Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | orange yellow clear liquid (est) |
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 0.91100 to 0.91800 @ 25.00 °C.
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Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 7.580 to 7.639
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Refractive Index: | 1.48900 to 1.51000 @ 20.00 °C.
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Boiling Point: | 190.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Flash Point: | 140.00 °F. TCC ( 60.00 °C. )
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Shelf Life: | 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 437.4 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Insoluble in: |
| water |
Organoleptic Properties:
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Odor Type: herbal |
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Odor Strength: | high , recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less |
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Substantivity: | 172 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
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| herbal spicy phenolic camphoreous medicinal aromatic terpenic |
Odor Description: at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. | herbal spicy phenolic camphoreous medicinal aromatic terpenic Luebke, William tgsc, (1989) |
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Flavor Type: herbal |
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| herbal medicinal camphoreous aromatic phenolic spicy soapy |
Taste Description:
| herbal medicinal camphoreous aromatic phenolic spicy soapy Luebke, William tgsc, (1989) |
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Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View |
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | Xn - Harmful. |
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed. R 34 - Causes burns. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 28 - After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S 45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately.
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Human Experience: |
8 % solution: no irritation or sensitization. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 2840 mg/kg Pharmazie. Vol. 14, Pg. 435, 1959.
unreported-mouse LD50 1250 mg/kg Pharmazie. Vol. 11, Pg. 628, 1956.
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Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 1003, 1974.
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only) |
(E)-2-hexen-1-al | Max. Found: trace to <0.10 % and Reason: Sensitization |
eugenol | Max. Found: 0.1 % and Reason: Sensitization |
geraniol | Max. Found: 0.1 % and Reason: Sensitization |
methyl eugenol | Max. Found: 0.03 % and Reason: Sensitization |
Recommendation for red thyme oil india usage levels up to: | | 2.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
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Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | 1.50000 | 5.30000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | 100.00000 |
condiments / relishes: | - | 18.00000 |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | 20.00000 |
fruit ices: | - | 20.00000 |
gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | 1.00000 | 15.00000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | 33.00000 |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | 0.13000 |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| thyme oil morocco | | thyme oil red FCC | | thyme oil thymol type organic | | thyme oil, red | | thyme red essential oil | red | thymus vulgaris oil india |
Articles:
PubMed: | Antimicrobial effect against different bacterial strains and bacterial adaptation to essential oils used as feed additives. |
J-Stage: | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils from Five Selected Herbs |
PubMed: | Characterization of Essential Oil Components from Aromatic Plants that Grow Wild in the "Piana del Sele" (Salerno, Southern Italy) using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Comparative inhibitory effects of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and mesophilic starter co-culture in cheese-mimicking models. |
PubMed: | In vitro activity of essential oils extracted from condiments against fluconazole-resistant and -sensitive Candida glabrata. |
PubMed: | Antifungal Effect of Essential Oils against Fusarium Keratitis Isolates. |
PubMed: | Studies on Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Five Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oils. |
PubMed: | Alternative treatment of vaginal infections - in vitro antimicrobial and toxic effects of Coriandrum sativum L. and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils. |
PubMed: | Analysis and evaluation of antibacterial effects of new herbal formulas, AP-001 and AP-002, against Escherichia coli O157:H7. |
PubMed: | The influence of purge times on the yields of essential oil components extracted from plants by pressurized liquid extraction. |
PubMed: | Modulatory effects of thymol and carvacrol on inflammatory transcription factors in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. |
PubMed: | An investigation of the bactericidal activity of selected essential oils to Aeromonas spp. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and chemical characterization of essential oils of Thymusvulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Origanum majorana from northeastern México. |
PubMed: | Antifungal activity of various essential oils against Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina as major bean pathogens. |
PubMed: | Enhancing stability of essential oils by microencapsulation for preservation of button mushroom during postharvest. |
PubMed: | Antifungal properties and inhibitory effects upon aflatoxin production of Thymus vulgaris L. by Aspergillus flavus Link. |
PubMed: | Extraction of thymol from different varieties of thyme plants using green solvents. |
PubMed: | Growth performance and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles fed diets supplemented with sage, mint and thyme oils. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare on phytopathogenic strains isolated from soybean. |
PubMed: | Thymus vulgaris essential oil and thymol against Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler: effects on growth, viability, early infection and cellular mode of action. |
PubMed: | Carum copticum and Thymus vulgaris oils inhibit virulence in Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus spp. |
PubMed: | Short communication: an in vitro assessment of the antibacterial activity of plant-derived oils. |
PubMed: | Effects of thyme as a feed additive in broiler chickens on thymol in gut contents, blood plasma, liver and muscle. |
PubMed: | Does antioxidant properties of the main component of essential oil reflect its antioxidant properties? The comparison of antioxidant properties of essential oils and their main components. |
PubMed: | Antibacterial activity against Clostridium genus and antiradical activity of the essential oils from different origin. |
PubMed: | Comparative effect of thymus vulgaris and ibuprofen on primary dysmenorrhea: A triple-blind clinical study. |
PubMed: | Activity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil against Anisakis larvae. |
PubMed: | Impact of shortwave ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation on the antioxidant activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). |
PubMed: | Unravelling the complex antimicrobial interactions of essential oils--the case of Thymus vulgaris (thyme). |
PubMed: | Hepatoprotective Effect of Pretreatment with Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil in Experimental Model of Acetaminophen-Induced Injury. |
PubMed: | Prospective evaluation of potential toxicity of repeated doses of Thymus vulgaris L. extracts in rats by means of clinical chemistry, histopathology and NMR-based metabonomic approach. |
PubMed: | Prolonging storage time of baby ginger by using a sand-based storage medium and essential oil treatment. |
PubMed: | Effect of thyme essential oil and selenium on intestine integrity and antioxidant status of broilers. |
PubMed: | Thymus vulgaris essential oil: chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. |
PubMed: | Reduction of Aeromonas hidrophyla biofilm on stainless stell surface by essential oils. |
PubMed: | The effect of vacuum packaging, EDTA, oregano and thyme oils on the microbiological quality of chicken's breast. |
PubMed: | Lethal and sublethal effects of four essential oils on the egg parasitoids Trissolcus basalis. |
PubMed: | Efficacy of plant essential oils on postharvest control of rots caused by fungi on different stone fruits in vivo. |
PubMed: | The enhancement of antioxidant compounds extracted from Thymus vulgaris using enzymes and the effect of extracting solvent. |
PubMed: | Stereochemical mechanism of two sabinene hydrate synthases forming antipodal monoterpenes in thyme (Thymus vulgaris). |
PubMed: | Evaluation of the control ability of five essential oils against Aspergillus section Nigri growth and ochratoxin A accumulation in peanut meal extract agar conditioned at different water activities levels. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition, olfactory analysis and antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris chemotypes geraniol, 4-thujanol/terpinen-4-ol, thymol and linalool cultivated in southern France. |
PubMed: | Extraction of volatile oil from aromatic plants with supercritical carbon dioxide: experiments and modeling. |
PubMed: | Repellency of essential oils to Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as affected by type of oil and polymer release. |
PubMed: | Effects of Thymol and Carvacrol, Constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil, on the Inflammatory Response. |
PubMed: | The effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oils on Brochothrix thermosphacta and on the shelf life of beef packaged in high-oxygen modified atmosphere. |
PubMed: | Antioxidative effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) in sunflower oil. |
PubMed: | Effects of Thyme Extract Oils (from Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis, and Thymus hyemalis) on Cytokine Production and Gene Expression of oxLDL-Stimulated THP-1-Macrophages. |
PubMed: | In vitro inhibitory activity of essential oil vapors against Ascosphaera apis. |
PubMed: | Bioassay-guided fractionation of a thymol-deprived hydrophilic thyme extract and its antispasmodic effect. |
PubMed: | In vitro control of post-harvest fruit rot fungi by some plant essential oil components. |
PubMed: | Investigation of the chemical composition-antibacterial activity relationship of essential oils by chemometric methods. |
PubMed: | [Extraction and analysis of chemical components of essential oil in Thymus vulgaris of tissue culture]. |
PubMed: | An investigation on characteristics of rainbow trout coated using chitosan assisted with thyme essential oil. |
PubMed: | Antifungal activity of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its constituent phytochemicals against Rhizopus oryzae: interaction with ergosterol. |
PubMed: | [Sensitivity assessment of thyme and lavender essential oils against clinical strains of Escherichia coli for their resistance]. |
PubMed: | The antimicrobial activity of thyme essential oil against multidrug resistant clinical bacterial strains. |
PubMed: | In vitro effects of some herbs used in Egyptian traditional medicine on viability of protoscolices of hydatid cysts. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils from five selected herbs. |
PubMed: | Antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of some commercial essential oils and their major compounds. |
PubMed: | Seasonal variation in essential oil yield and composition from Thymus vulgaris L. during different growth stages in the south of Jordan. |
PubMed: | Chemical characterization (GC/MS and NMR Fingerprinting) and bioactivities of South-African Pelargonium capitatum (L.) L' Her. (Geraniaceae) essential oil. |
PubMed: | Antioxidant properties of Thymus vulgaris oil against aflatoxin-induce oxidative stress in male rats. |
PubMed: | Composition and biological activity of essential oils from Labiatae against Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) soybean pest. |
PubMed: | Anticandida activity of the marketed essential oil of Thymus vulgaris L and its concomitant action with amphotericin B. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of commercial essential oil samples on the growth of postharvest pathogen Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey. |
PubMed: | Cytotoxicity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil towards human oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. |
PubMed: | Antibacterial effects of the essential oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model. |
PubMed: | A validated high performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of thymol and carvacrol in Thymus vulgaris L. volatile oil. |
PubMed: | Herbicidal activity of volatiles from coriander, winter savory, cotton lavender, and thyme isolated by hydrodistillation and supercritical fluid extraction. |
PubMed: | An attempt of postharvest orange fruit rot control using essential oils from Mediterranean plants. |
PubMed: | Biodegradable gelatin-chitosan films incorporated with essential oils as antimicrobial agents for fish preservation. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition and antioxidant and anti-Listeria activities of essential oils obtained from some Egyptian plants. |
PubMed: | Activities of ten essential oils towards Propionibacterium acnes and PC-3, A-549 and MCF-7 cancer cells. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of the toxicity of 17 essential oils against Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). |
PubMed: | Composition and antioxidant activity of Thymus vulgaris volatiles: comparison between supercritical fluid extraction and hydrodistillation. |
PubMed: | Effect of Enterococcus faecium AL41 and Thymus vulgaris essential oil on small intestine integrity and antioxidative status of laying hens. |
PubMed: | Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) in chromatographic analysis of essential oils in herbs. |
PubMed: | Mosquitocidal activities of thyme oils (Thymus vulgaris L.) against Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). |
PubMed: | Static and dynamic superheated water extraction of essential oil components from Thymus vulgaris L. |
PubMed: | Intraplantar injection of bergamot essential oil into the mouse hindpaw: effects on capsaicin-induced nociceptive behaviors. |
PubMed: | Antibacterial effect of essential oils from two medicinal plants against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). |
PubMed: | Additive antimicrobial [corrected] effects of the active components of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris--chemotype carvacrol. |
PubMed: | The antimicrobial activity of four commercial essential oils in combination with conventional antimicrobials. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species and their antifungal activities. |
PubMed: | In vitro activity of essential oils extracted from plants used as spices against fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible Candida spp. |
PubMed: | Inhibitory effects of Iranian Thymus vulgaris extracts on in vitro growth of Entamoeba histolytica. |
PubMed: | Comparison of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation withthe traditional hydrodistillation method in the extractionof essential oils from Thymus vulgaris L. |
PubMed: | Antioxidative properties of Thymus vulgaris leaves: comparison of different extracts and essential oil chemotypes. |
PubMed: | Application of PLE for the determination of essential oil components from Thymus vulgaris L. |
PubMed: | Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris L. and thymol on experimentally induced dermatomycoses. |
PubMed: | Antibacterial efficiency of Spanish Satureja montana essential oil against Listeria monocytogenes among natural flora in minced pork. |
PubMed: | Acaricidal activity of Thymus vulgaris oil and its main components against Tyrophagus putrescentiae, a stored food mite. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of antibacterial activity of selected Iranian essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in nutrient broth medium. |
PubMed: | Nematicidal and Propagation Activities of Thyme Red and White Oil Compounds toward Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae). |
PubMed: | Comparison of different extraction methods for the determination of essential oils and related compounds from aromatic plants and optimization of solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography. |
PubMed: | Antifungal activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil and thymol against moulds from damp dwellings. |
PubMed: | In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties of thymol, carvacrol and their derivatives thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone. |
PubMed: | [Inhibition of Paenibacillus larvae employing a mixture of essential oils and thymol]. |
PubMed: | Effect of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oils on Trypanosoma cruzi (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) growth and ultrastructure. |
PubMed: | Deuterium/hydrogen ratio analysis of thymol, carvacrol, gamma-terpinene and p-cymene in thyme, savory and oregano essential oils by gas chromatography-pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial effects of selected plant essential oils on the growth of a Pseudomonas putida strain isolated from meat. |
PubMed: | Testing of the palatability of Thymus vulgaris L. and Origanum vulgare L. as flavouring feed additive for weaner pigs on the basis of a choice experiment. |
PubMed: | Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some lamiaceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils. |
PubMed: | Effects of Thymus vulgaris L. as feed additive in piglets and against haemolytic E. coli in vitro. |
PubMed: | Volatile components and key odorants of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil extracts obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. |
PubMed: | Monoterpenes from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) as potential mosquito repellents. |
PubMed: | Antifungal effect of various essential oils against Candida albicans. Potentiation of antifungal action of amphotericin B by essential oil from Thymus vulgaris. |
PubMed: | RP-HPLC analysis of the phenolic compounds of plant extracts. investigation of their antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial activity of five essential oils against origin strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family. |
PubMed: | Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: comparison with conventional hydro-distillation. |
PubMed: | Do co-occurring plant species adapt to one another? The response of Bromus erectus to the presence of different Thymus vulgaris chemotypes. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of five essential oils from aromatic plants of Cameroon for controlling food spoilage and mycotoxin producing fungi. |
PubMed: | Effects of the inclusion of Thymus vulgaris L. oil in diets with and without enzymes, on nutrient digestibility in broilers. |
PubMed: | Composition and functional properties of the essential oil of amazonian basil, Ocimum micranthum Willd., Labiatae in comparison with commercial essential oils. |
PubMed: | Influence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition of thyme (Thymus vulgaris). |
PubMed: | [Anti-Candida albicans activity of essential oils including Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil and its component, citral]. |
PubMed: | Essential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors. |
PubMed: | Qualitative and quantitative variation in monoterpene co-occurrence and composition in the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris chemotypes. |
PubMed: | Antibacterial activity of selected plant essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7. |
PubMed: | Repellent activities of essential oils and monoterpenes against Culex pipiens pallens. |
PubMed: | GC/MS evaluation of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil composition and variations during the vegetative cycle. |
PubMed: | Antioxidant activity of chemical components from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) measured by the oil stability index method. |
PubMed: | Correlation between the chemical and genetic relationships among commercial thyme cultivars. |
PubMed: | Acute, sublethal, antifeedant, and synergistic effects of monoterpenoid essential oil compounds on the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lep., Noctuidae). |
PubMed: | GC-MS analysis of essential oils from some Greek aromatic plants and their fungitoxicity on Penicillium digitatum. |
PubMed: | In vitro effect of essential oils and isolated mono- and sesquiterpenes on Leishmania major and Trypanosoma brucei. |
PubMed: | Dietary supplementation of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil during the lifetime of the rat: its effects on the antioxidant status in liver, kidney and heart tissues. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L. measured using a bioimpedometric method. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of the preservative properties of Thymus vulgaris essential oil in topically applied formulations under a challenge test. |
PubMed: | The effect of the volatile oils of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Thymus vulgaris against the larvae of Lucilia sericata (Meigen). |
PubMed: | [Systemic emulsions. 2. Use of different methods of formulation: the effect of essential oils of thyme on stability]. |
PubMed: | Studies on the genotoxic properties of essential oils with Bacillus subtilis rec-assay and Salmonella/microsome reversion assay. |
PubMed: | [Antibacterial action of essential oils extracted from Madagascar plants]. |
PubMed: | [Composition of volatile oil from Thymus vulgaris and Thumus marshallianus depending on age of leaves and seasons]. |
PubMed: | [Studies on the variability of content and composition of volatile oil in leaf- and herb-drugs of Thymus vulgaris L]. |
PubMed: | [Effects of fading on the yield, the main components and the physicochemical properties of the volatile oil from Thymus vulgaris L. II]. |
PubMed: | [EFFECT OF WILTING ON THE YIELD, CONTENT AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STABILITY OF THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF THE OIL OF THYMUS VULGARIS L]. |
PubMed: | [The decrease in oil content in the dead leaves of Thymus vulgaris]. |
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