bergamot oil
volatile oil obtained from the peel of citrus aurantium bergamia, rutaceae
 
Notes:
This oil should not be used anywhere on the body because of its phototoxic effects. from citrus bergamia; used in perfume; some of its constituents contribute to its photosensitization. tsca definition 2008: extractives and their physically modified derivatives. citrus bergamia, citrus.
  • Augustus Oils
    • Augustus Oils Ltd
      The Premier Supplier
      Augustus Oils Ltd, in harmony with nature - to present it at its best...
      A wealth of experience, expertise and knowledge has allowed Augustus to bridge the gulf in expectation and trust between growers and users of natural ingredients. The Company works in partnership with customers on the one hand, and growers, farmers and distillers on the other. Both users and producers can then focus on exactly what they do best, while skilled Augustus technicians closely monitor and control the delivered product. This ensures users can have the confidence that they will receive the best raw materials suited to their requirements.
      Email: Enquiries
      Email: Sales
      Email: web site enquiries
      Voice: +44 (0)1420 590555
      Fax: +44 (0)1420 592420
      Services
      Product(s):
      Bergamot Essential Oil
      Bergamot Aromatherapy Oil
       
  • Berjé
    • Berje Inc.
      Where the world comes to its senses
      Where the world comes to its senses - Berjé is a global distributor of Essential Oils and Aromatic Chemicals.
      Berjé is a family-owned business that has been in operation for six decades. The company's origins and strength lie in a profound understanding of the supply and the quality of the diverse raw materials consumed by the flavor and fragrance industries. This base was expanded upon more than two decades ago to include fragrance production. The company's unparalleled raw material expertise is focused on the supply of essential oils and aromatic chemicals. This is supported by our long-standing relationships with a worldwide fabric of producers ensuring the greatest prospects for uninterrupted supply in markets that are often volatile and unpredictable.
      Email: For Information
      Email: For Sales
      Voice: 973-748-8980
      Fax: 973-680-9618
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      Fragrance Ingredients
      Functional Ingredients
      Media
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      Product(s):
      bergamot oil
      Organic Bergamot Oil Distilled
      Organic Bergamot Oil Cp
       
  • Bontoux
    • Bontoux SAS
      Major international supplier
      Major international Producer of aromatic ingredients for the production of fragrances, flavors, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and Aromatherapy.
      Bontoux Inc. was established in 1993 to directly service our North American clientele. The facility primarily serves as a Sales Customer Service, Repacking and Distribution Center for our customers in North America.
      Email: Information
      US Email: Information
      Email: Sales
      US Email: Sales
      Voice: + 33.(0)4.75.28.64.64
      Fax: + 33.(0)4.75.28.60.32
      US Voice: + 1.908.755.4800
      US Fax: + 1.908.755.4844
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      Product(s):
      BERGAMOT ESSENTIAL OIL
       
  • ECSA Chemicals
    • ECSA Chemicals
      Human Chemistry
      ECSA Chemicals has been active since 1913 in the trading and international commerce of raw materials. With an organisation divided into industrial segments managed by specialists, it has become one of the largest distributors worldwide.
      ECSA Chemicals is the largest Swiss-owned company in terms of warehouses for the distribution of chemical products. We have been distributing chemical products for over 100 years and we have a special interest in protecting the environment and in the safety of our facilities and collaborators.
      Established in 1913 as a small grocery store, in its over 100 years of activity ECSA Chemicals has become one of the most important Swiss-owned distributors of chemical products. The company, which is active in international distribution and trading, is organised into industrial segments that are managed by teams of specialists and experts. They guarantee professional and customised consultancy and services. With our experience, we can rapidly and safely connect you with the best suppliers on the market, providing you with a complete search, consulting and assistance service. The focus of our approach and operations is you, our customers. We strive every day to find the best products that satisfy your needs as quickly as possible. Your satisfaction is our greatest success. WHY CHOOSE ECSA? EXPERIENCE We have been working for 100 years. QUALITY We have obtained many certifications (ISO, SQAS, GDP, Responsible Care, Bio-Inspecta, RSPO, etc.). We guarantee full compliance with the current laws and continuous training for our staff. SAFETY We constantly carry out risk analyses for each infrastructure, defining safety levels and implementing corrective measures promptly wherever they are needed. WIDESPREAD DISTRIBUTION We have warehouses in strategic locations to supply goods to Switzerland and to the rest of the world. STORAGE CAPACITY The 3 ECSA-owned warehouses guarantee considerable storage area and capacity in each warehouse, with full availability of products (base chemicals and speciality chemicals). SPEED Presence all over the country, staff dedicated to sourcing raw materials and considerable storage capacity guarantee that goods are rapidly obtained and supplied. CONSULTANCY Our specialists - in-depth knowledge of the market and products allows us to provide full consulting services, from the purchase to the supply of raw materials.
      Email: Info
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      Voice: +41 91 695 88 00
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      ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY
      Products List: View
      Product(s):
      MP-033472 BERGAMOT OIL (ITALY)
       
  • Fleurchem
    • Fleurchem, Inc.
      Have A Flavorful Day
      A leading global manufacturer and supplier of ingredients for Flavors, Fragrances, AromaTherapy, Foods, Beverages, Personal Care Products, and other uses.
      Operating out of the 200,000 sq. ft., former Hercules/PFW facility in Middletown, NY; Fleurchem produces a full range of natural isolates, synthetic chemicals & specialities, essential oils and flavors. Additionally, the company performs toll manufacturing, as well as custom chemical synthesis for a wide range of clients.
      Email: Information
      US Voice: 845-341-2100
      US Fax: 845-341-2121
      Product(s):
      bergamot oil
       
  • Glentham Life Sciences
  • Global Essence
    • Global Essence Inc.
      Preferred Partner
      Accommodate each customers unique needs.
      Global Essence was founded in 1993 as a two person operation servicing regional customers in the New York/ New Jersey area. In the twenty years since, it has grown into a multinational operation with offices in the US, UK, and Singapore. These offices allow Global to provide regional support to its customers worldwide. As the world continues become more connected, this approach positions Global to continue to offer the highest quality products and experience to all of its customers.
      Email: Info
      US Email: Info
      Voice: +44 (0) 1279 876666
      Fax: +44 (0)1279 876646
      US Voice: 001 732 677 1100
      US Fax: 001 732 677 1107
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      Product(s):
      Bergamot Oil (Many Varieties Available)
       
  • Lluch Essence
    • Lluch Essence S.L.
      A family company dedicated to sales and distribution
      Flexibility, availability, price and quality.
      Flexibility, availability, price and quality make LLUCH ESSENCE S.L. one of Europe’s references when it comes to essential oils and aroma chemicals, and it is now well known all around the world.
      Email: Info
      Voice: 34 93 379 38 49
      Fax: 34 93 370 65 04
      Linkedin
      Product(s):
      BERGAMOT ITALY ORGANIC ESS. OIL
       
  • Moellhausen
  • Pell Wall Perfumes
    • Pell Wall Perfumes
      Hand-made fragrances
      Pell Wall maintains a broad palette of ingredients & in order to keep stocks fresh & the options wide we also sell from our own stock.
      Pell Wall was founded by perfumer Chris Bartlett to provide exclusive hand-made fragrances to a select few people who love them. All our products are created using fine quality ingredients, many of which we also offer for sale to other perfumers and enthusiasts. Pell Wall make fragrances for men, for women and for the home.
      Email: Info
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      Voice: +44 (0) 20 3745 0887
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      Product(s):
      Bergamot
       
  • Penta International
    • Penta International Corporation
      Chemistry innovation
      At Penta, our products and services help businesses do business better.
      For over 30 years, Penta Manufacturing Company has played a growing role in worldwide chemistry innovations and applications. As an industry leader, Penta continues to pioneer chemistry-based solutions for practically every area of commerce. Our products and expertise have helped fuel technical advances in dozens of commercial applications including flavoring, coloring, fragrances and chemical processes.
      US Email: Technical Services
      US Email: Sales
      US Voice: (973) 740-2300
      US Fax: (973) 740-1839
      Product(s):
      02-28800 BERGAMOT OIL
       
  • PerfumersWorld
    • PerfumersWorld Ltd.
      feeeel... the smell!
      The one-stop resource for the creative perfumer.
      No minimum orders. Aroma chemicals, essential oils, isolates, pheremones, absolutes, resinoids, FleuressenceTM key bases, PWx FactorTM, solubilizers, kits, creation systems, workshops, training, distance learning, The PerfumersWorld Perfumer's Studio, The Perfumer’s Formulation Bulletin, perfumery software, bespoke creation, analysis, consultancy, project counselling, trouble-shooting, unperfumed product bases, bottles, smelling strips, scales, distillation, equipment and inspiration!
      Email: Enquiries
      Email: Sales
      Voice: +66(0)2-99-800-80
      Fax: +66(0)2-99-800-80
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      Software: Perfumer's Workbook
      Product(s):
      7CL00061 Bergamot Oil
      Blends-well-with - Most oils very well with Geranium Lavender Ylang Ylang
       
       
  • Robertet
    • Robertet, Inc.
      HOME OF NATURE, SEED TO SCENT
      HOME OF NATURE – natural ingredients from the source.
      Robertet is a leader in the production of natural ingredients with facilities in France, Bulgaria, Turkey, South Africa, India, China, New Caledonia, ... Founded in 1850, Robertet remains a family owned business (5th Generation) and one of the largest producers of aromatic extracts. Brand acquisitions include: Charabot, Sapad, Hitex.
      US Email: Customer service
      US Email: Arnaud Adrian
      Email: Flavor:
      Email: Fragrance:
      Voice: 33 4 93 40 33 66
      Fax: 33 4 93 70 68 09
      US Voice: +1.201.337.7100
      +1 212 710 4600Robertet New York Creative Center
      +1 212 245 4092Robertet New York Creative Center
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      Seasons and Harvest / Crop calendar
      Product(s):
      103962 BERGAMOT Pur & Nat
       
  • SRS Aromatics
    • SRS Aromatics Ltd
      For over 25 years
      Bringing flavour and fragrance into your world.
      As suppliers / distributors of ingredients to the fragrance and flavour industries, our goal is to provide high quality materials at competitive prices with an exceptional level of service. Established in 1984, SRS Aromatics Ltd is an independent family owned business which has become very well-respected within the fragrance and flavour industry as a reliable and trustworthy partner. Over the years this has allowed the company to develop strong relationships with many global manufacturers; several of whom we represent in the UK. A core aim of our business is to work extremely closely with both our suppliers and customers to maximise service levels with minimum disruption to supply.
      Email: Info
      Email: Sales
      Voice: +44 (0) 1284 704076
      Fax: +44 (0) 1284 760819
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      Product(s):
      BERGAMOT OIL CALABRIAN
       
  • Taytonn ASCC
    • Taytonn ASCC Pte Ltd
      Supplying Asia Pacific
      We fully understand the demands of the F&F industry and we endeavour to supply quality products, with ready availability and a personalised service.
      Since 2001 TAYTONN has been distributing key ingredients to the Fragrance and Flavor industry in Asia. We work closely with customers, principals and vendors. Together we forecast demand and match it with supply of aroma chemicals, essential oils and natural isolates & extracts. Sourced from around the world, our F&F ingredient inventory in Singapore is ready to ship to any location in Asia and beyond. Time and again, we help our principals introduce new discoveries to the F&F market - stimulating creativity and bringing value added proposition to our customers.
      Email: Info
      Email: Sales
      Voice: + 65 - 6861 8113
      Fax: + 65 - 6861 8115
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      Product(s):
      Bergamot Oil Reggio
       
  • Vigon International
    • Vigon International
      Passion for Simplicity
      Manufacturer and supplier of high quality flavor and fragrance ingredients.
      The growth and success of Vigon is due in large part to a unique corporate concept that Vigon has developed and established within the industry: Creative Partnerships. This partnership concept has been and continues to be the foundation and guiding principle for all of Vigon's activities.
      US Email: Sales
      US Voice: 570-476-6300
      US Fax: 570-476-1110
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      Product(s):
      512206 BERGAMOT OIL NATURAL
       
  • Zanos
    • Zanos Ltd.
      Distributor of Speciality Chemicals and Natural Ingredients
      Sourcing and supplying quality aroma chemicals and prestige natural ingredients for the flavour and fragrance industry.
      The flavour and fragrance industry's premier source for aroma chemicals and essential oils
      Zanos Ltd. is a B2B supplier of aroma chemicals, speciality chemicals, natural ingredients and vitamins to a diverse range of customers. In Autumn 2020, Stort Chemicals Limited completed their acquisition of Zanos Ltd. Combining our strengths, Stort and Zanos have boosted our respective portfolios of aroma chemicals, speciality chemicals and natural ingredients. With warehousing facilities across the UK, Rotterdam and Hamburg, Zanos is perfectly positioned to dispatch product throughout Europe.
      Email: Contact Zanos
      Email: Lisa Senior
      Voice: +44 (0) 1565 755899
      Fax: +44 (0) 1565 755799
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      Products List: View
      Product(s):
      BERGAMOT
       
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search
Fragrance Demo Formulas    Flavor Demo Formulas
Name: citrus × bergamia peel oil
CAS Number: 8007-75-8 
ECHA EC Number: 296-429-8
FDA UNII: 39W1PKE3JI
CoE Number: 137
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar: Search
Google Books: Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist: Search
Google Patents: Search
US Patents: Search
EU Patents: Search
PubMed: Search
NCBI: Search
FEMA Number: 2153 bergamot oil
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF):8007-75-8 ; BERGAMOT, OIL (CITRUS AURANTIUM L. SUBSP. BERGAMIA WRIGHT ET ARN.)
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 182 -- SUBSTANCES GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec. 182.20 Essential oils, oleoresins (solvent-free), and natural extractives (including distillates).
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Physical Properties:
Appearance: golden yellow amber clear liquid (est)
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 0.87600 to 0.88400 @  25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 7.289 to  7.356
Refractive Index: 1.46400 to 1.46600 @  20.00 °C.
Optical Rotation: +8.00 to +24.00
Flash Point: 108.00 °F. TCC ( 42.22 °C. )
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 fixed oils
 water, 20.12 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:
 water
 glycerin
 propylene glycol
Stability:
 non-discoloring in most media
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor Type: citrus
 
 citrus  floral  green  spicy  orange peel  ginger  
Odor Description:
at 100.00 %. 
citrus woody orange linalyl acetate
 
 
Flavor Type: citrus
 
 citrus  floral  rose  green  lemon  
Taste Description:
bergamot
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
PerfumersWorld
Bergamot Oil
Odor Description: citrus woody orange linalyl acetate fresh citrus-floral terpene sweet-floral herbal bitter
Blends-well-with - Most oils very well with Geranium Lavender Ylang Ylang
Taste Description: bergamot
 
Pell Wall Perfumes
Bergamot
Odor Description: Citrus, earl grey tea, fresh, aldehydic
Taste Description: bergamot
 
 
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Cosmetic Information:
CosIng: cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: fragrance
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Suppliers:
Absolute Cosmetic Essentials
Bergamot (Full)
Absolute Cosmetic Essentials
Organic Bergamot
Ambles Nature et Chimie
BERGAMOTE
Astral Extracts
Bergamot Oil
Augustus Oils
Bergamot Aromatherapy Oil
Services
Augustus Oils
Bergamot Essential Oil
Berjé
bergamot oil
Media
Berjé
Organic Bergamot Oil Cp
Berjé
Organic Bergamot Oil Distilled
Blue Pacific Flavors
Bergamot Oil
Bontoux
BERGAMOT ESSENTIAL OIL
Camden-Grey Essential Oils
Bergamot essential oil, Bulk
Odor: characteristic
Use: Bergamot imparts that unusual flavor to Earl Grey tea. It was and still is an important ingredient in the classic Eau de Cologne formula. Blends well with chamomile, lavender, neroli and rosemary. Bergamot is a photosensitizer (increases the skin reaction to sunlight and makes it more likely to burn) and the photosensitizing effect can last for several days which is why we also offer regular Bergamot and Bergaptene-free Bergamot.
Camden-Grey Essential Oils
Bergamot essential oil
Odor: characteristic
Use: Combined with tea tree it is used as a treatment for cold sores, chicken pox and shingles. Used in douches and sitz baths, bergamot oil has proved successful in gonococcal infections, leucorrhoea, vaginal prurities and urinary infections; add no more than 2-3 drops to some warm water. Its antiseptic properties make it ideal for treating wounds, herpes, acne and oily skin conditions. Bergamot imparts that unusual flavor to Earl Grey tea. It was and still is an important ingredient in the classic Eau de Cologne formula.
De Monchy Aromatics
Bergamot Oil
Odor: citrus, woody, orange, linalyl, acetate
Diffusions Aromatiques
BERGAMOTE CI HUILE ESSENTIELLE
Diffusions Aromatiques
BERGAMOTE DISTILLEE
Diffusions Aromatiques
BERGAMOTE HUILE ESSENTIELLE BIO
ECSA Chemicals
BERGAMOT OIL (ITALY)
ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY
Ernesto Ventós
BERGAMOT OIL BIO, ITALY
Ernesto Ventós
BERGAMOT OIL, ARGENTINA
Odor: SWEET, FRUTTY, CITRIC
Fleurchem
bergamot oil
Frey + Lau
Bergamot Oil
Italy, South America,Ivory Coast
George Uhe Company
Bergamot Oil
Available in FCC and from Various Origins
Glentham Life Sciences
Bergamot oil
Global Essence
Bergamot Oil (Many Varieties Available)
Indenta Group
Bergamot Oil
India Essential Oils
Bargamot Oil
John Kellys (London)
Bergamot Oil
K.L. Koh Enterprise
BERGAMOT OIL
Lluch Essence
BERGAMOT ITALY ORGANIC ESS. OIL
Mane
Bergamot Essential Oil
Odor: Citrusy Floral Spicy
Use: This tree, resulting from a hybridisation between orange and lemon trees, has been mainly grown in the region of Calabria in Italy ever since it was used by an Italian perfumer to develop the famous Eau de Cologne. The essence extracted from the aromatic skin of the sour fruit is also used to flavour Earl Grey and Lady Grey teas.
Moellhausen
BERGAMOT EO CLS
Moellhausen
BERGAMOT OIL
Naturex
Bergamot Oil
NAT arom®, in Ez-Caps™, AquaReady™ or Classic forms
Noble Molecular Research
For experimental / research use only.
Bergamot Oil (all Grades)
Pell Wall Perfumes
Bergamot
Odor: Citrus, earl grey tea, fresh, aldehydic
Penta International
BERGAMOT OIL
PerfumersWorld
Bergamot Oil
Odor: citrus woody orange linalyl acetate fresh citrus-floral terpene sweet-floral herbal bitter
Use: Blends-well-with - Most oils very well with Geranium Lavender Ylang Ylang
Phoenix Aromas & Essential Oils
Bergamot Oil
Prinova
Bergamot oil phase, natural
R C Treatt & Co Ltd
Bergamot Oil Type
Halal, Kosher
R C Treatt & Co Ltd
Bergamot Oil
Kosher
R C Treatt & Co Ltd
Organic Bergamot Oil
Kosher
Reincke & Fichtner
Bergamot Oil organic + NOP
Reincke & Fichtner
Bergamot Oil
Robertet
BERGAMOT
Pur & Nat
Seasons and Harvest / Crop calendar
Sachee
Bergamot Oil
SRS Aromatics
BERGAMOT OIL CALABRIAN
Stort Chemicals
Bergamot Oil
Taytonn ASCC
Bergamot Oil Reggio
Terpena S.R.L.
BERGAMOT OIL
The Lebermuth Company
Bergamot Organic Oil
Odor: Fresh, fruity - sweet citrus notes with slightly spicy balsamic undertones
Spring/Summer 2022 Fragrance Trends
The Lermond Company
BERGAMOT OIL, ORGANIC
The Perfumers Apprentice
Bergamot
Odor: citrus woody orange linalyl acetate
Ungerer & Company
Bergamot Oil Colorless
Vege Tech
O.C. Bergamot Oil
Vigon International
BERGAMOT OIL NATURAL
Zanos
BERGAMOT
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety Information:
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 10 - Flammable.
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50  11520 mg/kg
Pharmazie. Vol. 14, Pg. 435, 1959.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety in Use Information:
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect: Phototoxicity
IFRA fragrance material specification:
 Where the bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) content of all relevant oils present in a compound has been determined, it is recommended that for applications on areas of skin exposed to sunshine, excluding bath preparations, soaps and other products which are washed off the skin, the total level of bergapten in the consumer products should not exceed 0.0015% (15 ppm). This is equivalent to 0.0075% (75 ppm) in a fragrance compound used at 20% in the consumer product. Where the level of bergapten has not been determined by appropriate methods, the limits specified in the guidelines on individual oils should apply. In those cases, where such oils are used in combination with other phototoxic ingredients, the additive effect has to be taken into consideration and the use levels have to be reduced accordingly. The sum of the concentrations of all phototoxic fragrance ingredients, expressed in % of their recommended maximum level in the consumer product, shall not exceed 100. exceed 0.0015% (15 ppm). This is equivalent to 0.0075% (75 ppm) in a fragrance compound used at 20% in the consumer product. Where the level of bergapten has not been determined by appropriate methods, the limits specified in the guidelines on individual oils should apply. In those cases, where such oils are used in combination with other phototoxic ingredients, the additive effect has to be taken into consideration and the use levels have to be reduced accordingly. The sum of the concentrations of all phototoxic fragrance ingredients, expressed in % of their recommended maximum level in the consumer product, shall not exceed 100.
contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only)
citral Max. Found: 0.7 % and Reason: Sensitization
geraniol Max. Found: 0.1 % and Reason: Sensitization
7-methoxycoumarin Max. Found: 0.01 % and Reason: Sensitization, photosensitization
IFRA: View Standard
View IFRA Standards Library for complete information.
Please review Amendment 49 IFRA documentation for complete information.
IFRA RESTRICTION LIMITS IN THE FINISHED PRODUCT (%):
Category 1: Products applied to the lips
0.40 %
Category 2: Products applied to the axillae
0.40 %
Category 3: Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
0.40 %
Category 4: Products related to fine fragrance
0.40 %
 Category 5: Products applied to the face and body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
Category 5A: Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.40 %
Category 5B: Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.40 %
Category 5C: Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.40 %
Category 5D: Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
0.40 %
Category 6: Products with oral and lip exposure
0.40 %
 Category 7: Products applied to the hair with some hand contact
Category 7A: Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
No Restriction %
Category 7B: Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
0.40 %
Category 8: Products with significant anogenital exposure
0.40 %
Category 9: Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
No Restriction %
 Category 10: Household care products with mostly hand contact
Category 10A: Household care excluding aerosol products (excluding aerosol/spray products)
No Restriction %
Category 10B: Household aerosol/spray products
0.40 %
 Category 11: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate
Category 11A: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
No Restriction %
Category 11B: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
0.40 %
Category 12: Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
No Restriction
 Notes:
IFRA FLAVOR REQUIREMENTS:

Due to the possible ingestion of small amounts of fragrance ingredients from their use in products in Categories 1 and 6, materials must not only comply with IFRA Standards but must also be recognized as safe as a flavoring ingredient as defined by the IOFI Code of Practice (www.iofi.org). For more details see chapter 1 of the Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards.

 
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -29.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -8.90000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: -43.00000
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: 1.00000130.00000
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -7.90000
fruit ices: -7.90000
gelatins / puddings: 5.3000090.00000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -27.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety References:
EPI System: View
Daily Med: search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: Search
AIDS Citations: Search
Cancer Citations: Search
Toxicology Citations: Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): 8007-75-8
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
WISER: UN 1993
WGK Germany: 2
 citrus × bergamia peel oil
Chemidplus: 0008007758
RTECS: DS0500000 for cas# 8007-75-8
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
References:
 citrus × bergamia peel oil
Canada Domestic Sub. List: 8007-75-8
Pubchem (sid): 135289949
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Other Information:
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): View
Export Tariff Code: 3301.11.0000
Typical G.C.
Wikipedia: View
FAO: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Potential Blenders and core components note
 
For Odor
aldehydic
aldehydic
isobutyraldehydeFL/FR
 decanal (aldehyde C-10)FL/FR
6,7,8-decen-1-olFR
 dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric)FL/FR
 mandarine undecenalFL/FR
2-methyl undecanal (aldehyde C-12 mna)FL/FR
3-methyl-4-hexyl oxybutyraldehydeFR
 muguet undecadienalFR
 octanal (aldehyde C-8)FL/FR
 TMH aldehydeFR
 undecanalFL/FR
amber
 cistus ladaniferus resinoidFL/FR
anise
 fennel fragranceFR
anisic
para-anisaldehydeFL/FR
 estragoleFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum herb oilFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum herb oil egyptFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil americaFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil indiaFL/FR
aromatic
 aromatic woody citrus floral fragranceFR
balsamic
siam benzoin resinoidFL/FR
(E)-cinnamyl alcoholFL/FR
 cinnamyl formateFL/FR
 ethyl cinnamateFL/FR
 guaiyl acetateFL/FR
 mastic oilFL/FR
 mastic oil replacerFR
 opoponax oil (balsamodendron kafal)FL/FR
2-phenyl propyl alcoholFL/FR
 terpinyl butyrateFL/FR
 terpinyl cinnamateFL/FR
berry
 raspberry ketoneFL/FR
citronella
4,8-dimethyl-7-nonen-2-olFR
citrus
 acetaldehyde citronellyl methyl acetalFR
 agrestic specialtyFR
 bergamot acetoacetateFR
 bergamot essenceFL/FR
 bergamot fragranceFR
 bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italyFL/FR
 bergamot oil decolorizedFL/FR
 bergamot oil foldedFL/FR
 bergamot oil italyFL/FR
 bergamot oil ivory coastFL/FR
 bergamot oil replacerFR
 bergamot oil terpenelessFL/FR
 bergamot oil terpeneless replacerFL/FR
 bergamot oil turkeyFL/FR
 bergamot specialtyFR
 bergamot vanilla specialtyFR
beta-bisabololFL/FR
 cedrat specialtyFR
 citralFL/FR
 citral diethyl acetalFL/FR
 citral dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 citral ethylene glycol acetalFR
 citronella fragranceFR
 citronella oil ceylonFL/FR
 citronella oil java replacerFR
 citronellal oximeFR
 citrus aurantium bergamia fruit extractFL/FR
 citrus floral green fragranceFR
 citrus ocimenolFR
 citrus specialtyFR
 cranberry orange spice fragranceFR
 dihydromyrcenolFL/FR
 dihydromyrcenyl acetateFR
2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanyl acetateFR
 dodecane nitrileFR
2-dodecanoneFL/FR
citrus floral fragranceFR
 grapefruit pentanolFR
 lemon oil c.p. californiaFL/FR
 lime fragranceFR
 lime octadienalFR
 lime oil distilled mexicoFL/FR
 lime oil replacerFR
 lime specialtyFR
(Z)-linalool oxide (pyranoid)FL/FR
 mandarin fragranceFR
 mandarin oilFL/FR
 mandarin oil italyFL/FR
 mandarin oil replacerFR
 mandarin specialtyFR
 methyl heptenoneFL/FR
3-methyl-4-(2-methyl butyl oxy) butyraldehydeFR
alpha-methylene citronellalFR
 myrcenyl acetateFL/FR
 neroli ketoneFR
 nonanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 orange nitrileFR
blood orange oil italyFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. brazilFL/FR
 petitgrain bergamot oilFL/FR
alpha-terpinyl methyl etherFL/FR
2-tetradecenalFL/FR
(E)-2-tetradecenalFL/FR
(±)-2,4,8-trimethyl-7-nonen-2-olFL/FR
 verbena fragranceFR
coumarinic
 coumaneFL/FR
earthy
2-octanone oximeFR
 octyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
fatty
2-decenalFL/FR
(R)-gamma-octalactoneFL/FR
floral
 acetaldehyde dibutyl acetalFL/FR
 amyl benzoateFL/FR
alpha-amyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
 amyl salicylateFL/FR
isoamyl salicylateFL/FR
 anisyl propanal / methyl anthranilate schiff's baseFR
 bergamot blossom fragranceFR
 bois de rose fragranceFR
 bois de rose oil brazilFL/FR
 bois de rose oil replacerFR
 boronia absoluteFL/FR
 boronia concreteFL/FR
alpha-butyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
 cassie absoluteFL/FR
 cassie absolute replacerFL/FR
 cassis specialtyFR
 citronellalFL/FR
laevo-citronellolFL/FR
 citronellolFL/FR
 citronellyl acetateFL/FR
(S)-citronellyl acetateFL/FR
 citronellyl formateFL/FR
 citronellyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 citronellyl propionateFL/FR
 citrus bergamia risso leaf oilFR
 clary propionateFR
 coranol (Firmenich)FR
 coriander seed oilFL/FR
 coriander seed oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 cumin carbinolFR
 cyclamen aldehydeFL/FR
 dictamnus hispanicus oilFR
 dihydrocarvyl acetateFL/FR
 dihydrocitronellyl ethyl etherFR
(±)-2,3-dihydrofarnesolFL/FR
 dihydroisojasmonate methyl esterFR
 dihydrojasmoneFL/FR
 dihydrolinaloolFL/FR
 dimethyl benzyl carbinolFL/FR
 dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrateFL/FR
 dimethyl octanolFL/FR
6,8-dimethyl-2-nonanolFR
3,6-dimethyl-3-octanolFL/FR
 epoxylinalyl acetate 
 ethyl linaloolFR
 ethyl linalyl acetalFR
 ethyl linalyl acetateFR
 ethyl linalyl etherFL/FR
 ethyl phenoxyacetateFR
 farnesolFL/FR
 farnesyl acetateFL/FR
 floral butanalFR
 floral pyranolFR
 floral undecenoneFR
 gardenia absoluteFR
 gardenia acetalFR
 gardenia concreteFR
 gardenia fragranceFR
 gardenia specialtyFR
 geraniolFL/FR
 geranium oilFL/FR
 geranium oil africaFL/FR
 geranium oil bourbonFL/FR
 geranium oil bourbon replacerFR
 geranium oil replacerFR
 geranium specialtyFR
 geranyl acetoneFL/FR
 geranyl formateFL/FR
 geranyl hexanoateFL/FR
 geranyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 geranyl nonanoateCS
 geranyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 geranyl propionateFL/FR
 heather fragranceFR
 heliotropinFL/FR
 heliotropyl acetoneFL/FR
 heliotropyl diethyl acetalFR
(Z)-4-hepten-2-yl salicylateFR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl salicylateFL/FR
alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
 hexyl lactateFL/FR
 ho leaf oilFR
 ho wood oilFR
 hyacinth absolute replacerFR
 hyacinth oilFR
 hydrangea fragranceFR
 hydroxycitronellal diethyl acetalFL/FR
 hydroxycitronellal propylene glycol acetalFL/FR
 jasmin cyclopentanolFR
(Z)-jasmoneFL/FR
 jonquil absoluteFR
 jonquil absolute replacerFR
 jonquil fragranceFR
 lilac absoluteFR
 lily fragranceFR
calla lily fragranceFR
 lily propanolFR
dextro-linaloolFL/FR
laevo-linaloolFL/FR
 linaloolFL/FR
 linalool oxideFL/FR
 linalyl anthranilateFL/FR
 linalyl benzoateFL/FR
 linalyl butyrateFL/FR
 linalyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 linalyl propionateFL/FR
 lotus fragranceFR
 magnolia indeneFR
(2-methoxy-1-methyl propyl) benzeneFR
(3-methoxy-2-methyl propyl) benzeneFR
ortho-methoxybenzyl ethyl etherFR
1-(2-methyl allyl oxy)-2-methyl butaneFR
 methyl citronellateFL/FR
 methyl dihydrojasmonateFL/FR
 mimosa absoluteFL/FR
 mimosa absolute franceFL/FR
 mimosa absolute indiaFL/FR
 mimosa absolute replacerFR
 mimosa fragranceFR
 mimosa specialtyFR
 muguet dienalFR
 muguet nitrileFR
 narcissus absolute replacerFR
 narcissus fragranceFR
 narcissus specialtyFR
 nerolFL/FR
 neroli absoluteFL/FR
 neroli oil bigardeFL/FR
 neroli oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 neroli oil tunisiaFL/FR
(E)-nerolidolFL/FR
 nerolidolFL/FR
 nerolidyl acetateFL/FR
 neryl acetateFL/FR
 neryl isovalerateFL/FR
 ocean propanalFL/FR
(S)-ocean propanal 
 ocean propanal / methyl anthranilate schiff's baseFR
beta-ocimeneFL/FR
 orange leaf absoluteFL/FR
bitter orangeflower absolute moroccoFL/FR
bitter orangeflower absolute tunisiaFL/FR
 orchid specialtyFR
 palmarosa oilFL/FR
 palmarosa oil replacerFR
 papaya isobutyrateFL/FR
 peony acetonitrileFR
 petitgrain absolute moroccoFL/FR
 petitgrain bergamot oil (citrus bergamia melarosa)FR
 petitgrain concreteFR
 petitgrain lemon oilFL/FR
 petitgrain oil moroccoFL/FR
 petitgrain oil paraguayFL/FR
 petitgrain oil terpenelessFL/FR
 phenethyl acetateFL/FR
 phenethyl alcoholFL/FR
 phenethyl benzoateFL/FR
 phenethyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehyde dicitronellyl acetalFR
 phenyl acetaldehyde diisobutyl acetalFL/FR
2-phenyl propionaldehyde ethylene glycol acetalFR
 phenyl propyl phenyl acetateFR
 rhodinolFL/FR
 rhodinyl acetateFL/FR
 rhodinyl butyrateFL/FR
 rhodinyl formateFL/FR
 rhodinyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa centifolia)FL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa centifolia) moroccoFL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa damascena) bulgariaFL/FR
 rose butanoateFL/FR
 rose oil (rosa centifolia) egyptFL/FR
 rose oil (rosa damascena) iranFL/FR
 rose oil (rosa damascena) turkeyFL/FR
(Z)-rose oxideFL/FR
laevo-rose oxideFL/FR
 rose pyranFR
 styralyl formateFL/FR
 sweet pea absoluteFR
 tagetes erecta flower oleoresin 
 terpinyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 tetrahydrolinaloolFL/FR
 tetrahydrolinalyl acetateFR
5-tricyclodecenyl acetateFR
(S)-2,5,6-trimethyl-2-heptanol 
 undecanal dimethyl acetalFR
 verdyl acetateFR
 violet methyl carbonateFR
 violet specialtyFR
 ylang ylang flower oil IIIFL/FR
fresh
3-(3-propen-2-yl phenyl) butanalFR
fruity
 allyl cyclohexyl propionateFL/FR
para-anisyl methyl ketoneFL/FR
 benzyl methyl etherFL/FR
 bisaboleneFL/FR
 cinnamyl hexanoateFL/FR
 citronellyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 cyclohexyl crotonateFR
 dimethyl succinateFL/FR
2-ethyl butyl 2-butenoate 
 ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidateFL/FR
 green acetateFR
 linalyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 methyl acetoacetateFL/FR
 methyl anthranilateFL/FR
 nerolidyl isobutyrateFR
 ocimen-1-yl acetateFR
 peach pivalateFR
 phenoxyethyl propionateFL/FR
 tropical iononeFL/FR
fungal
 jasmin nonaneFR
green
alpha-allyl-4,6-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanyl acetate 
isoamyl 3-(2-furan) propionateFL/FR
 biphenyl 
isobutyl benzyl carbinolFL/FR
2-butyl-4-methyl-1,3-oxathiane 
 chrysanthemum oxideFL/FR
 cucumber fragranceFR
black currant bud absolute replacerFL/FR
3,7-dimethyl-6-octenoic acidFL/FR
 diphenyl oxideFL/FR
 earthy acetalFL/FR
 ethylene glycol diacetate 
2-ethylidene-6-methyl-cis-3-heptenal 
(Z)-beta-farnesene 
 flower hexeneFR
 galbanum oilFL/FR
 geranium fragranceFR
 green carboxylateFR
 green cyclopropionateFR
2-heptyl pyridine 
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetoacetateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl angelateFR
 hexen-1-yl oxypropane nitrileFR
 hexyl (Z)-tiglateFL/FR
 hexyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
 hop oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 hyacinth absoluteFL/FR
2,4-ivy carbaldehydeFL/FR
 ivy dioxolaneFR
 ivy fragranceFR
dextro-linalyl acetateFL/FR
laevo-linalyl acetateFL/FR
(2-methoxy-1-methyl butyl) benzeneFR
[(4E,4Z)-5-methoxy-3-methyl-4-penten-1-yl] benzeneFR
 methyl cyclocitrone (IFF)FR
para-methyl hydratropaldehydeFL/FR
 methyl octine carbonateFL/FR
4-methyl-4-phenyl pentanoneFR
 murraya koenigii leaf oil indiaFL/FR
2-nonanone oximeFR
1-(octahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5-yl)-propan-2-ol 
 octanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 octyl oxyacetaldehydeFR
 pelargonium graveolens stem leaf extractFR
 perilla alcoholFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehyde solutionFL/FR
 styralyl acetateFL/FR
 terpinyl propionateFL/FR
hay
 hay absoluteFR
herbal
 anethum graveolens herb oilFL/FR
 anethum graveolens herb tinctureFL/FR
 anthemis nobilis flower oil romanFL/FR
 bergamot mint herb oilFR
 camphene carbinyl acetateFR
 canarium luzonicum oilFL/FR
 carrot seed oil (daucus carota ssp. gummifer hook. fil.) spainFR
 carrot seed oil (daucus carota ssp. maximus (desf.) ball)FR
wild carrot seed oil terpenelessFL/FR
 celery ketoneFL/FR
 chrysanthemum ketoneFR
 clary octenoneFR
 clary sage absoluteFL/FR
 clary sage oil franceFL/FR
 coriander oleoresinFL/FR
 cuminyl acetateFL/FR
 daucus carota fruit oilFL/FR
 dihexyl (E)-fumarateFR
 dihydroterpinyl acetateFL/FR
 dill weed oil cubaFL/FR
 dill weed oil reunionFL/FR
 geranium cyclohexaneFR
 herbal fragranceFR
 herbal specialtyFR
 hop absoluteFL/FR
 hop oilFL/FR
abrialis lavandin oilFL/FR
 lavender absolute bulgariaFL/FR
 linalyl acetateFL/FR
 linalyl formateFL/FR
 linalyl isovalerateFL/FR
 marigold absolute (tagetes patula)FR
2-methyl butyl salicylateFL/FR
(1S,5R)-myrtenyl acetateFL/FR
 myrtle oilFL/FR
 nopyl acetateFR
3-octyl acetateFL/FR
curled parsley seed oilFL/FR
 perilla leaf oilFL/FR
 petitgrain heptaneFR
 petroselinum crispum seed oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehyde diisoamyl acetalFR
 rain forest specialtyFR
 terpineol acetateFL/FR
alpha-terpinyl acetateFL/FR
 thyme absoluteFL/FR
honey
 butyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
licorice
 ocimum basilicum herb oil vietnamFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil terpenelessFL/FR
medicinal
 kunzea ericoides leaf oilFR
melon
 melon heptenalFL/FR
 watermelon ketoneFR
musty
ketoisophoroneFL/FR
pine
 dihydroterpineolFR
powdery
para-anisyl alcoholFL/FR
 dibenzyl ketoneFL/FR
spicy
alpha-amyl cinnamyl alcoholFL/FR
isobutyl angelateFL/FR
 cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 cinnamyl propionateFL/FR
 clove bud oilFL/FR
 cubeb oilFL/FR
 cumin seed absoluteFL/FR
 cuminaldehydeFL/FR
black currant bud absoluteFL/FR
isocyclogeraniol (IFF)FR
 elettaria cardamomum seed oilFL/FR
isoeugenyl acetateFL/FR
 gingergrass oilFR
2-octanolFL/FR
 pimenta acris leaf oilFL/FR
 spicy carbonateFR
 turmeric root oil chinaFL/FR
annus wormwood oil vietnamFL/FR
 zanthoxylum piperitum fruit absolute CO2 extractFL/FR
sulfurous
 lychee mercaptan acetateFL/FR
tea
 camellia oleifera leaf extractFL/FR
terpenic
(E,E)-2,6-alloocimeneFL/FR
alpha-terpineolFL/FR
tonka
 coumarinFR
 tonka bean absoluteFR
vanilla
 ethyl vanillinFL/FR
 vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia)FL/FR
waxy
 decanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
3-decanoneFL/FR
1,8-octane dinitrile 
1-undecanolFL/FR
woody
 dalbergia sissoo leaf oilFR
alpha-farneseneFL/FR
alpha-farnesene isomerFL/FR
 patchouli ethanoneFR
 patchouli oilFL/FR
 sandalwood oilFL/FR
 santallFR
 woody acetateFR
 
For Flavor
 
No flavor group found for these
 acetaldehyde dibutyl acetalFL/FR
alpha-allyl-4,6-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanyl acetate 
 amyl benzoateFL/FR
 boronia concreteFL/FR
2-butyl-4-methyl-1,3-oxathiane 
 cassie absolute replacerFL/FR
(E)-cinnamyl alcoholFL/FR
 cinnamyl hexanoateFL/FR
 cistus ladaniferus resinoidFL/FR
 coumaneFL/FR
 cuminyl acetateFL/FR
 decanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
3-decanoneFL/FR
 dihydroterpinyl acetateFL/FR
 earthy acetalFL/FR
 epoxylinalyl acetate 
2-ethyl butyl 2-butenoate 
 ethyl linalyl etherFL/FR
 ethylene glycol diacetate 
2-ethylidene-6-methyl-cis-3-heptenal 
(Z)-beta-farnesene 
 guaiyl acetateFL/FR
2-heptyl pyridine 
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetoacetateFL/FR
 hexyl (Z)-tiglateFL/FR
 hyacinth absoluteFL/FR
 hydroxycitronellal propylene glycol acetalFL/FR
dextro-linaloolFL/FR
(Z)-linalool oxide (pyranoid)FL/FR
laevo-linalyl acetateFL/FR
dextro-linalyl acetateFL/FR
 linalyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 methyl acetoacetateFL/FR
2-methyl butyl salicylateFL/FR
 nerolidyl acetateFL/FR
(S)-ocean propanal 
(E,E)-2,6-alloocimeneFL/FR
1-(octahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5-yl)-propan-2-ol 
(R)-gamma-octalactoneFL/FR
1,8-octane dinitrile 
 octyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 perilla leaf oilFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehyde solutionFL/FR
 styralyl formateFL/FR
 tagetes erecta flower oleoresin 
 terpineol acetateFL/FR
 terpinyl isobutyrateFL/FR
2-tetradecenalFL/FR
4,4'-thiobis-2-butanoneFL
(S)-2,5,6-trimethyl-2-heptanol 
isoamyl 3-(2-furan) propionateFL/FR
alpha-butyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
aldehydic
isobutyraldehydeFL/FR
 octanal (aldehyde C-8)FL/FR
1-undecanolFL/FR
amber
isobutyl benzyl carbinolFL/FR
anisic
 ocimum basilicum herb oil egyptFL/FR
aromatic
 amyl salicylateFL/FR
balsamic
siam benzoin resinoidFL/FR
 ethyl cinnamateFL/FR
 mastic oilFL/FR
 opoponax oil (balsamodendron kafal)FL/FR
berry
 heliotropyl acetoneFL/FR
 raspberry ketoneFL/FR
bitter
 dibenzyl ketoneFL/FR
cherry
 heliotropinFL/FR
citrus
 bergamot essenceFL/FR
 bergamot flavorFL
 bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italyFL/FR
 bergamot oil decolorizedFL/FR
 bergamot oil foldedFL/FR
 bergamot oil italyFL/FR
 bergamot oil ivory coastFL/FR
 bergamot oil terpenelessFL/FR
 bergamot oil terpeneless replacerFL/FR
 bergamot oil turkeyFL/FR
 bergamot orange lime flavorFL
 bisaboleneFL/FR
beta-bisabololFL/FR
 citralFL/FR
 citral diethyl acetalFL/FR
 citral dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 citronella oil ceylonFL/FR
 citrus aurantium bergamia fruit extractFL/FR
 lemon oil c.p. californiaFL/FR
 lime oil distilled mexicoFL/FR
laevo-linaloolFL/FR
 linaloolFL/FR
 mandarin oilFL/FR
 mandarin oil italyFL/FR
 myrcenyl acetateFL/FR
 nerolFL/FR
 neroli oil tunisiaFL/FR
blood orange oil italyFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. brazilFL/FR
 petitgrain bergamot oilFL/FR
 petitgrain lemon oilFL/FR
 petitgrain oil moroccoFL/FR
 petitgrain oil terpenelessFL/FR
ketoisophoroneFL/FR
alpha-terpineolFL/FR
(±)-2,4,8-trimethyl-7-nonen-2-olFL/FR
creamy
para-anisaldehydeFL/FR
ethereal
4-hexen-3-oneFL
fatty
2-decenalFL/FR
 dimethyl octanolFL/FR
2-dodecanoneFL/FR
floral
 biphenyl 
 bois de rose oil brazilFL/FR
 cinnamyl propionateFL/FR
 citronellalFL/FR
 citronellolFL/FR
laevo-citronellolFL/FR
(S)-citronellyl acetateFL/FR
 citronellyl acetateFL/FR
 citronellyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 citronellyl propionateFL/FR
 dihydrocarvyl acetateFL/FR
(±)-2,3-dihydrofarnesolFL/FR
 dihydrojasmoneFL/FR
 dihydrolinaloolFL/FR
 dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrateFL/FR
3,7-dimethyl-6-octenoic acidFL/FR
 farnesolFL/FR
 farnesyl acetateFL/FR
 geraniolFL/FR
 geranium oilFL/FR
 geranium oil africaFL/FR
 geranium oil bourbonFL/FR
 geranyl acetoneFL/FR
 geranyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 geranyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
pseudoiononeFL
 linalyl acetateFL/FR
 linalyl anthranilateFL/FR
 linalyl butyrateFL/FR
 linalyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 methyl citronellateFL/FR
 methyl dihydrojasmonateFL/FR
 neroli absoluteFL/FR
 neroli oil bigardeFL/FR
 neroli oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 neryl acetateFL/FR
 ocean propanalFL/FR
 orange leaf absoluteFL/FR
bitter orangeflower absolute moroccoFL/FR
bitter orangeflower absolute tunisiaFL/FR
 petitgrain absolute moroccoFL/FR
 phenethyl alcoholFL/FR
 phenethyl benzoateFL/FR
 rhodinolFL/FR
 rhodinyl acetateFL/FR
 rhodinyl butyrateFL/FR
 rhodinyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa centifolia)FL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa centifolia) moroccoFL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa damascena) bulgariaFL/FR
 rose oil (rosa centifolia) egyptFL/FR
 rose oil (rosa damascena) iranFL/FR
 rose oil (rosa damascena) turkeyFL/FR
laevo-rose oxideFL/FR
 terpinyl butyrateFL/FR
 tetrahydrolinaloolFL/FR
 tropical iononeFL/FR
 ylang ylang flower oil IIIFL/FR
fruity
 allyl cyclohexyl propionateFL/FR
para-anisyl alcoholFL/FR
 banana bergamot flavorFL
 benzyl methyl etherFL/FR
 boronia absoluteFL/FR
 citronellyl formateFL/FR
 citronellyl isobutyrateFL/FR
black currant bud absolute replacerFL/FR
 dimethyl succinateFL/FR
 ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidateFL/FR
 geranyl hexanoateFL/FR
 hexyl lactateFL/FR
 linalyl benzoateFL/FR
 linalyl isovalerateFL/FR
 methyl anthranilateFL/FR
(E,E)-methyl sorbateFL
 neryl isovalerateFL/FR
 rhodinyl formateFL/FR
 rose butanoateFL/FR
 styralyl acetateFL/FR
 terpinyl cinnamateFL/FR
grassy
 palmarosa oilFL/FR
green
isoamyl salicylateFL/FR
 anethum graveolens herb tinctureFL/FR
isobutyl angelateFL/FR
 canarium luzonicum oilFL/FR
 celery ketoneFL/FR
 chrysanthemum oxideFL/FR
 cucumber distillatesFL
 cucumber flavorFL
 cyclamen aldehydeFL/FR
 dihydromyrcenolFL/FR
3,4-dimethoxystyreneFL
 diphenyl oxideFL/FR
alpha-farneseneFL/FR
alpha-farnesene isomerFL/FR
 galbanum oilFL/FR
 geranyl formateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl salicylateFL/FR
 hexyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
2,4-ivy carbaldehydeFL/FR
 linalool oxideFL/FR
 melon heptenalFL/FR
 methyl 2-undecynoateFL
 methyl heptenoneFL/FR
para-methyl hydratropaldehydeFL/FR
 methyl octine carbonateFL/FR
4-methyl-2-pentenalFL
(E)-nerolidolFL/FR
 nerolidolFL/FR
(E,E)-2,6-nonadienalFL
 nonanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
beta-ocimeneFL/FR
 octanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
3-octyl acetateFL/FR
 papaya isobutyrateFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehyde diisobutyl acetalFL/FR
2-phenyl propyl alcoholFL/FR
(Z)-rose oxideFL/FR
 terpinyl propionateFL/FR
herbal
 anethum graveolens herb oilFL/FR
 anthemis nobilis flower oil romanFL/FR
wild carrot seed oil terpenelessFL/FR
 clary sage absoluteFL/FR
 clary sage oil franceFL/FR
 coriander oleoresinFL/FR
 coriander seed oilFL/FR
 coriander seed oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 daucus carota fruit oilFL/FR
 dill weed oil cubaFL/FR
 dill weed oil reunionFL/FR
3,6-dimethyl-3-octanolFL/FR
 hop absoluteFL/FR
 hop oilFL/FR
abrialis lavandin oilFL/FR
 lavender absolute bulgariaFL/FR
 linalyl formateFL/FR
 linalyl propionateFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum herb oilFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil americaFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil indiaFL/FR
 oregano oleoresinFL
curled parsley seed oilFL/FR
 petitgrain oil paraguayFL/FR
 petroselinum crispum seed oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 thyme absoluteFL/FR
honey
 butyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 phenethyl acetateFL/FR
 phenethyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
juicy
 lychee mercaptan acetateFL/FR
licorice
 estragoleFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum herb oil vietnamFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil terpenelessFL/FR
medicinal
 dimethyl benzyl carbinolFL/FR
melon
 hydroxycitronellal diethyl acetalFL/FR
soapy
 dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric)FL/FR
spicy
alpha-amyl cinnamyl alcoholFL/FR
para-anisyl methyl ketoneFL/FR
 cassie absoluteFL/FR
 cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 cinnamyl formateFL/FR
 clove bud oilFL/FR
 cubeb oilFL/FR
 cumin seed absoluteFL/FR
 cuminaldehydeFL/FR
black currant bud absoluteFL/FR
 elettaria cardamomum seed oilFL/FR
isoeugenyl acetateFL/FR
 hop oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 murraya koenigii leaf oil indiaFL/FR
 myrtle oilFL/FR
2-octanolFL/FR
 pimenta acris leaf oilFL/FR
 turmeric root oil chinaFL/FR
annus wormwood oil vietnamFL/FR
 zanthoxylum piperitum fruit absolute CO2 extractFL/FR
tea
 camellia oleifera leaf extractFL/FR
tropical
alpha-amyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
vanilla
 ethyl vanillinFL/FR
 vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia)FL/FR
waxy
 decanal (aldehyde C-10)FL/FR
 geranyl propionateFL/FR
alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
 mandarine undecenalFL/FR
2-methyl undecanal (aldehyde C-12 mna)FL/FR
 mimosa absoluteFL/FR
 mimosa absolute franceFL/FR
 mimosa absolute indiaFL/FR
 phenoxyethyl propionateFL/FR
(E)-2-tetradecenalFL/FR
 undecanalFL/FR
woody
(Z)-jasmoneFL/FR
(1S,5R)-myrtenyl acetateFL/FR
 patchouli oilFL/FR
 perilla alcoholFL/FR
 sandalwood oilFL/FR
alpha-terpinyl acetateFL/FR
alpha-terpinyl methyl etherFL/FR
 
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Potential Uses:
 abroniaFR
 acaciaFR
 agateFR
 amberFR
 ambreneFR
 balsamFR
 bergamotFR
 blue grassFR
 bouquetFR
 cedratFR
 chypreFR
 cinnamonFR
 citrusFR
 cloverFR
 cologneFR
 coloniaFR
 dilleniaFR
 elder flowerFR
 fernFR
 fetesFR
 floralFR
 florida breezeFR
 florida soapFR
 forestFR
 freesiaFR
 gardeniaFR
 genetFR
 jasminFR
 juniper berryFR
 lavenderFR
 leatherFR
 lemonFR
 lily of the valleyFR
 millefleursFR
 mimosaFR
 neroliFR
 opoponaxFR
 orange blossomFR
 orientalFR
 patchouliFR
 pearFR
 resedaFR
 rose white roseFR
 sandalwoodFR
 spring rainFR
 sweet peaFR
 violetFR
 wallflowerFR
 windsor soapFR
 wisteriaFR
 woodyFR
 ylang ylangFR
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 bergamot fruit
Search Trop  Picture
 citrus aurantium l. var. bergamia fruit
Search Trop  Picture
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Synonyms:
 bergamot oil
 bergamot oil organic
 bergamot oil rectified
 bergamot oil, argentina
 bergamote ess TBM 01
 bergamote ess TBM 02
 bergamote select 01
 citrus aurantium bergamia peel oil
 citrus aurantium var. bergamia peel oil
 citrus bergamia peel oil
 citrus x bergamia peel oil
 volatile oil obtained from the peel of citrus aurantium bergamia, rutaceae
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Articles:
PubMed: Flavonoid Fraction of Bergamot Juice Reduces LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response through SIRT1-Mediated NF-κB Inhibition in THP-1 Monocytes.
PubMed: Bergamot Juice Extract Inhibits Proliferation by Inducing Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells.
PubMed: Antibacterial activity of essential oils, their blends and mixtures of their main constituents against some strains supporting livestock mastitis.
PubMed: Effect of Citrus bergamia juice on human neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in metastatic xenograft models.
PubMed: Magnetically recoverable, thermostable, hydrophobic DNA/silica encapsulates and their application as invisible oil tags.
PubMed: The essential oil of bergamot stimulates reactive oxygen species production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
PubMed: Citrus bergamia Risso Elevates Intracellular Ca (2+) in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells due to Release of Ca (2+) from Primary Intracellular Stores.
PubMed: Anticancer activity of liposomal bergamot essential oil (BEO) on human neuroblastoma cells.
PubMed: Inhibitory effect of essential oils against Trichosporon ovoides causing Piedra Hair Infection.
PubMed: Ultra high performance liquid chromatography with ion-trap TOF-MS for the fast characterization of flavonoids in Citrus bergamia juice.
PubMed: Implication of limonene and linalyl acetate in cytotoxicity induced by bergamot essential oil in human neuroblastoma cells.
PubMed: Mechanisms underlying the anti-tumoral effects of Citrus Bergamia juice.
PubMed: The essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso induces vasorelaxation of the mouse aorta by activating K(+) channels and inhibiting Ca(2+) influx.
PubMed: Bergamot essential oil differentially modulates intracellular Ca2+ levels in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells: a new finding seen with fura-2.
PubMed: Peripherally injected linalool and bergamot essential oil attenuate mechanical allodynia via inhibiting spinal ERK phosphorylation.
PubMed: N-methylated tryptamine derivatives in citrus genus plants: identification of N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine in bergamot.
PubMed: The anti-biofilm activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) essential oils against five strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
PubMed: Fungal decay and shelf life of oranges coated with chitosan and bergamot, thyme, and tea tree essential oils.
PubMed: Protective effects of an extract from Citrus bergamia against inflammatory injury in interferon-γ and histamine exposed human keratinocytes.
PubMed: In vitro antimycoplasmal activity of Citrus bergamia essential oil and its major components.
PubMed: Inhalation aromatherapy in children and adolescents undergoing stem cell infusion: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind trial.
PubMed: Occurrence of pipecolic acid and pipecolic acid betaine (homostachydrine) in Citrus genus plants.
PubMed: Aroma-therapeutic effects of massage blended essential oils on humans.
PubMed: Toxic profile of bergamot essential oil on survival and proliferation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
PubMed: Betaines in fruits of Citrus genus plants.
PubMed: Citrus bergamia juice: phytochemical and technological studies.
PubMed: Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) fruit extracts and identified components alter expression of interleukin 8 gene in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cell lines.
PubMed: Update of the toxicological assessment of furanocoumarins in foodstuffs (Update of the SKLM statement of 23/24 September 2004)--Opinion of the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG).
PubMed: Antiviral activity of seed extract from Citrus bergamia towards human retroviruses.
PubMed: Proline derivatives in fruits of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poit): presence of N-methyl-L-proline and 4-hydroxy-L-prolinebetaine.
PubMed: Acute effects of bergamot oil on anxiety-related behaviour and corticosterone level in rats.
PubMed: Intraplantar injection of bergamot essential oil induces peripheral antinociception mediated by opioid mechanism.
PubMed: In vitro photo-induced cytotoxic activity of Citrus bergamia and C. medica L. cv. Diamante peel essential oils and identified active coumarins.
PubMed: In vitro protective effects of two extracts from bergamot peels on human endothelial cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).
PubMed: Antioxidant/lipoxygenase inhibitory activities and chemical compositions of selected essential oils.
PubMed: Selective removal of monoterpenes from bergamot oil by inclusion in deoxycholic acid.
PubMed: In vitro inhibition of vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis in the presence of citrus essential oils.
PubMed: Neuropharmacology of the essential oil of bergamot.
PubMed: New asymmetrical per-substituted cyclodextrins (2-O-methyl-3-O-ethyl- and 2-O-ethyl-3-O-methyl-6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-beta-derivatives) as chiral selectors for enantioselective gas chromatography in the flavour and fragrance field.
PubMed: Effects of systemic administration of the essential oil of bergamot (BEO) on gross behaviour and EEG power spectra recorded from the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
PubMed: Effects of music and essential oil inhalation on cardiac autonomic balance in healthy individuals.
PubMed: Citrus bergamia Risso & Poiteau juice protects against renal injury of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats.
PubMed: Prevention of Glutamate Accumulation and Upregulation of Phospho-Akt may Account for Neuroprotection Afforded by Bergamot Essential Oil against Brain Injury Induced by Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rat.
PubMed: Intraplantar injection of bergamot essential oil into the mouse hindpaw: effects on capsaicin-induced nociceptive behaviors.
PubMed: Statin-like principles of bergamot fruit (Citrus bergamia): isolation of 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl flavonoid glycosides.
PubMed: [The effects of aromatherapy on stress and stress responses in adolescents].
PubMed: Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) fruit extracts as γ-globin gene expression inducers: phytochemical and functional perspectives.
PubMed: High quality bergamot oil from Greece: Chemical analysis using chiral gas chromatography and larvicidal activity against the West Nile virus vector.
PubMed: The mechanism of action of a citrus oil blend against Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.
PubMed: Evaluation of flavonoids and furanocoumarins from Citrus bergamia (Bergamot) juice and identification of new compounds.
PubMed: [Effects of aroma hand massage on pain, state anxiety and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer].
PubMed: Estimating bergamot juice adulteration of lemon juice by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of flavanone glycosides.
PubMed: The protective effect of bergamot oil extract on lecitine-like oxyLDL receptor-1 expression in balloon injury-related neointima formation.
PubMed: Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids extracted from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel, a byproduct of the essential oil industry.
PubMed: Hypolipidemic effects of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau juice in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet.
PubMed: Further insights into the floral character of Touriga Nacional wines.
PubMed: UVB phototherapeutic modalities. Comparison of two treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis.
PubMed: Distribution of flavonoids and furocoumarins in juices from cultivars of Citrus bergamia Risso.
PubMed: Comparison of the volatile constituents in cold-pressed bergamot oil and a volatile oil isolated by vacuum distillation.
PubMed: Phototoxicity of bergamot oil assessed by in vitro techniques in combination with human patch tests.
PubMed: [Purely natural: phototoxic dermatitis].
PubMed: Evaluation of phototoxic properties of fragrances.
PubMed: The survival of three strains of Arcobacter butzleri in the presence of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components in vitro and on food.
PubMed: Cell signaling pathways in the mechanisms of neuroprotection afforded by bergamot essential oil against NMDA-induced cell death in vitro.
PubMed: [The effects of the inhalation method using essential oils on blood pressure and stress responses of clients with essential hypertension].
PubMed: The essential oil of bergamot enhances the levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of rat: implication of monoterpene hydrocarbons.
PubMed: In vitro activity of Citrus bergamia (bergamot) oil against clinical isolates of dermatophytes.
PubMed: The effect of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components on the survival of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in food systems.
PubMed: Enzymatic hydrolysis of flavonoids and pectic oligosaccharides from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel.
PubMed: Mosquito larvicidal activity of aromatic medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens.
PubMed: Flavonoid glycosides in bergamot juice (Citrus bergamia Risso).
PubMed: [Toxic mustard plaster dematitis and phototoxic dematitis after application of bergamot oil].
PubMed: Characterization of flavonoids and pectins from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel, a major byproduct of essential oil extraction.
PubMed: High-throughput analysis of bergamot essential oil by fast solid-phase microextraction-capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detection.
PubMed: Assessment of the phototoxic hazard of some essential oils using modified 3T3 neutral red uptake assay.
PubMed: Determination of some heavy metals and selenium in Sicilian and Calabrian citrus essential oils using derivative stripping chronopotentiometry.
PubMed: In vitro activity of bergamot natural essence and furocoumarin-free and distilled extracts, and their associations with boric acid, against clinical yeast isolates.
PubMed: Combination of supercritical CO2 and vacuum distillation for the fractionation of bergamot oil.
PubMed: Pesticide and plasticizer residues in bergamot essential oils from Calabria (Italy).
PubMed: Study of the extraction procedure by experimental design and validation of a LC method for determination of flavonoids in Citrus bergamia juice.
PubMed: Chemical and biological diversity of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) in relation to environmental factors.
PubMed: Inhalation aromatherapy during radiotherapy: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial.
PubMed: Rodenticidal activity of two natural coumarines from ether extract of Citrus bergamia.
PubMed: Effects of rootstock on the composition of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) essential oil.
PubMed: Determination of 5-methoxypsoralen in human serum.
PubMed: Earl Grey, in excess.
PubMed: Analysis of limette and bergamot distilled essential oils by HPLC.
PubMed: Toxic effects of six plant oils alone and in combination with controlled atmosphere on Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae).
PubMed: Accidental bullous phototoxic reactions to bergamot aromatherapy oil.
PubMed: How big is a drop? A volumetric assay of essential oils.
PubMed: Dangers of the intake of psoralens and subsequent UV exposure producing significant burns.
PubMed: Quantitative assessment of epidermal melanogenesis in C3H/Tif hr/hr mice treated with topical furocoumarins and UVA radiation.
PubMed: Action spectrum for bergamot-oil phototoxicity measured by sunburn cell counting.
PubMed: Evaluation of phototoxic and photogenotoxic risk associated with the use of photosensitizers in suntan preparations: application to tanning preparations containing bergamot oil.
PubMed: Studies on the genotoxic properties of essential oils with Bacillus subtilis rec-assay and Salmonella/microsome reversion assay.
PubMed: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of citropten and bergapten in suction blister fluid after solar product application in humans.
PubMed: Photoreactivity of 5-geranoxypsoralen and lack of photoreaction with DNA.
PubMed: Citropten and bergapten suction blister fluid concentrations after solar product application in man.
PubMed: The photochemistry and photobiology of bergamot oil as a perfume ingredient: an overview.
PubMed: Phototoxic properties of perfumes containing bergamot oil on human skin: photoprotective effect of UVA and UVB sunscreens.
PubMed: Phototumorigenesis studies of 5-methoxypsoralen in bergamot oil: evaluation and modification of risk of human use in an albino mouse skin model.
PubMed: Genotoxicity of bergapten and bergamot oil in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed: In vitro photostability and photosensitizing properties of bergamot oil. Effects of a cinnamate sunscreen.
PubMed: A quantitative in vitro assay for the evaluation of phototoxic potential of topically applied materials.
PubMed: Phytophotodermatitis.
PubMed: [Contact dermatitis caused by bergamot oil].
PubMed: Inhibition of bergaptene toxicity by UV-A filters.
PubMed: [Phototoxicity of Bergamot oil. Comparison between humans and guinea pigs].
PubMed: A study of oil of bergamot and its importance as a phototoxic agent. II. Factors which affect the phototoxic reaction induced by bergamot oil and psoralen derivatives.
PubMed: [Accidents due to tanning cosmetics with a base of bergamot oil].
PubMed: [The zinc oxide and bergamot oil gingival dressing and rationale of its preparation].
PubMed: [Simplified method of preparation of the zinc oxide-bergamot oil gingival dressing].
PubMed: [EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GINGIVAL DRESSING WITH BERGAMOT OIL].
PubMed: [Chemical composition of the endocarpus of the fruit of bergamot (Citrus bergamia, Risso)].
PubMed: [Vitamin content of bergamot].
PubMed: [Not Available].
PubMed: Local sensitization of the skin to Grenz rays by bergamot oil.
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