Name: | thymus vulgaris l. |
FDA internal no.: | 977052-36-0 |
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Category: spices, other natural seasonings and flavorings
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Organoleptic Properties:
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Odor Type: herbal |
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| thyme |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | thyme |
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Flavor Type: herbal |
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| thyme |
Taste Description:
| thyme |
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Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | spices, other natural seasonings and flavorings |
Recommendation for thyme usage levels up to: | | not for fragrance use.
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Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 550.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 13.00000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | - |
condiments / relishes: | - | - |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | - |
fruit ices: | - | - |
gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | - | 5.00000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | 360.00000 |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | 500.00000 | 1000.00000 |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
Wikipedia: | View |
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| plant material derived from the dried, crushed leaves of the thyme, thymus vulgaris l., lamiaceae | | thyme | | thyme bulgaria organic | | thyme whole or ground, available as 100% certified organic | | thymus vulgaris leaf |
Articles:
PubMed: | Antimicrobial effect against different bacterial strains and bacterial adaptation to essential oils used as feed additives. |
PubMed: | Comparative inhibitory effects of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and mesophilic starter co-culture in cheese-mimicking models. |
PubMed: | Anti-adhesion activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) extract, thyme post-distillation waste, and olive (Olea europea L.) leaf extract against Campylobacter jejuni on polystyrene and intestine epithelial cells. |
PubMed: | Enriching the drinking water of rats with extracts of Salvia officinalis and Thymus vulgaris increases their resistance to oxidative stress. |
PubMed: | Studies on Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Five Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oils. |
PubMed: | Enhanced bactericidal effect of enterocin A in combination with thyme essential oils against L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of Natural Compounds of Plant Origin for Inactivation of Enteric Viruses. |
PubMed: | Herbs and spices: characterization and quantitation of biologically-active markers for routine quality control by multiple headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with separative or non-separative analysis. |
PubMed: | Enhancing stability of essential oils by microencapsulation for preservation of button mushroom during postharvest. |
PubMed: | Antifungal properties and inhibitory effects upon aflatoxin production of Thymus vulgaris L. by Aspergillus flavus Link. |
PubMed: | Extraction of thymol from different varieties of thyme plants using green solvents. |
PubMed: | Thymus vulgaris (thyme) inhibits proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion of human colorectal cancer cells. |
PubMed: | Occurrence of Stachybotrys chartarum chemotype S in dried culinary herbs. |
PubMed: | Screening for bioactive metabolites in plant extracts modulating glucose uptake and fat accumulation. |
PubMed: | Comparison of Soxhlet, accelerated solvent and supercritical fluid extraction techniques for volatile (GC-MS and GC/FID) and phenolic compounds (HPLC-ESI/MS/MS) from Lamiaceae species. |
PubMed: | Decoction, infusion and hydroalcoholic extract of cultivated thyme: antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and phenolic characterisation. |
PubMed: | Antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiation activities of some Cameroonian food plants against multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria. |
PubMed: | Dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) supplementation to growing rabbits: effects on raw and cooked meat quality, nutrient true retention and oxidative stability. |
PubMed: | Effects of thyme as a feed additive in broiler chickens on thymol in gut contents, blood plasma, liver and muscle. |
PubMed: | Antibacterial activity against Clostridium genus and antiradical activity of the essential oils from different origin. |
PubMed: | Activity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil against Anisakis larvae. |
PubMed: | Essential oils of thyme and Rosemary in the control of Listeria monocytogenes in raw beef. |
PubMed: | Impact of shortwave ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation on the antioxidant activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). |
PubMed: | Prospective evaluation of potential toxicity of repeated doses of Thymus vulgaris L. extracts in rats by means of clinical chemistry, histopathology and NMR-based metabonomic approach. |
PubMed: | Prolonging storage time of baby ginger by using a sand-based storage medium and essential oil treatment. |
PubMed: | The polyphenolic content of common lamiaceae species available as herbal tea products in Romanian pharmacies. |
PubMed: | Thymus vulgaris essential oil: chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. |
PubMed: | Identification and characterization of dimeric oxidation products of p-cymene-2,3-diol isolated from Thymus vulgaris L. |
PubMed: | The effect of vacuum packaging, EDTA, oregano and thyme oils on the microbiological quality of chicken's breast. |
PubMed: | Effects of Salvia officinalis and Thymus vulgaris on oxidant-induced DNA damage and antioxidant status in HepG2 cells. |
PubMed: | Cytotoxic impact of phenolics from Lamiaceae species on human breast cancer cells. |
PubMed: | Antioxidant and anti-glycation activities correlates with phenolic composition of tropical medicinal herbs. |
PubMed: | Modelling drying kinetics of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.): theoretical and empirical models, and neural networks. |
PubMed: | The evaluation of a fast and simple pesticide multiresidue method in various herbs by gas chromatography. |
PubMed: | Efficacy of plant essential oils on postharvest control of rots caused by fungi on different stone fruits in vivo. |
PubMed: | The enhancement of antioxidant compounds extracted from Thymus vulgaris using enzymes and the effect of extracting solvent. |
PubMed: | Assessment of inhibitory potential of essential oils on natural mycoflora and Fusarium mycotoxins production in wheat. |
PubMed: | Relationship between total phenolic content, antioxidant potential, and antiglycation abilities of common culinary herbs and spices. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of the control ability of five essential oils against Aspergillus section Nigri growth and ochratoxin A accumulation in peanut meal extract agar conditioned at different water activities levels. |
PubMed: | Effects of temperature and time on polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity in the pressurized hot water extraction of deodorized thyme (Thymus vulgaris). |
PubMed: | Chemical composition, olfactory analysis and antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris chemotypes geraniol, 4-thujanol/terpinen-4-ol, thymol and linalool cultivated in southern France. |
PubMed: | Repellency of essential oils to Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as affected by type of oil and polymer release. |
PubMed: | Effects of Thymol and Carvacrol, Constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil, on the Inflammatory Response. |
PubMed: | The effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oils on Brochothrix thermosphacta and on the shelf life of beef packaged in high-oxygen modified atmosphere. |
PubMed: | Antioxidative effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) in sunflower oil. |
PubMed: | The effects of kale (Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala), basil (Ocimum basilicum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) as forage material in organic egg production on egg quality. |
PubMed: | In vitro inhibitory activity of essential oil vapors against Ascosphaera apis. |
PubMed: | Comparative study of rosmarinic acid content in some plants of Labiatae family. |
PubMed: | An investigation on characteristics of rainbow trout coated using chitosan assisted with thyme essential oil. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial activity of food-compatible plant extracts and chitosan against naturally occurring micro-organisms in tomato juice. |
PubMed: | Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in the Serra de Mariola Natural Park, South-Eastern Spain. |
PubMed: | The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and extracts of some medicinal plants grown in Ash-shoubak region - South of Jordan. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of essential oils for maintaining postharvest quality of Thompson seedless table grape. |
PubMed: | Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of carvacrol on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG-2. |
PubMed: | Application of response surface methodology to optimize pressurized liquid extraction of antioxidant compounds from sage (Salvia officinalis L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). |
PubMed: | Antioxidant properties of Thymus vulgaris oil against aflatoxin-induce oxidative stress in male rats. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils against bacterial and fungal species involved in food poisoning and/or food decay. |
PubMed: | Herbicidal activity of volatiles from coriander, winter savory, cotton lavender, and thyme isolated by hydrodistillation and supercritical fluid extraction. |
PubMed: | An attempt of postharvest orange fruit rot control using essential oils from Mediterranean plants. |
PubMed: | Biodegradable gelatin-chitosan films incorporated with essential oils as antimicrobial agents for fish preservation. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition and antioxidant and anti-Listeria activities of essential oils obtained from some Egyptian plants. |
PubMed: | Inhibition of growth and caseinase production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli 28 by combination of low pH and NaCl, potassium sorbate or Thymus vulgaris extract. |
PubMed: | Anthelmintic effects of phytogenic feed additives in Ascaris suum inoculated pigs. |
PubMed: | Influence of growth regulators in biomass production and volatile profile of in vitro plantlets of Thymus vulgaris L. |
PubMed: | Effects of water extracts of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on alcohol abuse. |
PubMed: | Food preservative potential of essential oils and fractions from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Thymus vulgaris against mycotoxigenic fungi. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species and their antifungal activities. |
PubMed: | Comparison of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation withthe traditional hydrodistillation method in the extractionof essential oils from Thymus vulgaris L. |
PubMed: | Antioxidative properties of Thymus vulgaris leaves: comparison of different extracts and essential oil chemotypes. |
PubMed: | Antibacterial efficiency of Spanish Satureja montana essential oil against Listeria monocytogenes among natural flora in minced pork. |
PubMed: | Acaricidal activity of Thymus vulgaris oil and its main components against Tyrophagus putrescentiae, a stored food mite. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of antibacterial activity of selected Iranian essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in nutrient broth medium. |
PubMed: | Effect of gamma and e-beam radiation on the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris thymoliferum, Eucalyptus radiata, and Lavandula angustifolia. |
PubMed: | Vapor-phase activities of cinnamon, thyme, and oregano essential oils and key constituents against foodborne microorganisms. |
PubMed: | The effects of essential oils and aqueous tea infusions of oregano (Origanum vulgare L. spp. hirtum), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) on the copper-induced oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins. |
PubMed: | Enhancing the retention of phytochemicals and organoleptic attributes in muscadine grape juice through a combined approach between dense phase CO2 processing and copigmentation. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial effects of selected plant essential oils on the growth of a Pseudomonas putida strain isolated from meat. |
PubMed: | Testing of the palatability of Thymus vulgaris L. and Origanum vulgare L. as flavouring feed additive for weaner pigs on the basis of a choice experiment. |
PubMed: | Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some lamiaceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils. |
PubMed: | A chemical polymorphism in a multitrophic setting: thyme monoterpene composition and food web structure. |
PubMed: | Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaves and its constituents increase the activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in mouse liver. |
PubMed: | Antioxidant capacity of some herbs/spices from cameroon: a comparative study of two methods. |
PubMed: | Respiratory effects of exposure to dust from herbs. |
PubMed: | Volatile components and key odorants of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil extracts obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. |
PubMed: | RP-HPLC analysis of the phenolic compounds of plant extracts. investigation of their antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of five essential oils from aromatic plants of Cameroon for controlling food spoilage and mycotoxin producing fungi. |
PubMed: | In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants against selected foodborne pathogens. |
PubMed: | Composition and functional properties of the essential oil of amazonian basil, Ocimum micranthum Willd., Labiatae in comparison with commercial essential oils. |
PubMed: | Influence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition of thyme (Thymus vulgaris). |
PubMed: | Essential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors. |
PubMed: | Effects of herbal essential oils used to extend the shelf life of freshwater-reared Asian sea bass fish (Lates calcarifer). |
PubMed: | Antibacterial activity of selected plant essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7. |
PubMed: | Human platelet aggregation inhibitors from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). |
PubMed: | Antioxidant activity of chemical components from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) measured by the oil stability index method. |
PubMed: | Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs. |
PubMed: | Correlation between the chemical and genetic relationships among commercial thyme cultivars. |
PubMed: | Acute, sublethal, antifeedant, and synergistic effects of monoterpenoid essential oil compounds on the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lep., Noctuidae). |
PubMed: | Phenolic antioxidants from herbs and spices. |
PubMed: | Inhibition of Aeromonas caviae and A. sobria by sodium choloride, citric acid, ascorbic acid, potassium sorbate and extracts of Thymus vulgaris. |
PubMed: | GC-MS analysis of essential oils from some Greek aromatic plants and their fungitoxicity on Penicillium digitatum. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. |
PubMed: | Azo dye-mediated regulation of total phenolics and peroxidase activity in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) clonal lines. |
PubMed: | Acetophenone glycosides from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L. measured using a bioimpedometric method. |
PubMed: | Food-borne pathogens, health and role of dietary phytochemicals. |
PubMed: | Control of Aspergillus flavus in maize with plant essential oils and their components. |
PubMed: | Labiatae allergy: systemic reactions due to ingestion of oregano and thyme. |
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