Category: flavoring agents and adjuvants
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless to yellow crystals (est) |
Assay: | 98.00 to 100.00 %
|
Additional Assay Information: | tridodecylamine: max 0.10 mg/kg |
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Melting Point: | 195.00 to 196.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
Boiling Point: | 542.00 to 543.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
|
Flash Point: | 564.00 °F. TCC ( 295.56 °C. )
|
logP (o/w): | -0.179 (est) |
Soluble in: |
| water, 333000 mg/L @ 15 °C (exp) | | alcohol |
Similar Items: note |
(E)-aconitic acid |
(Z)-aconitic acid |
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Strength: | none |
|
| nutty musty |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | very mild nutty musty |
|
| vegetable musty nutty dry toasted |
Odor Description:
| Vegetative, musty and nutty with a dry, toasted nuance Mosciano, Gerard P&F 21, No. 3, 51, (1996) |
|
|
Flavor Type: nutty |
|
| nutty vegetable musty caramellic |
Taste Description: at 25.00 ppm. | Nutty, vegetative, musty and slightly caramellic Mosciano, Gerard P&F 21, No. 3, 51, (1996) |
|
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
|
|
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
|
Hazards identification |
|
Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
|
Pictogram | |
|
Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intravenous-mouse LD50 180 mg/kg U.S. Army Armament Research & Development Command, Chemical Systems Laboratory, NIOSH Exchange Chemicals. Vol. NX#00189
|
Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
|
Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavoring agents and adjuvants |
Recommendation for aconitic acid usage levels up to: | | not for fragrance use.
|
|
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.012 (μg/capita/day) |
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | 0.60000 | 15.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | 0.20000 | 2.00000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | 20.00000 |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | 26.00000 |
condiments / relishes: | - | - |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | - |
fruit ices: | - | 0.60000 |
gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | 0.60000 | 30.00000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | - |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA): | Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to - Flavouring Group Evaluation 10: Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 64 (FGE.64): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (EFSA, 2008ab) View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 92 (FGE.92): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (68th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (2009) View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 2 (FGE.10Rev2): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 View page or View pdf |
EPI System: | View |
Daily Med: | search |
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
AIDS Citations: | Search |
Cancer Citations: | Search |
Toxicology Citations: | Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 499-12-7 |
EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 309 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid |
Chemidplus: | 0000499127 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
|
For Odor |
No odor group found for these |
| sulfuryl octanoate | FL/FR |
| sulfuryl butyrate | FL/FR |
| sulfuryl decanoate | FL/FR |
| sulfuryl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| sulfuryl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| sulfuryl propionate | FL/FR |
| valeraldehyde dibutyl acetal | FL/FR |
| valeraldehyde propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
alcoholic |
| propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
aldehydic |
| nonanal (aldehyde C-9) | FL/FR |
amber |
| ambroxan | FL/FR |
balsamic |
2- | acetyl furan | FL/FR |
(E)- | benzyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| propyl benzoate | FL/FR |
bready |
| coffee furanone | FL/FR |
| furfural | FL/FR |
buttery |
| acetyl butyryl | FL/FR |
| acetyl propionyl | FL/FR |
3,4- | hexane dione | FL/FR |
camphoreous |
| bornyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
caramellic |
| cyclotene | FL/FR |
| ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cyclopentenolone | FL/FR |
| fenugreek absolute | FL/FR |
iso | propenyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
chocolate |
| chocolate pyrazine A | FL/FR |
| cocoa hexenal | FL/FR |
| cocoa pentenal | FL/FR |
2,5- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methoxy-3-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methoxypyrazine | FL/FR |
2,4,5- | trimethyl thiazole | FL/FR |
citrus |
| methyl heptenone | FL/FR |
cocoa |
2- | methyl butyraldehyde | FL/FR |
coconut |
alpha- | angelica lactone | FL/FR |
| coconut naphthalenone | FL/FR |
delta- | decalactone | FL/FR |
gamma- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
gamma- | octalactone | FL/FR |
coffee |
| cichorium intybus root extract | FL/FR |
| coffea arabica seed extract | FL/FR |
| furfuryl mercaptan | FL/FR |
1- | hydroxy-2-butanone | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-3-,5 or 6-(furfuryl thio) pyrazine | FL/FR |
| popcorn pyrimidine | FL/FR |
coumarinic |
| coumane | FL/FR |
creamy |
| butyl lactate | FL/FR |
earthy |
2- | ethyl-3-methoxypyrazine | FL/FR |
3- | octanol | FL/FR |
ethereal |
| acetal | FL/FR |
fatty |
| coconut absolute | FL/FR |
fermented |
| valeraldehyde | FL/FR |
floral |
para- | cresyl laurate | FL/FR |
| hawthorn carbinol | FL/FR |
ortho- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
fruity |
| allyl 2-ethyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | amyl nonanoate | FL/FR |
| benzaldehyde | FL/FR |
| benzyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| bread thiophene | FL/FR |
| ethyl (Z)-4-heptenoate | FL/FR |
| methyl valerate | FL/FR |
3- | methyl-2-butenal | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate | FL/FR |
| tropical thiazole | FL/FR |
gamma- | undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| valeriana officinalis root extract | FL/FR |
green |
| benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
2-sec- | butyl-3-methoxypyrazine | FL/FR |
1- | heptanol | FL/FR |
2- | heptyl furan | FL/FR |
| lilac acetaldehyde | FL/FR |
(E,Z)-2,6- | nonadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E,Z)-2,6- | nonadien-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
| styralyl acetate | FL/FR |
| tiglaldehyde | FL/FR |
herbal |
| apium graveolens seed extract | FL/FR |
2- | pentyl acetate | FL/FR |
| sulfurol | FL/FR |
moldy |
| strawberry furanone methyl ether | FL/FR |
mushroom |
3- | octen-2-ol | FL/FR |
musty |
2- | acetyl pyrrole | FL/FR |
3- | acetyl-2,5-dimethyl furan | FL/FR |
| cocoa butenal | FL/FR |
| hazelnut pyrazine | FL/FR |
| menthofuran | FL/FR |
naphthyl |
para- | methyl anisole | FL/FR |
ortho- | methyl anisole | FL/FR |
nutty |
3- | acetyl pyridine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-3-ethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-3-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-3,5-dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-5-methyl furan | FL/FR |
3,6- | cocoa pyrazine | FL/FR |
3,5- | cocoa pyrazine | FL/FR |
2,3- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
4,5- | dimethyl-2-ethyl-3-thiazoline | FL/FR |
2- | ethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | ethyl-4-methyl thiazole | FL/FR |
| filbert heptenone | FL/FR |
| filbert heptenone B | FL/FR |
| filbert pyrazine | FL/FR |
(E)- | filbertone | FL/FR |
2,6- | lutidine | FL/FR |
| methoxymethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
5- | methyl quinoxaline | FL/FR |
2- | methyl thio-3,5 or 6-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-3-(methyl thio) pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-3-ethoxypyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-3-propyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| nutty cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
| nutty quinoxaline | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | octen-2-one | FL/FR |
| sesame absolute | FL/FR |
| shoyu pyrazine | FL/FR |
2,3,5,6- | tetramethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2,4,5- | trimethyl oxazole | FL/FR |
2,3,5- | trimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| vinyl sulfurol | FL/FR |
para-alpha- | dimethyl styrene | FL/FR |
popcorn |
2- | acetyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl pyridine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl thiazole | FL/FR |
roasted |
2- | acetyl-2-pyrroline | |
spicy |
3-(2- | furyl) acrolein | FL/FR |
sulfurous |
| benzothiazole | FL/FR |
| furfuryl thioacetate | FL/FR |
S- | furfuryl thioformate | FL/FR |
tobacco |
(E,E/E,Z)- | tobacco cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
tonka |
6- | amyl-alpha-pyrone | FL/FR |
| whiskey lactone | FL/FR |
tropical |
delta- | dodecalactone | FL/FR |
| mesityl oxide | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol | FL/FR |
woody |
4- | hydroxybenzaldehyde | FL/FR |
| sandalwood oil | FL/FR |
| santalyl acetate | FL/FR |
| santalyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| vetiver oil haiti | FL/FR |
|
For Flavor |
|
No flavor group found for these |
| acetyl acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal | FL |
2- | acetyl-1-pyrroline | FL |
2- | acetyl-2-pyrroline | |
(E)- | aconitic acid | FL |
| bornyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| butyramide | FL |
| chocolate pyrazine A | FL/FR |
| chocolate pyrazine B | FL |
| coconut naphthalenone | FL/FR |
| coumane | FL/FR |
| cyclohexyl methyl pyrazine | FL |
2,5- | diethyl thiazole | FL |
2,5- | diethyl-4-methyl thiazole | FL |
6,7- | dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-5H-cyclopentapyrazine | FL |
6,7- | dimethyl dihydrocyclopentapyrazine | FL |
| dimethyl dihydrocyclopentapyrazine | FL |
2,5- | dimethyl thiazole | FL |
2- | ethoxy-3-isopropyl pyrazine | FL |
| ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
2- | ethyl thiazole | FL |
2- | ethyl-3-methoxypyrazine | FL/FR |
(Z+E)-5- | ethyl-4-methyl-2-(2-butyl) thiazoline | FL |
(Z+E)-5- | ethyl-4-methyl-2-(2-methyl propyl) thiazoline | FL |
(E)- | filbertone | FL/FR |
3-(2- | furyl) acrolein | FL/FR |
2,4- | heptadien-1-ol | FL |
(E,E)-2,4- | heptadien-1-ol | FL |
2- | hexyl-5 or 6-keto-1,4-dioxane | FL |
2- | methoxypyrazine | FL/FR |
| methyl 2-(methyl thio) acetate | FL |
4- | methyl-1-pentanol | FL |
2- | methyl-2-thiazoline | FL |
2- | methyl-3-,5 or 6-(furfuryl thio) pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-3-(methyl thio) pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-3-ethoxypyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-5-ethoxypyrazine | FL |
2- | methyl-6-ethoxypyrazine | FL |
(Z)-3- | octen-2-one | FL/FR |
| peanut dithiazine | FL |
3- | pentanol | FL |
2- | propyl pyridine | FL |
| pyrazines mixture | FL |
| pyrazinyl methyl sulfide | FL |
| pyrrole | FL |
para- | salicylic acid | FL |
| santalyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| sulfuryl butyrate | FL/FR |
| sulfuryl decanoate | FL/FR |
| sulfuryl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| sulfuryl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| thiazole | FL |
| valeraldehyde propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
ortho- | vinyl anisole | FL |
|
5- | acetyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazine | FL |
| sulfuryl formate | FL |
| sulfuryl octanoate | FL/FR |
| sulfuryl propionate | FL/FR |
| valeraldehyde dibutyl acetal | FL/FR |
alcoholic |
| propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
aldehydic |
| nonanal (aldehyde C-9) | FL/FR |
alliaceous |
2- | methyl thioacetaldehyde | FL |
| tropical thiazole | FL/FR |
anisic |
ortho- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
apple |
(E,Z)-2,6- | nonadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
balsamic |
(E)- | benzyl tiglate | FL/FR |
bitter |
| cocoa pyrazines base (mixture of pyrazines) | FL |
| methyl ethoxypyrazine | FL |
| paullinia cupana seed extract | FL |
bready |
| bread crust distillate | FL |
2- | propionyl thiazole | FL |
brown |
| furfural | FL/FR |
1- | hydroxy-2-butanone | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate | FL/FR |
burnt |
2- | methyl quinoxaline | FL |
iso | propenyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2,4,5- | trimethyl oxazole | FL/FR |
buttery |
| butyroin | FL |
3,4- | hexane dione | FL/FR |
camphoreous |
ortho- | methyl anisole | FL/FR |
caramellic |
| cyclotene | FL/FR |
| fenugreek absolute | FL/FR |
cocoa |
| cocoa distillates | FL |
| cocoa hexenal | FL/FR |
coconut |
delta- | decalactone | FL/FR |
coffee |
| cichorium intybus root extract | FL/FR |
| coffea arabica seed extract | FL/FR |
| coffee distillates | FL |
| difurfuryl ether | FL |
2- | ethyl-4-methyl thiazole | FL/FR |
| furfuryl mercaptan | FL/FR |
2-iso | propyl pyrazine | FL |
corn |
2- | acetyl pyridine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl thiazole | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-2-thiazoline | FL |
| popcorn pyrimidine | FL/FR |
creamy |
| acetyl butyryl | FL/FR |
6- | amyl-alpha-pyrone | FL/FR |
alpha- | angelica lactone | FL/FR |
delta- | dodecalactone | FL/FR |
4- | hydroxybenzaldehyde | FL/FR |
gamma- | undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
dairy |
| butyl lactate | FL/FR |
2- | pentyl acetate | FL/FR |
earthy |
2- | methyl-3-propyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| tamarind distillates | FL |
ethereal |
| allyl 2-ethyl butyrate | FL/FR |
fatty |
| coconut absolute | FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,4- | decadienal | FL |
2- | heptyl furan | FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,4- | nonadienal | FL |
fishy |
4,5- | dimethyl thiazole | FL |
floral |
| cocoa pentenal | FL/FR |
fruity |
| benzaldehyde | FL/FR |
| benzyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| bread thiophene | FL/FR |
| ethyl (Z)-4-heptenoate | FL/FR |
2,4- | hexadien-1-ol | FL |
| lilac acetaldehyde | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | methyl sorbate | FL |
| methyl valerate | FL/FR |
3- | methyl-2-butenal | FL/FR |
| propyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| styralyl acetate | FL/FR |
| tiglaldehyde | FL/FR |
| valeriana officinalis root extract | FL/FR |
fusel |
2- | methyl butyraldehyde | FL/FR |
green |
| benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| celery distillates | FL |
| cocoa butenal | FL/FR |
| dihydroxyacetophenone (mixed isomers) | FL |
2,5- | dimethyl thiophene | FL |
2- | hexyl pyridine | FL |
| methyl heptenone | FL/FR |
4- | methyl thiazole | FL |
2- | methyl-5-isopropyl pyrazine | FL |
(E,Z)-2,6- | nonadien-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
2- | propyl pyrazine | FL |
| propylene glycol acetone ketal | FL |
2- | vinyl pyrazine | FL |
herbal |
| apium graveolens seed extract | FL/FR |
jammy |
| ethyl cyclopentenolone | FL/FR |
lactonic |
gamma- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
gamma- | octalactone | FL/FR |
meaty |
| benzothiazole | FL/FR |
2,6- | dimethyl thiophenol | FL |
| sulfurol | FL/FR |
metallic |
2,5- | dihydroxy-1,4-dithiane | FL |
moldy |
| strawberry furanone methyl ether | FL/FR |
mushroom |
3- | octen-2-ol | FL/FR |
musty |
2,5- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | ethoxythiazole | FL |
| hazelnut pyrazine | FL/FR |
| menthofuran | FL/FR |
3- | octanol | FL/FR |
| propionaldehyde | FL |
| shoyu pyrazine | FL/FR |
2,3,5- | trimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
naphthyl |
para- | methyl anisole | FL/FR |
nutty |
| acetal | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl furan | FL/FR |
3- | acetyl pyridine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl pyrrole | FL/FR |
3- | acetyl-2,5-dimethyl furan | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-3-ethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-3-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-3,5-dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-5-methyl furan | FL/FR |
2- | butyl-2-butenal | FL |
3,5- | cocoa pyrazine | FL/FR |
3,6- | cocoa pyrazine | FL/FR |
3,5(6)- | cocoa pyrazine | FL |
| coffee furanone | FL/FR |
3,5- | diethyl-2-methyl pyrazine | FL |
2,5- | diethyl-3-methyl pyrazine | FL |
2,3- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
4,5- | dimethyl-2-ethyl-3-thiazoline | FL/FR |
2,4- | dimethyl-5-vinyl thiazole | FL |
2- | ethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
1- | ethyl-2-acetyl pyrrole | FL |
| filbert heptenone | FL/FR |
| filbert heptenone B | FL/FR |
| filbert pyrazine | FL/FR |
european | hazelnut oleoresin | FL |
2,6- | lutidine | FL/FR |
2- | methoxy-3-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| methoxymethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
5- | methyl quinoxaline | FL/FR |
2- | methyl thio-3,5 or 6-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| nutty cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
| nutty quinoxaline | FL/FR |
| nutty thiazole | FL |
| peanut oxazole | FL |
| sesame absolute | FL/FR |
| sesame distillates | FL |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol | FL/FR |
2,3,5,6- | tetramethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
(E,E/E,Z)- | tobacco cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
2,4,5- | trimethyl thiazole | FL/FR |
| vinyl sulfurol | FL/FR |
phenolic |
2- | hydroxyisophorone | FL |
popcorn |
2- | propionyl-2-thiazoline | FL |
potato |
| mesityl oxide | FL/FR |
roasted |
2- | acetyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-(furfuryl thio) propionate | FL |
| furfuryl thioacetate | FL/FR |
smoky |
| prosopis juliflora wood extract | FL |
solvent |
1- | heptanol | FL/FR |
spicy |
para-alpha- | dimethyl styrene | FL/FR |
| hawthorn carbinol | FL/FR |
sulfurous |
S- | furfuryl thioformate | FL/FR |
sweet |
2- | acetyl-3-methyl thiophene | FL |
toasted |
| acetyl propionyl | FL/FR |
vegetable |
2-sec- | butyl-3-methoxypyrazine | FL/FR |
waxy |
para- | cresyl laurate | FL/FR |
winey |
iso | amyl nonanoate | FL/FR |
5- | ethyl-2-methyl pyridine | FL |
| valeraldehyde | FL/FR |
woody |
| ambroxan | FL/FR |
| sandalwood oil | FL/FR |
| santalyl acetate | FL/FR |
| vetiver oil haiti | FL/FR |
| whiskey lactone | FL/FR |
|
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| achilleaic acid | | achilleic acid | 2- | carboxy glutaconic acid | 3- | carboxy-2-pentene dioic acid | 3- | carboxy-2-pentenedioic acid | 3- | carboxyglutaconic acid | | citridic acid | | citridinic acid | | equisetic acid | | glutaconic acid, 3-carboxy- | 2- | pentenedioic acid, 3-carboxy- | | prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | 1,2,3- | propene tricarboxylic acid | 1- | propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | 1,2,3- | propenetricarboxylic acid | | pyrocitric acid |
Articles:
PubMed: | Effects of nitrogen treatments and harvesting stages on the aconitic acid, invert sugar and fiber in sweet sorghum cultivars. |
PubMed: | Characterization of taste-active fractions in red wine combining HPLC fractionation, sensory analysis and ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection. |
PubMed: | Metabonomic analysis of the toxic effects of TM208 in rat urine by HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF/MS. |
PubMed: | A HPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based urinary metabolomic approach to identification of potential biomarkers of metabolic syndrome. |
PubMed: | Urinary Loss of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates As Revealed by Metabolomics Studies: An Underlying Mechanism to Reduce Lipid Accretion by Whey Protein Ingestion? |
PubMed: | Hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry for anionic metabolic profiling of urine from antibiotic-treated rats. |
PubMed: | Guidance of growth mode and structural character in organic-inorganic hybrid materials - a comparative study. |
PubMed: | On-line capillary electrophoresis enrichment by combining chitosan trapping with surfactant assisted sample stacking for the ultratrace determination of organic acids in Plateau alfalfa roots. |
PubMed: | Biochemistry of microbial itaconic acid production. |
PubMed: | Different methods of detaching adherent cells significantly affect the detection of TRAIL receptors. |
PubMed: | Anionic metabolic profiling of urine from antibiotic-treated rats by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Antifungal activity of homoaconitate and homoisocitrate analogs. |
PubMed: | Metabolic profiling reveals sphingosine-1-phosphate kinase 2 and lyase as key targets of (phyto-) estrogen action in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and not in MCF-12A. |
PubMed: | Cis-aconitic anhydride ethyl ester and phenolic compounds from the seeds of Alisma orientale. |
PubMed: | Analysis of urinary metabolic signatures of early hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after surgical removal using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Metabolomic profiling of the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease rat model. |
PubMed: | Metabolic profiling and predicting the free radical scavenging activity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves according to harvest time by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. |
PubMed: | [Analysis of transporter function and development to clinical application]. |
PubMed: | Effects of nitrogen treatments and harvesting stages on the aconitic acid, invert sugar and fiber in sweet sorghum cultivars. |
PubMed: | Application of NMR-based metabolomics to the investigation of salt stress in maize (Zea mays). |
PubMed: | Urinary metabonomics study in a rat model in response to protein-energy malnutrition by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | LC-MS analysis of low molecular weight organic acids derived from root exudation. |
PubMed: | Biochemical characterisation of aconitase from Corynebacterium glutamicum. |
PubMed: | Characterization of taste-active fractions in red wine combining HPLC fractionation, sensory analysis and ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection. |
PubMed: | Flavonoid glucuronides and a chromone from the aquatic macrophyte Stratiotes aloides. |
PubMed: | Enhancing itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus. |
PubMed: | [Metabonomic profiling of plasma metabolites in Wistar rats to study the effect of aging by means of GC/TOFMS-based techniques]. |
PubMed: | A novel monoclonal antibody specific to peptide pdnaelvlltlgqawqg. |
PubMed: | Synthesis and properties of polycarboxylate-type green surfactants with S- or N-linkages. |
PubMed: | Biotechnological production of itaconic acid and its biosynthesis in Aspergillus terreus. |
PubMed: | A surface transporter family conveys the trypanosome differentiation signal. |
PubMed: | Microbiology: Signals for change. |
PubMed: | Aconitate and methyl aconitate are modulated by silicon in powdery mildew-infected wheat plants. |
PubMed: | Abnormal tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites in isovaleric acidaemia. |
PubMed: | Preparation and characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody specific to human CAD protein. |
PubMed: | A high-throughput method to measure NaCl and acid taste thresholds in mice. |
PubMed: | Antifeedants of Indian barnyard millet, Echinochloa frumentacea link, against brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). |
PubMed: | Metabolite profiling of blood from individuals undergoing planned myocardial infarction reveals early markers of myocardial injury. |
PubMed: | Cloning and functional characterization of the cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase (CAD) gene from Aspergillus terreus. |
PubMed: | Metabonomic analysis of hepatitis B virus-induced liver failure: identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers by fuzzy support vector machine. |
PubMed: | Tricarballylate catabolism in Salmonella enterica. The TcuB protein uses 4Fe-4S clusters and heme to transfer electrons from FADH2 in the tricarballylate dehydrogenase (TcuA) enzyme to electron acceptors in the cell membrane. |
PubMed: | The three-dimensional crystal structure of the PrpF protein of Shewanella oneidensis complexed with trans-aconitate: insights into its biological function. |
PubMed: | Bacillus decisifrondis sp. nov., isolated from soil underlying decaying leaf foliage. |
PubMed: | [Simultaneous determination of twenty-one organic acids in food by ion chromatography with eluent autogeneration]. |
PubMed: | Isolation, structure determination, and sensory activity of mouth-drying and astringent nitrogen-containing phytochemicals isolated from red currants (Ribes rubrum). |
PubMed: | Detection of new fumonisin mycotoxins and fumonisin-like compounds by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | The FAD-dependent tricarballylate dehydrogenase (TcuA) enzyme of Salmonella enterica converts tricarballylate into cis-aconitate. |
PubMed: | High-speed counter-current chromatography for the study of defense metabolites in wheat. Characterization of 5,6-O-methyl trans-aconitic acid. |
PubMed: | Efficient preparation and improved sensitivity of molecularly imprinted polymers using room temperature ionic liquids. |
PubMed: | Purification and characterization of cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase from Aspergillus terreus TN484-M1. |
PubMed: | Antiproliferative properties of chemically modified recombinant IFN-alpha2b. |
PubMed: | Allelopathic effects of aconitic acid on wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) and morningglory (Ipomoea grandifolia). |
PubMed: | Cold shock and regulation of surface protein trafficking convey sensitization to inducers of stage differentiation in Trypanosoma brucei. |
PubMed: | Chemical interactions of Brachiaria plantaginea with Commelina bengalensis and Acanthospermum hispidum in soybean cropping systems. |
PubMed: | Depressive symptoms and taste reactivity in humans. |
PubMed: | 3-Isopropylmalate is the major endogenous substrate of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae trans-aconitate methyltransferase. |
PubMed: | Basolateral localization of flounder Na+-dicarboxylate cotransporter (fNaDC-3) in the kidney of Pleuronectes americanus. |
PubMed: | Efficient scavenger receptor-mediated hepatic targeting of proteins by introduction of negative charges on the proteins by aconitylation: the influence of charge density and size of the proteins molecules. |
PubMed: | HPMA copolymers with pH-controlled release of doxorubicin: in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity. |
PubMed: | Unexpected anthracycline-mediated alterations in iron-regulatory protein-RNA-binding activity: the iron and copper complexes of anthracyclines decrease RNA-binding activity. |
PubMed: | Massive and selective delivery of lipid-coated cationic lipoplexes of oligonucleotides targeted in vivo to hepatic endothelial cells. |
PubMed: | The influence of charge clustering on the anti-HIV-1 activity and in vivo distribution of negatively charged albumins. |
PubMed: | [Effect of organic acids on soil chemical behavior of lead and cadmium and their toxicity to plants]. |
PubMed: | The methylcitric acid pathway in Ralstonia eutropha: new genes identified involved in propionate metabolism. |
PubMed: | The applicability of rat and human liver slices to the study of mechanisms of hepatic drug uptake. |
PubMed: | [Characteristics of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase functioning in pea leaves during salt stress]. |
PubMed: | Distinct reactions catalyzed by bacterial and yeast trans-aconitate methyltransferases. |
PubMed: | In vitro conversion of propionate to pyruvate by Salmonella enterica enzymes: 2-methylcitrate dehydratase (PrpD) and aconitase Enzymes catalyze the conversion of 2-methylcitrate to 2-methylisocitrate. |
PubMed: | [The use of liposomal form of phenylimide of cis-aconitic acid in herpes therapy]. |
PubMed: | A novel selection regime for differentiation defects demonstrates an essential role for the stumpy form in the life cycle of the African trypanosome. |
PubMed: | The use of transgenic Trypanosoma brucei to identify compounds inducing the differentiation of bloodstream forms to procyclic forms. |
PubMed: | Resistance of the human immunodeficiency virus to the inhibitory action of negatively charged albumins on virus binding to CD4. |
PubMed: | Anti-HIV-1 activity of combinations and covalent conjugates of negatively charged human serum albumins (NCAs) and AZT. |
PubMed: | Molecular mechanisms of the adsorption of a model protein (human serum albumin) on poly(methylidene malonate 2.1.2) nanoparticles. |
PubMed: | Lactoferrin. Antiviral activity of lactoferrin. |
PubMed: | Lectin-mediated drug targeting: preparation, binding characteristics, and antiproliferative activity of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated doxorubicin on Caco-2 cells. |
PubMed: | Citrate promotes attachment of Prevotella nigrescens (intermedia) ATCC 25261 to hydroxyapatite. |
PubMed: | Mild acid stress as a differentiation trigger in Trypanosoma brucei. |
PubMed: | Cell density triggers slender to stumpy differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms in culture. |
PubMed: | Commitment to differentiation and cell cycle re-entry are coincident but separable events in the transformation of African trypanosomes from their bloodstream to their insect form. |
PubMed: | Massive targeting of liposomes, surface-modified with anionized albumins, to hepatic endothelial cells. |
PubMed: | Detection and molecular analysis of plant- and insect-associated bacteria harboring aconitate isomerase involved in biosynthesis of trans-aconitic acid as antifeedant in brown planthoppers. |
PubMed: | Enzymes and symmetrical molecules. |
PubMed: | Fermentation of trans-aconitate via citrate, oxaloacetate, and pyruvate by Acidaminococcus fermentans. |
PubMed: | Antiviral effects of milk proteins: acylation results in polyanionic compounds with potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 in vitro. |
PubMed: | Preliminary determination of a molecular basis of chronic fatigue syndrome. |
PubMed: | Preparation and characterization of conjugates of (modified) human serum albumin and liposomes: drug carriers with an intrinsic anti-HIV activity. |
PubMed: | Comparative pharmacokinetic, immunologic and hematologic studies on the anti-HIV-1/2 compounds aconitylated and succinylated HSA. |
PubMed: | A new patient with alpha-ketoglutaric aciduria and progressive extrapyramidal tract disease. |
PubMed: | Ability of Acidaminococcus fermentans to oxidize trans-aconitate and decrease the accumulation of tricarballylate, a toxic end product of ruminal fermentation. |
PubMed: | Emendation of the description of Acidaminococcus fermentans, a trans-aconitate- and citrate-oxidizing bacterium. |
PubMed: | Kinetics of enzymes with iso-mechanisms: dead-end inhibition of fumarase and carbonic anhydrase II. |
PubMed: | Crystal structures of aconitase with trans-aconitate and nitrocitrate bound. |
PubMed: | Studies on compounds promoting the in vitro transformation of Trypanosoma brucei from bloodstream to procyclic forms. |
PubMed: | Experimental visceral leishmaniasis: role of trans-aconitic acid in combined chemotherapy. |
PubMed: | Altered intracellular polyamines in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei brucei: transformation to procyclic trypomastigotes. |
PubMed: | Novel, negatively charged, human serum albumins display potent and selective in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity. |
PubMed: | Automated docking in crystallography: analysis of the substrates of aconitase. |
PubMed: | Transport of tricarballylate by intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles from steers. |
PubMed: | Immunotargeting of daunomycin to localized and metastatic human colon adenocarcinoma in athymic mice. |
PubMed: | Effects of birth asphyxia on urinary organic acid excretion. |
PubMed: | Phloretin and citrate promote the differentiation rate from epimastigote to metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. |
PubMed: | Alterations in Krebs cycle enzyme activities and carbohydrate catabolism in two strains of Trypanosoma brucei during in vitro differentiation of their bloodstream to procyclic stages. |
PubMed: | Inhibition of protein synthesis results in super-induction of procyclin (PARP) RNA levels. |
PubMed: | Tumor reactive cis-aconitylated monoclonal antibodies coupled to daunorubicin through a peptide spacer are unable to kill tumor cells. |
PubMed: | Daunorubicin coupled to monoclonal antibodies via a cis-aconitic anhydride linker: biochemical and cytotoxic properties revisited. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of antileishmanial activity of trans-aconitic acid. |
PubMed: | Erythrocyte membrane-bound daunorubicin as a delivery system in anticancer treatment. |
PubMed: | Effect of tricarballylic acid, a nonmetabolizable rumen fermentation product of trans-aconitic acid, on Mg, Ca and Zn utilization of rats. |
PubMed: | The arrhythmogenic effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) is inhibited by PAF antagonist and by substances influencing eicosanoids. |
PubMed: | Repression and reactivation of the variant surface glycoprotein gene in Trypanosoma brucei. |
PubMed: | Genetic mapping, distribution, and properties of an aconitase isozyme in Anopheles albimanus (Diptera:Culicidae). |
PubMed: | The effect of citrate/cis-aconitate on oxidative metabolism during transformation of Trypanosoma brucei. |
PubMed: | Trypanosoma brucei: cis-aconitate and temperature reduction as triggers of synchronous transformation of bloodstream to procyclic trypomastigotes in vitro. |
PubMed: | Production of tricarballylic acid by rumen microorganisms and its potential toxicity in ruminant tissue metabolism. |
PubMed: | 17O electron nuclear double resonance characterization of substrate binding to the [4Fe-4S]1+ cluster of reduced active aconitase. |
PubMed: | Trypanosoma brucei: differentiation of in vitro-grown bloodstream trypomastigotes into procyclic forms. |
PubMed: | [Pharmacological effect of the organic acid of Achillea alpina]. |
PubMed: | Enrichment and Isolation of Rumen Bacteria That Reduce trans- Aconitic Acid to Tricarballylic Acid. |
PubMed: | Presence and regulation of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. |
PubMed: | pH profiles and isotope effects for aconitases from Saccharomycopsis lipolytica, beef heart, and beef liver. alpha-Methyl-cis-aconitate and threo-Ds-alpha-methylisocitrate as substrates. |
PubMed: | Mutagenic investigation of flavourings: dimethyl succinate, ethyl pyruvate and aconitic acid are negative in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test. |
PubMed: | Wheat pasture poisoning. I. An evaluation of cereal pastures as related to tetany in beef cows. |
PubMed: | Citrate utilization by Escherichia coli: plasmid- and chromosome-encoded systems. |
PubMed: | Organic acids or urine in multiple sclerosis. |
PubMed: | Fluorometric determination of carbodiimides with trans-aconitic acid. |
PubMed: | The effect of thermal history on the transition temperature of citric acid glass. |
PubMed: | Metabolism of trans-Aconitic Acid in Maize : II. Regulatory Properties of Two Compartmented Forms of Citrate Dehydrase. |
PubMed: | Metabolism of trans-Aconitic Acid in Maize : I. PURIFICATION OF TWO MOLECULAR FORMS OF CITRATE DEHYDRASE. |
PubMed: | Stimulating effect of citrate and cis-Aconitate on the transformation of Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms to procyclic forms in vitro. |
PubMed: | Kinetic studies of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aconitate hydratases from rat liver. |
PubMed: | Structural basis for aconitase activity inactivation by butanedione and binding of substrates and inhibitors. |
PubMed: | cis- and trans-Aconitic acids as inhibitors of glutamate decarboxylase. |
PubMed: | [Oxidation of Krebs cycle substrates by Eurytrema pancreaticum mitochondria]. |
PubMed: | Regulation of citrate synthase in Brevibacterium flavum, a glutamate-producing bacterium. |
PubMed: | The structure and function of ribonuclease T1. XXIII. Inactivation of ribonuclease T1 by reversible blocking of amino groups with cis-aconitic anhydride and related dicarboxylic acid anhydrides. |
PubMed: | Urinary organic acid profiles of Reye's syndrome patients. |
PubMed: | Growth and synthesis of rubratoxin by Penicillium rubrum in a chemically defined medium fortified with organic acids and intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. |
PubMed: | [The identification of cis- and trans-aconitic acid with paper chromatographic methods. 30. The chemistry and physiology of metaboloically, chemically important acids]. |
PubMed: | Gas-liquid chromatography of organic acids in citrus tissues. |
PubMed: | Phthalonic acid, an inhibitor of alpha-oxoglutarate transport in mitochondria. |
PubMed: | Stimulation of citrate oxidation and transport in human placental mitochondria by L-malate. |
PubMed: | Regulation of progesterone biosynthesis in human placental mitochondria by Krebs cycle metabolites. |
PubMed: | Effect of acetic and trans-aconitic acids on citric acid production by Aspergillus niger. |
PubMed: | Inhibition of Mn2+ of citrate supported progesterone biosynthesis in mitochondrial fractions of human term placentae. |
PubMed: | [2 methods of preparing solvent systems for the chromatographic separation of organic acids]. |
PubMed: | Purification and kinetic properties of ATP: citrate oxaloacetate lyase from rat brain. |
PubMed: | [The significance of the cis-aconitic acid for the biological inactivation of the 3,4-benzopyrene cancerogenesis (author's transl)]. |
PubMed: | [Prevention of 3,4-benzpyrene carcinogenesis by naturally occurring and synthetic compounds]. |
PubMed: | Reinforced polycarboxylate cements. |
PubMed: | The mechanism of aconitase action. Evidence for an enzyme isomerization by studies of inhibition by tricarboxylic acids. |
PubMed: | Oxidation, accumulation, and turnover of citrate in normal and diabetic rats. |
PubMed: | [Biochemical characteristics of the facultatively parasitic strain Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus]. |
PubMed: | Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the variable regions of light chains derived from two homogeneous rabbit anti-pneumococcal antibodies. |
PubMed: | Urinary excretion of non-nitrogenous organic acids by healthy infants and children. |
PubMed: | Separation and determination of 14C-labelled intermediates of the citric acid cycle and related compounds. |
PubMed: | Modulation of mitochondrial adenylate kinase by citric-acid-cycle intermediates. |
PubMed: | The magnitude of enzyme transition state analog binding constants. |
PubMed: | Rapid sampling of yeast cells and automated assays of adenylate, citrate, pyruvate and glucose-6-phosphate pools. |
PubMed: | [Physicochemical methods of studying aconitine and the prospects for utilizing them in toxicological analysis]. |
PubMed: | Effects of modifying urea hydrolysis in acute nephrectomy on survival, ammonia in cecal contents and blood metabolites. |
PubMed: | Organic acids and iron translocation in maize genotypes. |
PubMed: | Effects of urea in rats deprived of arginine. |
PubMed: | Transport of tricarboxylic acids in Salmonella typhimurium. |
PubMed: | Fluorocitrate inhibition of aconitate hydratase and the tricarboxylate carrier of rat liver mitochondria. |
PubMed: | Separation of Krebs cycle intermediates on a low-bleed gas chromatographic column. Temperature dependence of methylene unit values. |
PubMed: | Sarcosomal aconitase of silkworm. |
PubMed: | [Effect of organic acids on the activity of malate synthase from Acinetobacter calco-aceticus]. |
PubMed: | The content of trans-aconitic acid in Asarum europaeum L. determined by means of a chromatogram spectrophotometer. |
PubMed: | Colorimetric determination of aconitic acid in Avena sativa (oat). |
PubMed: | alpha-Methyl-cis-aconitic acid. Aconitase substrate. II. Substrate properties and aconitase mechanism. |
PubMed: | Alpha-methyl-cis-aconitic acid, cis-aconitase substrate. I. Synthesis. |
PubMed: | Trans-Aconitic Acid in Range Grasses in Early Spring. |
PubMed: | Isolation of trans-Aconitic Acid from the Moss Mnium affine. |
PubMed: | Triethyl alpha-fluoroaconitate. |
PubMed: | Selective antibacterial activity of aconitic acid. |
PubMed: | [Formation of an ester of aconitic acid during the stabilization of plant material and during the extraction of organic acids by ethyl alcohol]. |
PubMed: | Biosynthesis of itaconic acid in Aspergillus terreus. III. The properties and reaction mechanism of cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase. |
PubMed: | [Colorimetric microdetermination of citric acid and of cis-aconitic acid]. |
PubMed: | Aconitic acid, a by-product in the manufacture of sugar. |
PubMed: | The effect of pH on the stability of cis-aconitic acid in dilute solution. |
PubMed: | Some pharmacological properties of the monoanilide of aconitic acid. |
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