20000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 2.00000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | - |
condiments / relishes: | - | 15.00000 |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | 2.70000 |
fruit ices: | - | 2.70000 |
gelatins / puddings: | - | 0.01000 |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | - | 6.20000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | 24.00000 |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
| ocimum basilicum l. leaf oil |
Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 8015-73-4 |
Pubchem (sid): | 135362711 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
|
For Odor |
No odor group found for these |
| tagete oil rwanda | |
|
| dehydro-ar-ionene | |
aldehydic |
10- | undecenal (aldehyde C-11 undecylenic) | FL/FR |
animal |
iso | butyl quinoline | FR |
anise |
| anise oleoresin | FL/FR |
| anise seed oil | FL/FR |
star | anise seed oil china | FL/FR |
| anise seed oil colombia | FL/FR |
star | anise seed oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
sweet | fennel absolute | FL/FR |
| fennel fragrance | FR |
sweet | fennel oleoresin | FL/FR |
sweet | fennel seed oil | FL/FR |
anisic |
ortho- | acetanisole | FL/FR |
para- | acetanisole | FL/FR |
| amyl furoate | FL/FR |
para- | anisaldehyde | FL/FR |
para- | anisyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
para- | anisyl propanal | FR |
sweet | basil flower oil | FR |
| dihydroanethol | FL/FR |
| estragole | FL/FR |
| ethyl para-anisate | FL/FR |
| methyl para-anisate | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil america | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil india | FL/FR |
| sassafras acetate | FL/FR |
balsamic |
| amyris wood oil | FL/FR |
| artemisia annua herb oil bulgaria | FL/FR |
| benzyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
(E)- | cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl formate | FL/FR |
| guaiyl acetate | FL/FR |
| mastic oil | FL/FR |
| mastic oil replacer | FR |
2- | phenyl propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
annus | wormwood oil france | FL/FR |
caramellic |
| caramel pentadione | FL/FR |
citrus |
| bergamot fragrance | FR |
| bergamot oil | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil replacer | FR |
| bergamot oil turkey | FL/FR |
| bergamot specialty | FR |
| lime oil distilled mexico | FL/FR |
| ocimene quintoxide | FL/FR |
| ocimum americanum leaf oil | FR |
blood | orange oil italy | FL/FR |
coumarinic |
| coumane | FL/FR |
earthy |
| bornyl methyl ether | |
| octyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
ethereal |
| ethyl 4-pentenoate | FL/FR |
fatty |
(R)-gamma- | octalactone | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | octenal | FL/FR |
floral |
alpha- | amyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
iso | amyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| anise indene | FR |
| anisyl propanal / methyl anthranilate schiff's base | FR |
| autumn carboxylate | FR |
| bois de rose oil brazil | FL/FR |
| cananga oil | FL/FR |
| cassis specialty | FR |
| citronellyl acetate | FL/FR |
| coriander seed oil | FL/FR |
| cyclamen aldehyde | FL/FR |
| dictamnus hispanicus oil | FR |
| dihydrorose oxide | FR |
| dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
2,4- | dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol | FR |
| floral pyranol | FR |
| geraniol | FL/FR |
| geranium oil | FL/FR |
| geranium oil africa | FL/FR |
| geranium oil bourbon | FL/FR |
| geranium oil bourbon replacer | FR |
| geranium oil egypt | FL/FR |
| geranium oil replacer | FR |
| geranium specialty | FR |
| hawthorn acetate | FR |
| heather fragrance | FR |
| heliotropyl diethyl acetal | FR |
alpha- | hexyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| hydroxycitronellal | FL/FR |
| jonquil absolute | FR |
| jonquil absolute replacer | FR |
| lilac absolute | FR |
laevo- | linalool | FL/FR |
ortho- | methoxybenzyl ethyl ether | FR |
ortho- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
1-(2- | methyl allyl oxy)-2-methyl butane | FR |
| methyl dihydrojasmonate | FL/FR |
| mimosa absolute france | FL/FR |
| neryl formate | FL/FR |
| ocean propanal | FL/FR |
2- | pentyl cyclopentanone | FR |
| phenyl propyl phenyl acetate | FR |
iso | phytol | FL/FR |
| reseda absolute | FR |
| rose absolute (rosa damascena) bulgaria | FL/FR |
| rose pyran | FR |
| tuberose absolute (from pommade) | FL/FR |
| ylang ylang flower oil | FL/FR |
fruity |
| allyl cyclohexyl propionate | FL/FR |
para- | anisyl methyl ketone | FL/FR |
| berry hexanoate | FR |
| cinnamyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl citronellate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | ethyl sorbate | FL/FR |
| grapefruit acetal | FR |
| tropical indene | FR |
fungal |
| jasmin nonane | FR |
green |
alpha- | allyl-4,6-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanyl acetate | |
iso | butyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl methyl ketone | FL/FR |
2-sec- | butyl thiazole | FL/FR |
2- | butyl-4-methyl-1,3-oxathiane | |
| carrot leaf oil (daucus carota ssp.maximus) | FR |
black | currant bud absolute replacer | FL/FR |
| dicyclopentadiene propionate | FR |
| geranium fragrance | FR |
| heptanal (aldehyde C-7) | FL/FR |
1- | heptanol | FL/FR |
(Z)-4- | hexen-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E)-4- | hexen-1-ol | |
3- | hexenyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| hexyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| hop oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
english | ivy leaf absolute | FR |
3- | methylthio-4-heptanone | |
| murraya koenigii leaf oil india | FL/FR |
| seaweed absolute (fucus vesiculosus et serratus) | FL/FR |
| styralyl acetate | FL/FR |
| tiglaldehyde | FL/FR |
| violet leaf absolute | FL/FR |
herbal |
6- | acetoxydihydrotheaspirane | FL/FR |
alpha- | amyl cinnamyl formate | FL/FR |
| anethum graveolens herb oil | FL/FR |
| anethum graveolens herb tincture | FL/FR |
| anthemis nobilis flower oil roman | FL/FR |
sweet | basil absolute | FL/FR |
| basil essence | FL/FR |
| basil oil replacer | FR |
(+)-alpha- | campholenic aldehyde | FL/FR |
| carrot seed oil (daucus carota ssp. gummifer hook. fil.) spain | FR |
| carrot seed oil (daucus carota ssp. maximus (desf.) ball) | FR |
wild | carrot seed oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| carum carvi fruit oil | FL/FR |
| celery ketone | FL/FR |
| clary sage absolute | FL/FR |
| clary sage oil france | FL/FR |
| coriander oleoresin | FL/FR |
| daucus carota fruit oil | FL/FR |
| dill weed oil cuba | FL/FR |
| dill weed oil reunion | FL/FR |
| dimethyl benzyl carbinyl formate | FL/FR |
| floral nitrile | FR |
| herbal acetal | FR |
cis- | herbal cyclohexane | FR |
| herbal dioxane | FR |
| herbal fragrance | FR |
| herbal heptane | FR |
| herbal specialty | FR |
| hop absolute | FL/FR |
| hop oil | FL/FR |
| lavender absolute bulgaria | FL/FR |
| licorice diethyl acetal | FR |
| linalyl formate | FL/FR |
| linalyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| melaleuca leucadendron var. cajuputi leaf oil | FL/FR |
(E)-6- | methyl-3-hepten-2-one | FL/FR |
| nonisyl formate | FR |
| ocimum basilicum herb extract | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf extract | FL/FR |
1- | octen-3-yl acetate | FL/FR |
curled | parsley seed oil | FL/FR |
| perilla leaf oil | FL/FR |
| perillaldehyde | FL/FR |
| petitgrain heptane | FR |
| petroselinum crispum seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| tagete oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| tagete oil south africa | FL/FR |
| theaspirane | FL/FR |
| thyme absolute | FL/FR |
| tricyclo(5.2.1.02,6)dec-3-enyl acetate | FR |
| tricyclodecenyl isobutyrate | FR |
| tricyclodecenyl propionate | FR |
| tricyclodecyl acetate | FR |
| viridiflorol | FL/FR |
| wormwood oil america | FL/FR |
licorice |
(E)- | anethol | FL/FR |
sweet | basil oleoresin | FL/FR |
| clausena anisata leaf oil | |
| ocimum basilicum | |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil poland | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil vietnam | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
minty |
| betula lenta bark oil america | FL/FR |
| carvone | FL/FR |
bitter | fennel flower oil lithuania | |
bitter | fennel seed oil lithuania | CS |
(-)-iso | pulegol | FL/FR |
mossy |
| oakmoss absolute | FL/FR |
musty |
2- | acetyl pyrrole | FL/FR |
phenolic |
| anisole | FL/FR |
pine |
| dipentene terpene hydrocarbon byproducts | FR |
spicy |
| artemisia dracunculus herb oil | FL/FR |
iso | butyl angelate | FL/FR |
| carrot weed oil | FL/FR |
| cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| clove bud oil | FL/FR |
| croton eluteria bark oil | FL/FR |
(-)- | cubenol | FL/FR |
| cumin seed absolute | FL/FR |
| cuminaldehyde | FL/FR |
black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
iso | cyclogeraniol (IFF) | FR |
2- | octanol | FL/FR |
annus | wormwood oil vietnam | FL/FR |
sulfurous |
| lychee mercaptan acetate | FL/FR |
terpenic |
| angelica seed oil | FL/FR |
| cassis bud oil | FL/FR |
vanilla |
| vanillin | FL/FR |
woody |
| dalbergia sissoo leaf oil | FR |
| patchouli ethanone | FR |
| santall | FR |
alpha- | thujene | |
| verdoxan | FR |
|
For Flavor |
|
No flavor group found for these |
6- | acetoxydihydrotheaspirane | FL/FR |
alpha- | allyl-4,6-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanyl acetate | |
alpha- | amyl cinnamyl formate | FL/FR |
| amyl furoate | FL/FR |
| artemisia annua herb oil bulgaria | FL/FR |
iso | butyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
2-sec- | butyl thiazole | FL/FR |
4- | butyl thiazole | FL |
2- | butyl-4-methyl-1,3-oxathiane | |
| carvone | FL/FR |
(E)- | cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| clausena anisata leaf oil | |
| coumane | FL/FR |
| dehydro-ar-ionene | |
| dimethyl benzyl carbinyl formate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 4-pentenoate | FL/FR |
4- | ethyl anisole | FL |
bitter | fennel flower oil lithuania | |
| fig leaf absolute | FL |
| fleabane oil (erigeron canadensis) | FL |
| guaiyl acetate | FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,4- | hexadien-1-ol | FL |
| melaleuca leucadendron var. cajuputi leaf oil | FL/FR |
| methyl para-anisate | FL/FR |
(E)-6- | methyl-3-hepten-2-one | FL/FR |
3- | methylthio-4-heptanone | |
(R)-gamma- | octalactone | FL/FR |
| octyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| perilla leaf oil | FL/FR |
2- | propyl thiazole | FL |
| seaweed absolute (fucus vesiculosus et serratus) | FL/FR |
| tagete oil rwanda | |
4,4'- | thiobis-2-butanone | FL |
alpha- | thujene | |
| viridiflorol | FL/FR |
annus | wormwood oil france | FL/FR |
alliaceous |
| truffle sulfide | FL |
amber |
| angelica seed oil | FL/FR |
anise |
(E)- | anethol | FL/FR |
| anise oleoresin | FL/FR |
| anise seed oil | FL/FR |
star | anise seed oil china | FL/FR |
| anise seed oil colombia | FL/FR |
star | anise seed oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| ethyl para-anisate | FL/FR |
sweet | fennel absolute | FL/FR |
sweet | fennel oleoresin | FL/FR |
sweet | fennel seed oil | FL/FR |
anisic |
para- | acetanisole | FL/FR |
para- | anisyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
ortho- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
aromatic |
| anisole | FL/FR |
balsamic |
| mastic oil | FL/FR |
caramellic |
| caramel pentadione | FL/FR |
citrus |
| bergamot oil | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil turkey | FL/FR |
| lime oil distilled mexico | FL/FR |
laevo- | linalool | FL/FR |
blood | orange oil italy | FL/FR |
cooling |
| theaspirane | FL/FR |
creamy |
para- | anisaldehyde | FL/FR |
dusty |
| ethyl citronellate | FL/FR |
ethereal |
4- | hexen-3-one | FL |
fatty |
(E)-2- | octenal | FL/FR |
10- | undecenal (aldehyde C-11 undecylenic) | FL/FR |
floral |
| bois de rose oil brazil | FL/FR |
| cananga oil | FL/FR |
| citronellyl acetate | FL/FR |
| dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| geraniol | FL/FR |
| geranium oil | FL/FR |
| geranium oil africa | FL/FR |
| geranium oil bourbon | FL/FR |
| geranium oil egypt | FL/FR |
| methyl dihydrojasmonate | FL/FR |
| ocean propanal | FL/FR |
| rose absolute (rosa damascena) bulgaria | FL/FR |
| tuberose absolute (from pommade) | FL/FR |
| ylang ylang flower oil | FL/FR |
fruity |
| allyl cyclohexyl propionate | FL/FR |
| cassis bud oil | FL/FR |
black | currant bud absolute replacer | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | ethyl sorbate | FL/FR |
| hexyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| linalyl octanoate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | methyl sorbate | FL |
| neryl formate | FL/FR |
| styralyl acetate | FL/FR |
| tagete oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| tagete oil south africa | FL/FR |
| tiglaldehyde | FL/FR |
green |
iso | amyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| anethum graveolens herb tincture | FL/FR |
iso | butyl angelate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl methyl ketone | FL/FR |
(+)-alpha- | campholenic aldehyde | FL/FR |
| carrot weed oil | FL/FR |
| celery ketone | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| cyclamen aldehyde | FL/FR |
| heptanal (aldehyde C-7) | FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,4- | hexadienal | FL |
(Z)-4- | hexen-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E)-4- | hexen-1-ol | |
3- | hexenyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
4- | methyl-2-pentenal | FL |
| oakmoss absolute | FL/FR |
| ocimene quintoxide | FL/FR |
1- | octen-3-yl acetate | FL/FR |
2- | phenyl propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| violet leaf absolute | FL/FR |
herbal |
| anethum graveolens herb oil | FL/FR |
| anthemis nobilis flower oil roman | FL/FR |
sweet | basil absolute | FL/FR |
| basil distillates | FL |
| basil essence | FL/FR |
roasted | basil flavor | FL |
| bornyl methyl ether | |
wild | carrot seed oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| carum carvi fruit oil | FL/FR |
| chervil flavor | FL |
| clary sage absolute | FL/FR |
| clary sage oil france | FL/FR |
| coriander oleoresin | FL/FR |
| coriander seed oil | FL/FR |
| daucus carota fruit oil | FL/FR |
| dihydroanethol | FL/FR |
| dill weed oil cuba | FL/FR |
| dill weed oil reunion | FL/FR |
| hop absolute | FL/FR |
| hop oil | FL/FR |
| lavender absolute bulgaria | FL/FR |
| linalyl formate | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum herb extract | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf extract | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil america | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil india | FL/FR |
| oregano oleoresin | FL |
curled | parsley seed oil | FL/FR |
| petroselinum crispum seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| thyme absolute | FL/FR |
| wormwood oil america | FL/FR |
juicy |
| lychee mercaptan acetate | FL/FR |
licorice |
| anise flavor | FL |
sweet | basil oleoresin | FL/FR |
2- | butyl-3-methyl pyrazine | FL |
| estragole | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum | |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil poland | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil vietnam | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf powder | FL |
minty |
holy | basil distillates | FL |
holy | basil flavor | FL |
| betula lenta bark oil america | FL/FR |
(-)-iso | pulegol | FL/FR |
nutty |
2- | acetyl pyrrole | FL/FR |
oily |
iso | phytol | FL/FR |
powdery |
ortho- | acetanisole | FL/FR |
| powdery ketone | FL |
solvent |
1- | heptanol | FL/FR |
spicy |
para- | anisyl methyl ketone | FL/FR |
| artemisia dracunculus herb oil | FL/FR |
| basil flavor | FL |
| benzyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl formate | FL/FR |
| clove bud oil | FL/FR |
| croton eluteria bark oil | FL/FR |
(-)- | cubenol | FL/FR |
| cumin seed absolute | FL/FR |
| cuminaldehyde | FL/FR |
black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
| hop oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
4- | methyl biphenyl | FL |
| murraya koenigii leaf oil india | FL/FR |
2- | octanol | FL/FR |
| perillaldehyde | FL/FR |
annus | wormwood oil vietnam | FL/FR |
tarragon |
| sassafras acetate | FL/FR |
tropical |
alpha- | amyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
vanilla |
| vanillin | FL/FR |
waxy |
alpha- | hexyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| hydroxycitronellal | FL/FR |
| mimosa absolute france | FL/FR |
woody |
| amyris wood oil | FL/FR |
|
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
sweet | basil leaf oil egypt | | basil linalool (grand vert) egypt | | basil oil - linalool type | | basil oil - methyl chavicol type | | basil oil comores | | basil oil comores type | | basil oil egypt | | basil oil egypt (linalool) | | basil oil grand vert | | basil oil sweet comores type FCC | | oil basil comoros type, FCC |
Articles:
PubMed: | In vitro anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of Pistacia lentiscus mastic and Ocimum basilicum essential oil. |
PubMed: | Utilization of heavy metal-rich tannery sludge for sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivation. |
PubMed: | Effects of Ocimum basilicum Linn essential oil and sodium hexametaphosphate on the shelf life of fresh chicken sausage. |
PubMed: | Cyclodextrin-complexed Ocimum basilicum leaves essential oil increases Fos protein expression in the central nervous system and produce an antihyperalgesic effect in animal models for fibromyalgia. |
PubMed: | In vitro inhibition of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus by the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum (basil) and monoterpenes. |
PubMed: | Ocimum basilicum: Antibacterial activity and association study with antibiotics against bacteria of clinical importance. |
PubMed: | Thermal and oxidative stability of the Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil/β-cyclodextrin supramolecular system. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil) from Western Ghats of North West Karnataka, India. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oil from Ocimum basilicum (L.) against Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus and Anopheles subpictus (Diptera: Culicidae). |
PubMed: | α-Linalool - a marker compound of forged/synthetic sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oils. |
PubMed: | Ecologically acceptable usage of derivatives of essential oil of sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum, as antifeedants against larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. |
PubMed: | The impact of hybridization on the volatile and sensorial profile of Ocimum basilicum L. |
PubMed: | Essential oil from Ocimum basilicum (Omani Basil): a desert crop. |
PubMed: | Variation in the volatile terpenoids of two industrially important basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars during plant ontogeny in two different cropping seasons from India. |
PubMed: | Activity of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum canum, and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils against Plasmodium falciparum and mature-stage larvae of Anopheles funestus s.s. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition of the essential oil from basil (Ocimum basilicum Linn.) and its in vitro cytotoxicity against HeLa and HEp-2 human cancer cell lines and NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. |
PubMed: | Influence of viral infection on essential oil composition of Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae). |
PubMed: | Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Tagetes minuta and Ocimum basilicum essential oils. |
PubMed: | Chemotaxonomic analysis of the aroma compounds in essential oils of two different Ocimum basilicum L. varieties from Iran. |
PubMed: | Effects of drying methods on qualitative and quantitative properties of essential oil of two basil landraces. |
PubMed: | Variation in essential oil composition within individual leaves of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is more affected by leaf position than by leaf age. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition, acute toxicity, and antinociceptive activity of the essential oil of a plant breeding cultivar of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). |
PubMed: | Chemical characterization and genetic relationships among Ocimum basilicum L. cultivars. |
PubMed: | Pro-oxidant/antioxidant behaviours of ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and plant extracts in n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid rich oil-in-water emulsions. |
PubMed: | Optimisation of microencapsulation of holy basil essential oil in gelatin by response surface methodology. |
PubMed: | Fumigant toxicity of basil oil compounds and related compounds to Thrips palmi and Orius strigicollis. |
PubMed: | [Effectiveness of antimicrobial formulations for acne based on orange (Citrus sinensis) and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L) essential oils]. |
PubMed: | Effect of the addition of basil essential oil on the degradation of palm olein during repeated deep frying of French fries. |
PubMed: | Does antioxidant properties of the main component of essential oil reflect its antioxidant properties? The comparison of antioxidant properties of essential oils and their main components. |
PubMed: | Toxicity of basil oil constituents and related compounds and the efficacy of spray formulations to Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). |
PubMed: | Hepatocyte Growth Factor Mediates the Antifibrogenic Action of Ocimum bacilicum Essential Oil against CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil against Salmonella enteritidis in vitro and in food. |
PubMed: | Acaricidal effect and chemical composition of essential oils extracted from Cuminum cyminum, Pimenta dioica and Ocimum basilicum against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). |
PubMed: | Safety assessment of ocimum basilicum hydroalcoholic extract in wistar rats: acute and subchronic toxicity studies. |
PubMed: | Composition and antimicrobial activities of Lippia multiflora Moldenke, Mentha x piperita L. and Ocimum basilicum L. essential oils and their major monoterpene alcohols alone and in combination. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of linalool, a natural antimicrobial and insecticidal essential oil from basil: effects on poultry. |
PubMed: | [Factors influence volatile oil content in Ocimun basilicum introduced from Xinjiang province to south-east China]. |
PubMed: | Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in leaves and glandular trichomes of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). |
PubMed: | Antibacterial activity of essential oils of edible spices, Ocimum canum and Xylopia aethiopica. |
PubMed: | EFFICIENCY OF PREPARED BAITS OF LONE OR/AND ADMIXED FOUR BOTANICAL OILS ON THE VIABILITY OF SUCCESSIVE RAISED GENERATIONS OF AGROTIS IPSILON (HUFNAGEL) (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AFTER TREATING THE PARENT ONES. |
PubMed: | Effect of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Ocimum basilicum L. on Benzene-Induced Hematotoxicity in Mice. |
PubMed: | TOXIC ACTIVITY AND DELAYED EFFECTS OF FIVE BOTANICAL OILS ON THE FOLLOWING GENERATIONS OF AGROTIS IPSILON (HUFNAGEL) (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AFTER PARENTS TREATMENT. |
PubMed: | ZnO nanofertilizer and He Ne laser irradiation for promoting growth and yield of sweet basil plant. |
PubMed: | Fumigant Toxicity of Essential Oils from Basil and Spearmint Against Two Major Pyralid Pests of Stored Products. |
PubMed: | UV-B is required for normal development of oil glands in Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil). |
PubMed: | Yield and oil composition of 38 basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) accessions grown in Mississippi. |
PubMed: | Effects of three AM fungi on growth, distribution of glandular hairs, and essential oil production in Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese. |
PubMed: | Antigiardial activity of Ocimum basilicum essential oil. |
PubMed: | Infraspecific taxonomy and essential oil chemotypes in sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum. |
PubMed: | Comparative volatile oil composition of four Ocimum species from northern India. |
PubMed: | Altered growth and polyamine catabolism following exposure of the chocolate spot pathogen Botrytis fabae to the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum. |
PubMed: | Resistance to essential oils affects survival of Salmonella enterica serovars in growing and harvested basil. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of gastric anti-ulcer activity of fixed oil of Ocimum basilicum Linn. and its possible mechanism of action. |
PubMed: | [Study on the constituents of volatile oil from Ocimum basilicum]. |
PubMed: | Increased seizure latency and decreased severity of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice after essential oil administration. |
PubMed: | Mechanism of action of antiinflammatory effect of fixed oil of Ocimum basilicum Linn. |
PubMed: | Comparative studies on the activity of basil--an essential oil from Ocimum basilicum L.--against multidrug resistant clinical isolates of the genera Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Pseudomonas by using different test methods. |
PubMed: | Effects of Ocimum basilicum L. extract on experimental acute inflammation. |
PubMed: | The main chemical composition and in vitro antifungal activity of the essential oils of Ocimum basilicum Linn. var. pilosum (Willd.) Benth. |
PubMed: | Effect of inhaled essential oils on mental exhaustion and moderate burnout: a small pilot study. |
PubMed: | Comparative essential oil composition of flowers, leavesand stems of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) used as herb. |
PubMed: | Identification of the chemotypes of Ocimum forskolei and Ocimum basilicum by NMR spectroscopy. |
PubMed: | Ocimum basilicum ethanolic extract decreases cholesterol synthesis and lipid accumulation in human macrophages. |
PubMed: | Anthocyanin inheritance and instability in purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). |
PubMed: | Efficacy of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. and O. gratissimum L. applied as an insecticidal fumigant and powder to control Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) |
PubMed: | Synthesis of highly active juvenile hormone analogs, juvocimene I and II, from the oil of sweet basil,Ocimum basilicum L. |
PubMed: | Protective effect of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against oxidative DNA damage and mutagenesis. |
PubMed: | Soil bacteria elevate essential oil accumulation and emissions in sweet basil. |
PubMed: | In vitro activity of essential oils extracted from condiments against fluconazole-resistant and -sensitive Candida glabrata. |
PubMed: | Investigations on the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum. |
PubMed: | Toxicity and gastric tolerance of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum basilicum in Wistar rats. |
PubMed: | Biological activity of selected Lamiaceae and Zingiberaceae plant essential oils against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). |
PubMed: | Bioautography-guided isolation of antibacterial compounds of essential oils from Thai spices against histamine-producing bacteria. |
PubMed: | Inhibitory effects of various essential oils and individual components against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and their chemical compositions. |
PubMed: | Comparison of Field and Laboratory-Based Tests for Behavioral Response of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to Repellents. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of essential oils of plants from Burkina Faso. |
PubMed: | The synergistic preservative effects of the essential oils of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against acid-tolerant food microflora. |
PubMed: | Effects of essential oils from medicinal plants acclimated to Benin on in vitro ruminal fermentation of Andropogon gayanus grass. |
PubMed: | Oviposition-altering and ovicidal potentials of five essential oils against female adults of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti L. |
PubMed: | Insecticidal activity of plant essential oils against the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of bioactivity of linalool-rich essential oils from Ocimum basilucum and Coriandrum sativum varieties. |
PubMed: | Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. |
PubMed: | Modulatory potential of clocimum oil on mouse skin papillomagenesis and the xenobiotic detoxication system. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of antiinflammatory activity of fatty acids of Ocimum sanctum fixed oil. |
PubMed: | Anti-proliferative activity of essential oil extracted from Thai medicinal plants on KB and P388 cell lines. |
PubMed: | Effect of synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on the toxicity of some essential oils against mosquito larvae. |
PubMed: | The potential of use basil and rosemary essential oils as effective antibacterial agents. |
PubMed: | The formulation of an effective topical antibacterial product containing Ocimum gratissimum leaf essential oil. |
PubMed: | Content, composition, and bioactivity of the essential oils of three basil genotypes as a function of harvesting. |
PubMed: | Chemical and pharmacological studies on fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum. |
PubMed: | The effects of herbal essential oils on the oviposition-deterrent and ovicidal activities of Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). |
PubMed: | Essential oils and their principal constituents as antimicrobial agents for synthetic packaging films. |
PubMed: | Effect of synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on the toxicity of some essential oils against mosquito larvae. |
PubMed: | Ultrasonic emulsification of food-grade nanoemulsion formulation and evaluation of its bactericidal activity. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of the leishmanicidal and cytotoxic potential of essential oils derived from ten colombian plants. |
PubMed: | Chemical and biological diversity in fourteen selections of four Ocimum species. |
PubMed: | Anthelmintic activity of essential oil of Ocimum sanctum and eugenol. |
PubMed: | Comparative evaluation of antiinflammatory potential of fixed oil of different species of Ocimum and its possible mechanism of action. |
PubMed: | Effect of Ocimum sanctum fixed oil on vascular permeability and leucocytes migration. |
PubMed: | Efficacy of plant essential oils on postharvest control of rots caused by fungi on different stone fruits in vivo. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of Ocimum sanctum seed oil and its possible mechanism of action. |
PubMed: | 4-coumarate: CoA ligase partitions metabolites for eugenol biosynthesis. |
PubMed: | Composition and functional properties of the essential oil of amazonian basil, Ocimum micranthum Willd., Labiatae in comparison with commercial essential oils. |
PubMed: | Characterization of the volatile pattern and antioxidant capacity of essential oils from different species of the genus Ocimum. |
PubMed: | Efficacy of herbal essential oils as insecticide against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). |
PubMed: | Effective treatment of experimental acute otitis media by application of volatile fluids into the ear canal. |
PubMed: | An investigation of the storage and biosynthesis of phenylpropenes in sweet basil. |
PubMed: | Antifungal activity of peppermint and sweet basil essential oils and their major aroma constituents on some plant pathogenic fungi from the vapor phase. |
PubMed: | Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: comparison with conventional hydro-distillation. |
PubMed: | Antibacterial activities of essential oils from eight Greek aromatic plants against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. |
PubMed: | Source-separated municipal solid waste compost application to Swiss chard and basil. |
PubMed: | Rapid classification of basil chemotypes by various vibrational spectroscopy methods. |
PubMed: | Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some lamiaceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils. |
PubMed: | Application of high Cu compost to Swiss chard and basil. |
PubMed: | An attempt of postharvest orange fruit rot control using essential oils from Mediterranean plants. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of in vitro antimicrobial activity of Thai basil oils and their micro-emulsion formulas against Propionibacterium acnes. |
PubMed: | Antioxidant and cyclooxygenase inhibitory phenolic compounds from Ocimum sanctum Linn. |
PubMed: | Antibacterial effects of the essential oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model. |
PubMed: | [Phytochemical evaluation of essential oils, medicinal plants and their preparations]. |
PubMed: | The effect of essential oils of basil on the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils against microorganisms deteriorating fruit juices. |
PubMed: | Biological effects of some natural and chemical compounds on the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zell. (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae). |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial activities of the volatile oils of Ocimum bacilicum L. and Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) against some aerobic dental isolates. |
PubMed: | Antibacterial properties of essential oils from Thai medicinal plants. |
PubMed: | Effect of essential oils on the growth of Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin contamination in corn. |
PubMed: | Enantiomeric composition of (3R)-(-)- and (3S)-(+)-linalool in various essential oils of Indian origin by enantioselective capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization and mass spectrometry detection methods. |
PubMed: | Larvicidal and antifeedant activity of some plant-derived compounds to Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Limantriidae). |
PubMed: | Susceptibility of the bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its parasitoid Dinarmus basalis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to three essential oils. |
PubMed: | Dibutyrate derivatization of monoacylglycerols for the resolution of regioisomers of oleic, petroselinic, and cis-vaccenic acids. |
PubMed: | Effect of various essential oils on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). |
PubMed: | In vitro activity of essential oils extracted from plants used as spices against fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible Candida spp. |
PubMed: | Juvocimenes: potent juvenile hormone mimics from sweet basil. |
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