Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | pale yellow to yellow clear liquid (est) |
Assay: | 97.00 to 100.00 %
|
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 1.03100 to 1.03700 @ 25.00 °C.
|
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 8.579 to 8.629
|
Refractive Index: | 1.55400 to 1.56300 @ 20.00 °C.
|
Boiling Point: | 101.00 to 102.00 °C. @ 19.00 mm Hg
|
Boiling Point: | 96.00 to 98.00 °C. @ 15.00 mm Hg
|
Acid Value: | 1.00 max. KOH/g
|
Vapor Pressure: | 0.101000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Flash Point: | 187.00 °F. TCC ( 86.11 °C. )
|
logP (o/w): | 3.480 (est) |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 62.2 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Insoluble in: |
| water |
Organoleptic Properties:
|
Odor Type: phenolic |
|
Odor Strength: | high , recommend smelling in a 1.00 % solution or less |
|
| chemical phenolic smoky tobacco |
Odor Description: at 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol. | chemical phenolic smoke tobacco |
|
| chemical resinous phenolic smoky tobacco pungent licorice black licorice leathery smoky bacon meaty |
Odor Description: at 1.00 %. | Chemical tar-like, phenolic, smoky, tobacco, slightly pungent with a hint of black licorice drops, leather, cade oil and smoky bacon meaty Mosciano, Gerard, P&F No. 5th ed., 30, 48, (2005) |
|
|
Flavor Type: chemical |
|
| chemical burnt woody coumarinic tobacco whiskey fusel resinous |
Taste Description: at 2.00 ppm. | Chemical, burnt woody, coumarin-like, tobacco, whiskey and slightly fusel like, tarry with a lingering aftertaste Mosciano, Gerard, P&F No. 5th ed., 30, 48, (2005) |
|
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
|
|
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
|
Hazards identification |
|
Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
|
Pictogram | |
|
Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
Not determined
|
Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
|
Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
Recommendation for 2,3-dimethyl benzofuran usage levels up to: | | 0.0500 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
|
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.52 (μg/capita/day) |
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.01 (μg/capita/day) |
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 160 (μg/person/day) |
Threshold of Concern: | 90 (μg/person/day) |
Structure Class: | III |
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 11 |
Click here to view publication 11 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 2.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | - |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | - |
condiments / relishes: | - | 1.00000 |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | - |
fruit ices: | - | - |
gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | - | - |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | 1.00000 |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | 1.00000 |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | 1.00000 |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
|
Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). |
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. |
| average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg |
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 0.43000 | - |
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | 0.50000 | 1.40000 |
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | 0.17000 | - |
Processed fruit (04.1): | - | - |
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - |
Confectionery (05.0): | 0.01700 | 0.04300 |
Chewing gum (05.0): | - | - |
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | - | - |
Bakery wares (07.0): | - | - |
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | - | - |
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | - | - |
Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - |
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - |
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | 0.43000 | - |
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | - | - |
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | 0.23000 | 1.40000 |
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | 0.54000 | 2.90000 |
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | - | - |
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA): | Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 67 (FGE.67): Consideration of 40 furan-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and related esters, sulfides, disulfides and ethers evaluated by JECFA at the 65th meeting (JECFA, 2006b) and re-evaluated at the 69th meeting (JECFA, 2009c) View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 67, Revision 1 (FGE.67Rev.1): Consideration of 40 furan-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and related esters, sulfides, disulfides and ethers evaluated by JECFA at the 65th meeting (JECFA, 2006b) and re-evaluated at the 69th meeting (JECFA, 2009c) View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 67 Revision 2 (FGE.67Rev2): Consideration of 28 furan-substituted compounds evaluated by JECFA at the 55th, 65th and 69th meetings (JECFA, 2001, 2006a, 2009b) View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 67, Revision 3 (FGE.67Rev3): consideration of 23 furan-substituted compounds evaluated by JECFA at the 55th, 65th, 69th and 86th meetings View page or View pdf |
EPI System: | View |
AIDS Citations: | Search |
Cancer Citations: | Search |
Toxicology Citations: | Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 3782-00-1 |
EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 2734646 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
WGK Germany: | 3 |
| 2,3-dimethyl-1-benzofuran |
Chemidplus: | 0003782001 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
|
For Odor |
amber |
amber |
| ambrette seed absolute | FL/FR |
animal |
iso | butyl quinoline | FR |
2-iso | butyl quinoline | FR |
iso | butyl quinoline | FR |
6-tert- | butyl-meta-cresol | FL/FR |
| castoreum resinoid | FL/FR |
| castoreum resinoid replacer | FR |
| leather fragrance | FR |
6- | methyl quinoline | FL/FR |
anise |
| anise seed oil | FL/FR |
star | anise seed oil china | FL/FR |
| anise seed oil colombia | FL/FR |
star | anise seed oil spain | FL/FR |
balsamic |
| amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
sumatra | benzoin absolute | FL/FR |
siam | benzoin CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| benzoin essence | FR |
| guaiacyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
cereal |
| bran absolute | FR |
chocolate |
| vanillyl ethyl ether | FL/FR |
coffee |
| furfuryl mercaptan | FL/FR |
floral |
alpha- | amyl cinnamyl acetate | FL/FR |
| boronia butenal | FR |
| cananga oil | FL/FR |
| cananga oil china | FL/FR |
| citronellol | FL/FR |
delta- | damascone | FL/FR |
| dimethyl octanol | FL/FR |
| floral methanol | FR |
| orris pyridine 25% IPM | FR |
| tobacco flower absolute | FR |
fruity |
alpha- | amyl cinnamyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| cyclohexanone diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
(Z)-beta- | damascone | FL/FR |
(E)-beta- | damascone | FL/FR |
beta- | damascone | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
| leather propionate | FR |
| osmanthus flower absolute | FL/FR |
fungal |
| methyl 2-furoate | FL/FR |
green |
3,7- | dimethyl-6-octenoic acid | FL/FR |
| oakmoss oil | FR |
| phenoxyacetaldehyde 50% in benzyl alcohol | FR |
| yerba mate leaf oil | FL/FR |
hay |
| beeswax absolute | FL/FR |
| hay absolute | FR |
| tobacco leaf absolute | FL/FR |
| woodruff absolute | FR |
herbal |
| cananga fruit oil | FR |
| matricaria chamomilla flower oil | FL/FR |
| methyl nicotinate | FL/FR |
| saffron indenone | FL/FR |
| safranal | FL/FR |
| theaspirane | FL/FR |
| thyme undecane | FR |
gamma- | valerolactone | FL/FR |
| yerba mate absolute | FL/FR |
honey |
| phenyl acetic acid | FL/FR |
leathery |
4-tert- | butyl phenol | CS |
| castoreum absolute | FL/FR |
| leather cyclohexanol | FR |
russian | leather fragrance | FR |
| leather specialty | FR |
russian | leather specialty | FR |
marine |
| marine pyridine | FR |
musty |
ketoiso | phorone | FL/FR |
nutty |
2,3- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
orris |
2(1)- | orris butanal | FL/FR |
phenolic |
| betel leaf oil replacer | FR |
meta- | cresol | FR |
ortho- | guaiacol | FL/FR |
2'- | hydroxyacetophenone | FL/FR |
4- | methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
| piper betle leaf oil | FR |
2- | propyl phenol | FL/FR |
2-iso | propyl phenol | FL/FR |
2,5- | xylenol | FL/FR |
popcorn |
2- | acetyl pyridine | FL/FR |
pungent |
| naphthalene | FR |
smoky |
| beech wood creosote | FL/FR |
| birch tar oil | FL/FR |
| cade oil | FR |
2,6- | dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
alpha- | ethoxy-ortho-cresol | FL/FR |
4- | ethyl phenol | FL/FR |
| phoebe oil brazil | |
| propyl paraben | CS |
| pyroligneous acids | FL/FR |
| pyroligneous acids hickory | FL/FR |
spicy |
| cananga leaf oil | FR |
| cubeb oil | FL/FR |
| cuminyl alcohol | FL/FR |
N,N- | diethyl octanamide | FR |
4- | ethyl guaiacol | FL/FR |
4- | methyl guaiacol | FL/FR |
| pepper tree berry oil | FL/FR |
tobacco |
para- | cresyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
3- | ethyl pyridine | FL/FR |
| methyl benzoxole | FL/FR |
| tobacco concrete | FR |
(E,E/E,Z)- | tobacco cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
| veltonal (Bedoukian) | FR |
tonka |
| deertongue absolute | FR |
gamma- | hexalactone | FL/FR |
| mint lactone | FL/FR |
| saffron resinoid | FL/FR |
| tonka undecanone | FR |
| whiskey lactone | FL/FR |
tropical |
| genet absolute | FL/FR |
vanilla |
| ethyl vanillin hexylene glycol acetal | FR |
| propenyl guaethol | FL/FR |
woody |
| amber decatriene | FR |
alpha- | cedrene epoxide | FR |
| guaiacyl acetate | FL/FR |
iso | longifolene ketone | FR |
| methyl cedryl ketone | FL/FR |
| tobacarol (IFF) | FR |
| tobacco nonene | FR |
| woody dioxolane | FR |
| woody ether | FR |
|
For Flavor |
|
No flavor group found for these |
| amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| benzyl disulfide | FL |
| birch tar oil | FL/FR |
6-tert- | butyl-meta-cresol | FL/FR |
| capsicum oleoresin | FL |
| cyclohexanone diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
2,6- | dimethoxy-4-vinyl phenol | FL |
alpha- | ethoxy-ortho-cresol | FL/FR |
| fig leaf absolute | FL |
2- | furfurylidene butyraldehyde | FL |
| methyl nicotinate | FL/FR |
1- | methyl pyrrole | FL |
2(1)- | orris butanal | FL/FR |
| phoebe oil brazil | |
| prenyl mercaptan | FL |
2- | propyl phenol | FL/FR |
2- | propyl pyridine | FL |
| yerba mate leaf oil | FL/FR |
|
beta- | damascone | FL/FR |
animal |
| castoreum resinoid | FL/FR |
6- | methyl quinoline | FL/FR |
anise |
| anise seed oil | FL/FR |
star | anise seed oil china | FL/FR |
| anise seed oil colombia | FL/FR |
star | anise seed oil spain | FL/FR |
brown |
| beeswax absolute | FL/FR |
burnt |
| bacon dithiazine | FL |
caramellic |
3- | ethyl pyridine | FL/FR |
| methyl 2-furoate | FL/FR |
citrus |
ketoiso | phorone | FL/FR |
coffee |
| furfuryl mercaptan | FL/FR |
cooling |
| theaspirane | FL/FR |
corn |
2- | acetyl pyridine | FL/FR |
creamy |
gamma- | hexalactone | FL/FR |
| mint lactone | FL/FR |
earthy |
alpha- | amyl cinnamyl acetate | FL/FR |
fatty |
| dimethyl octanol | FL/FR |
floral |
| cananga oil | FL/FR |
| cananga oil china | FL/FR |
| citronellol | FL/FR |
3,7- | dimethyl-6-octenoic acid | FL/FR |
| phenyl acetic acid | FL/FR |
fruity |
alpha- | amyl cinnamyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
(E)-beta- | damascone | FL/FR |
(Z)-beta- | damascone | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
| osmanthus flower absolute | FL/FR |
grassy |
| tobacco leaf absolute | FL/FR |
hay |
| genet absolute | FL/FR |
herbal |
| clover herb distillate (melilotus officinalis) | FL |
| matricaria chamomilla flower oil | FL/FR |
| saffron indenone | FL/FR |
| yerba mate absolute | FL/FR |
leathery |
| castoreum absolute | FL/FR |
meaty |
4- | allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | FL |
ortho- | thioguaiacol | FL |
medicinal |
2,6- | dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
musty |
2,5- | xylenol | FL/FR |
naphthyl |
2'- | hydroxyacetophenone | FL/FR |
nutty |
2,3- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| methyl benzoxole | FL/FR |
(E,E/E,Z)- | tobacco cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
onion |
2- | methyl-1,3-dithiolane | FL |
phenolic |
para- | cresyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| guaiacyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
4- | methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
rummy |
| vanillyl ethyl ether | FL/FR |
smoky |
| beech wood creosote | FL/FR |
4- | ethyl phenol | FL/FR |
| pyroligneous acids | FL/FR |
| pyroligneous acids hickory | FL/FR |
dextro- | xylose | FL |
solvent |
2-iso | propyl phenol | FL/FR |
spicy |
sumatra | benzoin absolute | FL/FR |
siam | benzoin CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| chipotle chili oleoresin | FL |
| cubeb oil | FL/FR |
| cuminyl alcohol | FL/FR |
4- | methyl guaiacol | FL/FR |
| paprika oleoresin | FL |
| pepper tree berry oil | FL/FR |
sweet |
| saffron resinoid | FL/FR |
tonka |
gamma- | valerolactone | FL/FR |
vanilla |
| propenyl guaethol | FL/FR |
woody |
| ambrette seed absolute | FL/FR |
delta- | damascone | FL/FR |
4- | ethyl guaiacol | FL/FR |
ortho- | guaiacol | FL/FR |
| guaiacyl acetate | FL/FR |
| methyl cedryl ketone | FL/FR |
| safranal | FL/FR |
| whiskey lactone | FL/FR |
|
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| benzofuran, 2,3-dimethyl- | 2,3- | dimethyl-1-benzofuran | | dimethylbenzofuran | 2,3- | dimethylbenzofuran | 2,3- | dimethylcoumarone |
Articles:
|