Category: firming agents, flavor enhancers, flavoring agents, humectants, pH control agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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| FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices: |
184.1099 | L(+) tartaric acid View - review |
GRN 187 | L(+) Tartaric acid (alternative method of manufacture) View - notice PDF |
EU SANCO | Tartaric acid (L(+)-) View - review |
JECFA Food Flavoring: | 621 tartaric acid (+)-, (-)-, (+/-)-, meso- |
JECFA Food Additive: | L(+)-Tartaric Acid |
GSFA Codex: | L(+)-Tartaric acid (334) |
DG SANTE Food Additives: | (+)-L-tartaric acid |
DG SANTE Food Contact Materials: | (+)-L-tartaric acid |
FEMA Number: | 3044 tartaric acid (+)-, (-)-, (+/-)-, meso- |
FDA: | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
FDA Mainterm (SATF): | 87-69-4 ; TARTARIC ACID, L |
FDA Regulation: | FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products Sec. 150.141 Artificially sweetened fruit jelly.
FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products Sec. 150.161 Artificially sweetened fruit preserves and jams.
FDA PART 163 -- CACAO PRODUCTS Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cacao Products Sec. 163.110 Cacao nibs.
FDA PART 163 -- CACAO PRODUCTS Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cacao Products Sec. 163.111 Chocolate liquor.
FDA PART 163 -- CACAO PRODUCTS Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cacao Products Sec. 163.112 Breakfast cocoa.
FDA PART 184 -- DIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE Subpart B--Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS Sec. 184.1099 Tartaric acid.
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Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless crystals (est) |
Assay: | 99.50 to 100.00 %
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Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | Yes |
Melting Point: | 170.00 to 172.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Boiling Point: | 399.26 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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Vapor Density: | 5.18 ( Air = 1 ) |
Flash Point: | 302.00 °F. TCC ( 150.00 °C. )
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logP (o/w): | -1.426 (est) |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 5.82E+05 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp) |
Organoleptic Properties:
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Odor Type: odorless |
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Odor Strength: | none |
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Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | odorless |
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Flavor Type: acidic |
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| tart acidic |
Taste Description:
| tart acidic |
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Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | Xi - Irritant |
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-dog LDLo 5000 mg/kg Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition. Vol. 39, Pg. 275, 1950.
intravenous-mouse LD50 485 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
BLOOD: HEMORRHAGE Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Vol. 5, Pg. 759, 1957.
oral-rabbit LDLo 5000 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Vol. 15, Pg. 628, 1923.
oral-rat LDLo 7500 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0555808
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Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | firming agents, flavor enhancers, flavoring agents, humectants, pH control agents |
Recommendation for laevo-(+)-tartaric acid usage levels up to: | | not for fragrance use.
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Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 1300.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 960.00000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | 3700.00000 |
condiments / relishes: | - | 10000.00000 |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | 570.00000 |
fruit ices: | - | 570.00000 |
gelatins / puddings: | - | 60.00000 |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | - | 5400.00000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | - |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Re-evaluation of l(+)-tartaric acid (E 334), sodium tartrates (E 335), potassium tartrates (E 336), potassium sodium tartrate (E 337) and calcium tartrate (E 354) as food additives View page or View pdf |
Re-evaluation of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono- and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a-f) as food additives View page or View pdf |
EPI System: | View |
ClinicalTrials.gov: | search |
Daily Med: | search |
AIDS Citations: | Search |
Cancer Citations: | Search |
Toxicology Citations: | Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 87-69-4 |
EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 444305 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
WGK Germany: | 1 |
| (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid |
Chemidplus: | 0000087694 |
RTECS: | WW7875000 for cas# 87-69-4 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| acidum tartaricum | | butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (2R,3R)- | (2R,3R)-2,3- | dihydroxybutane dioic acid | (R-(R*,R*))-2,3- | dihydroxybutane dioic acid | (2R,3R)-2,3- | dihydroxybutanedioic acid | [R-(R*,R*)]-2,3- | dihydroxybutanedioic acid | L-2,3- | dihydroxybutanedioic acid | 1,2- | dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid | (2R,3R)-2,3- | dihydroxysuccinic acid | 2,3- | dihydroxysuccinic acid | delta-alpha,beta- | dihydroxysuccinic acid | (+)- | tartaric acid | (+)-(2R,3R)- | tartaric acid | (+)-(R,R)- | tartaric acid | (+)-L- | tartaric acid | (+)-laevo- | tartaric acid | (2R,3R)-(+)- | tartaric acid | (R,R)- | tartaric acid | delta- | tartaric acid | L- | tartaric acid | L-(+) - | tartaric acid | L-(+)- | tartaric acid | laevo- | tartaric acid | | tartaric acid (+)-, (-)-, (+/-)-, meso- | L- | tartaric acid natural | | tartaric acid NF FCC granular | L- | threaric acid |
Articles:
PubMed: | Crystal structure of 2-amino-4-methyl-pyridin-1-ium (2R,3R)-3-carb-oxy-2,3-di-hydroxy-propano-ate monohydrate. |
PubMed: | Revisiting the sparteine surrogate: development of a resolution route to the (-)-sparteine surrogate. |
PubMed: | The journey of l-tartaric acid in the world of enantiomerically pure bis- and trisadducts of C60 with the inherently chiral trans-3 and all-trans-3 addition patterns. |
PubMed: | Cloning, homology modeling, and reaction mechanism analysis of a novel cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase from Klebsiella sp. |
PubMed: | Purification and characterization of a novel cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase from Klebsiella sp. that produces L(+)-tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | [Production of L(+)-tartaric acid by immobilized Rhizobium strain BK-20]. |
PubMed: | Li(+)-induced selective gelation of discrete homochiral structural isomers derived from L-tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | [Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on 5-keto-gluconic acid production]. |
PubMed: | Comparison of extraction protocols to determine differences in wine-extractable tannin and anthocyanin in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. |
PubMed: | A C2-symmetric chiral pool-based flexible strategy: synthesis of (+)- and (-)-shikimic acids, (+)- and (-)-4-epi-shikimic acids, and (+)- and (-)-pinitol. |
PubMed: | Improvement of the production efficiency of L-(+)-tartaric acid by heterogeneous whole-cell bioconversion. |
PubMed: | Growth, molecular structure, NBO analysis and vibrational spectral analysis of l-tartaric acid single crystal. |
PubMed: | Physico chemical properties of L-asparagine L-tartaric acid single crystals: a new nonlinear optical material. |
PubMed: | Subchronic and reproductive/developmental (screening level) toxicity of complexation products of iron trichloride and sodium tartrate (FemTA). |
PubMed: | Structure elucidation of host-guest complexes of tartaric and malic acids by quasi-racemic crystallography. |
PubMed: | Enantioseparation of tartaric acid by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis using contactless conductivity detection. |
PubMed: | Evidence of metabolic switching and implications for food safety from the phenome(s) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 cultured at selected points across the pork production food chain. |
PubMed: | Three salts from the reactions of cysteamine and cystamine with L-(+)-tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | Monolayer behavior of asymmetrical ester-type tartaric gemini amphiphiles. |
PubMed: | Hexavalent chromium reduction in solution and in chromite ore processing residue-enriched soil by tartaric Acid with isopropyl alcohol and divalent manganese as co-reductants. |
PubMed: | Additives promote Noyori-type reductions of a β-keto-γ-lactam: asymmetric syntheses of serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. |
PubMed: | Synthesis of substituted hydantoins in low melting mixtures. |
PubMed: | Polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine alkaloids from transannular iodoaminations: application to the asymmetric syntheses of (-)-hyacinthacine A1, (-)-7a-epi-hyacinthacine A1, (-)-hyacinthacine A2, and (-)-1-epi-alexine. |
PubMed: | Optimization of the selective preparation of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 catalyzed by d, l-tartaric acid using response surface methodology. |
PubMed: | Fast dissolving eutectic compositions of curcumin. |
PubMed: | Expression and production of recombinant cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase in Escherichia coli under the control of temperature-dependent promoter. |
PubMed: | Measurements of thermodynamic and optical properties of selected aqueous organic and organic-inorganic mixtures of atmospheric relevance. |
PubMed: | Supramolecular chirality in organo-, hydro-, and metallogels derived from bis-amides of L-(+)-tartaric acid: formation of highly aligned 1D silica fibers and evidence of 5-c net SnS topology in a metallogel network. |
PubMed: | Resorcinarene-based cavitands with chiral amino acid substituents for chiral amine recognition. |
PubMed: | Efficiency and stability enhancement of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase by fusion with a carbohydrate binding module and immobilization onto cellulose. |
PubMed: | Ion chromatographic separation of inorganic ions using a combination of hydrophilic interaction chromatographic column and cation-exchange resin column. |
PubMed: | Hydrochloride salt co-crystals: preparation, characterization and physicochemical studies. |
PubMed: | Enantioseparation of racemic mixtures based on solvent sublation. |
PubMed: | Crystal engineering of stable temozolomide cocrystals. |
PubMed: | High yield recombinant expression, characterization and homology modeling of two types of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolases. |
PubMed: | Structural, vibrational and thermal studies of a new nonlinear optical material: L-asparagine-L-tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | Amphiphilic Schiff base organogels: metal-ion-mediated chiral twists and chiral recognition. |
PubMed: | Bis(imidazolium) L-tartrate: a hydrogen-bonded displacive-type molecular ferroelectric material. |
PubMed: | [(4S,5S)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-di-yl]bis-[N-(thio-phen-2-yl-methyl-idene)methanamine]. |
PubMed: | Synthesis of chiral and modifiable hexahydroxydiphenoyl compounds. |
PubMed: | Production of starch with antioxidative activity by baking starch with organic acids. |
PubMed: | Construction of hydrogen-bonded ternary organic crystals derived from L-tartaric acid and their application to enantioseparation of secondary alcohols. |
PubMed: | Active site analysis of cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase from Nocardia tartaricans using homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. |
PubMed: | Determination of tafenoquine in dried blood spots and plasma using LC and fluorescence detection. |
PubMed: | Homochiral frameworks formed by reactions of lanthanide ions with a chiral antimony tartrate secondary building unit. |
PubMed: | Investigation of the low-frequency vibrations of crystalline tartaric acid using terahertz spectroscopy and solid-state density functional theory. |
PubMed: | Bis(tetra-ethyl-ammonium) bis-(hydrogen l-tartrate) l-tartaric acid monohydrate. |
PubMed: | The role of light in the regulation of ascorbate metabolism during berry development in the cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera L. |
PubMed: | Chiral donor photoinduced-electron-transfer (d-PET) boronic acid chemosensors for the selective recognition of tartaric acids, disaccharides, and ginsenosides. |
PubMed: | Reactive electrospinning and biodegradation of cross-linked methacrylated polycarbonate nanofibers. |
PubMed: | Effects of hydrophobic chain length on temperature dependence of monolayer behavior of ester-type tartaric geminis. |
PubMed: | Mild and expedient asymmetric reductions of α,β-unsaturated alkenyl and alkynyl ketones by TarB-NO2 and mechanistic investigations of ketone reduction. |
PubMed: | High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of (R,S)-fluoxetine using Marfey's reagent and (S)-N-(4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl) phenylalanine methoxyethyl ester as chiral derivatizing reagents along with direct thin-layer chromatographic resolution and isolation of enantiomers using L-tartaric acid as mobile phase additive. |
PubMed: | Total regioselective control of tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | Synthesis of Biodegradable Amphiphilic Y-shaped Block Co-polymers via Ring-Opening Polymerization for Drug Delivery. |
PubMed: | Phenyl-ring rotational disorder in the two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structure of the 1:1 proton-transfer salt of the diazo-dye precursor 4-(phenyldiazenyl)aniline (aniline yellow) with L-tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | HPLC and TLC enantioseparation of the nitro-positioned aryloxysubstituted aminopropanols. |
PubMed: | Metal(II)-ligand molar ratio dependence of enantioseparation of tartaric acid by ligand exchange CE with Cu(II) and Ni(II)-D-quinic acid systems. |
PubMed: | Three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structures in the 1:1 proton-transfer compounds of L-tartaric acid with the associative-group monosubstituted pyridines 3-aminopyridine, 3-carboxypyridine (nicotinic acid) and 2-carboxypyridine (picolinic acid). |
PubMed: | l-Asparagine-l-tartaric acid (1/1). |
PubMed: | The discovery of novel tartrate-based TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors. |
PubMed: | Phase selection and energetics in chiral alkaline Earth tartrates and their racemic and meso analogues: synthetic, structural, computational, and calorimetric studies. |
PubMed: | Crystal structure of MqnD (TTHA1568), a menaquinone biosynthetic enzyme from Thermus thermophilus HB8. |
PubMed: | On the interactions of alkyl 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids with alkoxysilanes 2. Complexation and esterification of di- and tricarboxylic acids. |
PubMed: | Synthesis, conformation and chiroptical properties of diaryl esters of tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | [Phosphatase activity in Amoeba proteus at low pH]. |
PubMed: | Synthesis of a novel, optically active uridine analog containing a 1,4-dioxane sugar moiety. Synthesis of the corresponding dinucleotide. |
PubMed: | Freeze-drying of proteins in glass solids formed by basic amino acids and dicarboxylic acids. |
PubMed: | Sorption of tartrate ions to lanthanum (III)-modified calcium fluor- and hydroxyapatite. |
PubMed: | Separation and determination of nitroaniline isomers by capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection. |
PubMed: | Enantiopure quaternary alpha-trifluoromethyl-alpha-alkoxyaldehydes from L-tartaric acid derived ketoamides. |
PubMed: | Functionalized polycarbonate derived from tartaric acid: enzymatic ring-opening polymerization of a seven-membered cyclic carbonate. |
PubMed: | Quantitative reconstruction of the nonvolatile sensometabolome of a red wine. |
PubMed: | Highly fluorescent supramolecular gels with chirality transcription through hydrogen bonding. |
PubMed: | Direct enantiomeric TLC resolution of dl-penicillamine using (R)-mandelic acid and l-tartaric acid as chiral impregnating reagents and as chiral mobile phase additive. |
PubMed: | Uptake of glyoxal by organic and Inorganic aerosol. |
PubMed: | Direct TLC resolution of atenolol and propranolol into their enantiomers using three different chiral selectors as impregnating reagents. |
PubMed: | Application of partial least square on quantitative analysis of L-, D-, and DL-tartaric acid by terahertz absorption spectra. |
PubMed: | Synthesis of a bicyclic delta-amino acid as a constrained Gly-Asn dipeptide isostere. |
PubMed: | Comparison of a tartaric acid derived polymeric MRI contrast agent to a small molecule model chelate. |
PubMed: | Intramolecular Diels-Alder/Tsuji allylation assembly of the functionalized trans-decalin of salvinorin A. |
PubMed: | Contribution of wine components to inactivation of food-borne pathogens. |
PubMed: | Enhancement of bioavailability and anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole by solid dispersion and cyclodextrin complexation techniques. |
PubMed: | Control of oenological products: discrimination between different botanical sources of L-tartaric acid by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Chiral separation of sympathomimetics and beta-blockers by ligand-exchange CE using Cu(II) complexes of L-tartaric acid and L-threonine as chiral selectors. |
PubMed: | Inhibiting glycosphingolipid synthesis improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in animal models of type 2 diabetes. |
PubMed: | Chirality induction and protonation-induced molecular motions in helical molecular strands. |
PubMed: | Enantiodivergent synthesis of both enantiomers of gypsy moth pheromone disparlure. |
PubMed: | Sulfate--a candidate for the missing essential factor that is required for the formation of protein haze in white wine. |
PubMed: | Enzyme-mediated preparation of the enantiomerically enriched isomers of the odorous tetrahydropyranyl acetates Jasmal and Jessemal, and their olfactory evaluation. |
PubMed: | Computer aided boar semen motility analysis for cereulide detection in different food matrices. |
PubMed: | Proton-transfer and non-transfer in compounds of quinoline and quinaldic acid with L-tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | Ascorbate as a biosynthetic precursor in plants. |
PubMed: | Recovery of metals from Cuban nickel tailings by leaching with organic acids followed by precipitation and magnetic separation. |
PubMed: | Total synthesis and stereochemistry of the antitumor antibiotic PD 113,271. |
PubMed: | Cloning, sequencing, and expression of a novel epoxide hydrolase gene from Rhodococcus opacus in Escherichia coli and characterization of enzyme. |
PubMed: | [Determination of alkaloids in cigarettes by capillary zone electrophoresis]. |
PubMed: | Modification of the membrane-bound glucose oxidation system in Gluconobacter oxydans significantly increases gluconate and 5-keto-D-gluconic acid accumulation. |
PubMed: | High-yield 5-keto-D-gluconic acid formation is mediated by soluble and membrane-bound gluconate-5-dehydrogenases of Gluconobacter oxydans. |
PubMed: | Brucine salts of L-alpha-hydroxy acids: brucinium hydrogen (S)-malate pentahydrate and anhydrous brucinium hydrogen (2R,3R)-tartrate at 130 K. |
PubMed: | Effects on erythroid differentiation of platinum(II) complexes of synthetic bile acid derivatives. |
PubMed: | A simple method of synthesis of (+/-)-2,3-diarylpiperazines and a novel method of resolution of (+/-)-2,3-diphenylpiperazine. |
PubMed: | Differences in motor activation of voluntary and reflex cough in humans. |
PubMed: | L-tartaric acid synthesis from vitamin C in higher plants. |
PubMed: | Double-headed acyclo C-nucleoside analogues. Functionalized 1,2-bis-(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethane-1,2-diol. |
PubMed: | Rapid inorganic ion analysis using quantitative microchip capillary electrophoresis. |
PubMed: | Thermodynamic and spectroscopic studies of copper (II) complexes with three bis(amide) ligands derived from L-tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | Continuous production of L(+)-tartaric acid from cis-epoxysuccinate using a membrane recycle reactor. |
PubMed: | An efficient kinetic resolution of racemic Betti base based on an enantioselective N,O-deketalization. |
PubMed: | Oral bioavailability in pigs of a miconazole/hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin/L-tartaric acid inclusion complex produced by supercritical carbon dioxide processing. |
PubMed: | New concise total synthesis of (+)-lentiginosine and some structural analogues. |
PubMed: | L-Tartaric acid assisted binary organogel system: strongly enhanced fluorescence induced by supramolecular assembly. |
PubMed: | 13C and 18O isotopic analysis to determine the origin of L-tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | Enhanced fluorescence and chiral discrimination for tartaric acid in a dual fluorophore boronic acid receptor. |
PubMed: | A Gluconobacter oxydans mutant converting glucose almost quantitatively to 5-keto-D-gluconic acid. |
PubMed: | Synthesis and stereochemistry of musacins isolated from Streptomyces griseoviridis(FH-S 1832). |
PubMed: | Effect of acidic ternary compounds on the formation of miconazole/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes by means of supercritical carbon dioxide. |
PubMed: | Enantioseparation of amino acid derivatives on an immobilized network polymer derived from L-tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | Retardation of setting of plaster of Paris by organic acids: understanding the mechanism through molecular modeling. |
PubMed: | Cholinesterase and phosphatase activities in adults and infective-stage larvae of levamisole-resistant and levamisole-susceptible isolates of Haemonchus contortus. |
PubMed: | Hydrogel patches containing triclosan for acne treatment. |
PubMed: | Aldol reactions of dioxanes derived from tartaric acid. A total synthesis of (+)-nephrosteranic acid. |
PubMed: | Biotransformation of glucose to 5-keto-D-gluconic acid by recombinant Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 2343. |
PubMed: | A novel left-handed double helicate constructed from L-tartrate bridged molybdenum(vi) and gadolinium(iii) atoms. |
PubMed: | Effect of tartaric acid-induced cough on pulmonary function in normal and asthmatic humans. |
PubMed: | Enantiomeric separations of amino alcohols by packed-column SFC on Hypercarb with L-(+)-tartaric acid as chiral selector. |
PubMed: | Improvement of physicochemical properties of N-4472. Part III. VC/N-4472 complex formation and self-association in aqueous solution. |
PubMed: | Stereoselective metabolism of pentoxifylline in vitro and in vivo in humans. |
PubMed: | Total synthesis of (-)- and (+)-lentiginosine. |
PubMed: | Stereoselective radical reactions of some tartaric and glyceric acid derivatives. |
PubMed: | Use of disposable GRC electrodes for the detection of phenol and chlorophenols in liquid chromatography. |
PubMed: | Revision of absolute configuration of enantiomeric (methylenecyclopropyl)carbinols obtained from (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-epichlorohydrin and methylenetriphenylphosphorane. Implications for reaction mechanism and improved synthesis of antiviral methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleosides. |
PubMed: | The hygroscopic properties of dicarboxylic and multifunctional acids: measurements and UNIFAC predictions. |
PubMed: | Direct chiral resolution of malic acid in apple juice by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis using copper(II)-L-tartaric acid as a chiral selector. |
PubMed: | [Study on the improvement of process technology of L(+)-tartaric acid fermentation]. |
PubMed: | Synthesis and evaluation of a C-glycosyl nucleoside as an inhibitor of chitin synthase. |
PubMed: | Malo-ethanolic fermentation in grape must by recombinant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
PubMed: | Dicaffeoyl- or digalloyl pyrrolidine and furan derivatives as HIV integrase inhibitors. |
PubMed: | Direct resolution of (+/-)-ephedrine and atropine into their enantiomers by impregnated TLC. |
PubMed: | Hydrogen-bonded complexes of 2-pyridone with centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric dicarboxylic acids. |
PubMed: | Spinal delta-opioid receptors mediate suppression of systemic SNC80 on excitability of the flexor reflex in normal and inflamed rat. |
PubMed: | Entropy-controlled selectivity in the vinylation of a cyclic chiral nitrone. An efficient route to enantiopure polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines. |
PubMed: | A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of desbutylhalofantrine enantiomers in rat plasma. |
PubMed: | An efficient and convenient approach to the total synthesis of sphingofungin. |
PubMed: | [Production of L(+)-tartaric acid by immobilized Corynebacterium sp. JZ-1]. |
PubMed: | Candida tartarivorans sp. nov., an anamorphic ascomycetous yeast with the capacity to degrade L(+)- and meso-tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | Calcium pectate gel beads for cell entrapment. 6. Morphology of stabilized and hardened calcium pectate gel beads with cells for immobilized biotechnology. |
PubMed: | Experimental and theoretical analysis of the interaction of (+/-)-cis-ketoconazole with beta-cyclodextrin in the presence of (+)-L-tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | Stereoselective total synthesis of (3R,8S)-falcarindiol, a common polyacetylenic compound from umbellifers |
PubMed: | Structure-activity relationships: analogues of the dicaffeoylquinic and dicaffeoyltartaric acids as potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase and replication. |
PubMed: | Stereoisomers of cyclic urea HIV-1 protease inhibitors: synthesis and binding affinities. |
PubMed: | Cytoplasmic membrane lipoprotein LppC of Streptococcus equisimilis functions as an acid phosphatase. |
PubMed: | Influence of D(-) and L(+) tartaric acid on lysozyme adsorption onto a Si(Ti)-O2 surface. |
PubMed: | Preparation and structure-activity relationship of novel P1/P1'-substituted cyclic urea-based human immunodeficiency virus type-1 protease inhibitors. |
PubMed: | [Synthesis of estimated metabolites of 9-amino-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]quinoline monohydrochloride monohydrate (NIK-247). II. Synthesis of dihydroxylated metabolites]. |
PubMed: | A liquid chromatographic assay for the stereospecific quantitative analysis of halofantrine in human plasma. |
PubMed: | Simultaneous determination of urinary creatinine, calcium and other inorganic cations by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect ultraviolet detection. |
PubMed: | Specific transfer of 3H from D-[3-3H]gluconic acid into L-tartaric acid in vitaceous plants. |
PubMed: | [Splenic lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes. Study of 6 patients]. |
PubMed: | Enantioselective antiplatelet actions of nipecotamides. |
PubMed: | [Stereoisomers of 3-methylfentanyl: synthesis, absolute configuration and analgesic activity]. |
PubMed: | Morphological and cytochemical characteristics of atypical mononuclear cells in the blood of patients with the syndrome of infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus. |
PubMed: | Utilization of tartaric acid and related compounds by yeasts: taxonomic implications. |
PubMed: | Active principle of swine prostate extract: I. Isolation of active principle activating prostatic acid phosphatase and its effect on testosterone uptake of the prostate in castrated rats. |
PubMed: | [Separation and resolution of four stereo-isomers of anisodamine]. |
PubMed: | Transport of malic acid and other dicarboxylic acids in the yeast Hansenula anomala. |
PubMed: | Imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazoles. II. Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of some imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazoles. |
PubMed: | Leucosporidium fellii sp. nov., a basidiomycetous yeast that degrades L(+)-tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in bone and cartilage following decalcification and cold-embedding in plastic. |
PubMed: | The influence of optical design on the signal to noise characteristics of polarimeters. |
PubMed: | Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 12. cis-(+)-3-Methylfentanyl isothiocyanate, a potent site-directed acylating agent for delta opioid receptors. Synthesis, absolute configuration, and receptor enantioselectivity. |
PubMed: | Genetic variation of an acid phosphatase (Acp-2) in the laboratory rat: possible homology with mouse AP-1 and human ACP2. |
PubMed: | Synthesis of l-(+)-Tartaric Acid from l-Ascorbic Acid via 5-Keto-d-Gluconic Acid in Grapes. |
PubMed: | The stability of prostatic acid phosphatase, as measured by a capture immunoenzyme assay. |
PubMed: | Regulation of metabolism in Penicillium charlesii by organic acids: role of L-tartaric acid. |
PubMed: | A cleavable cross-linking reaction for protein carboxyl groups. |
PubMed: | Biosynthesis and metabolism of L-ascorbic acid in virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia L.). |
PubMed: | [Hairy cell leukemia: pathomorphology, cytology and cytochemistry]. |
PubMed: | Light and electron microscope histochemistry of alkaline phosphatase in the ventral prostate of rats. |
PubMed: | Optically pure (+)-nicotine from (+/-)-nicotine and biological comparisons with (-)-nicotine. |
PubMed: | Selective purification of tartrate-inhibitable acid phosphatases: rapid and efficient purification (to homogeneity) of human and canine prostatic acid phosphatases. |
PubMed: | The cytochemistry of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Technical considerations. |
PubMed: | Multiple forms of acid phosphatase activity in Gaucher's disease. |
PubMed: | Metabolism of L(+)-and D(-)-tartaric acids in different animal species. |
PubMed: | Absorption and biotransformation of L(+)-tartaric acid in rats. |
PubMed: | To enzyme analogues by lock and key chemistry with crown compounds. Part 1. Enantiomeric differentiation by configurationally chiral cryptands synthesised from L-tartaric acid and D-mannitol. |
PubMed: | TARTARIC ACID METABOLISM. I. SUBUNITS OF L(+)-TARTARIC ACID DEHYDRASE. |
PubMed: | REVERSIBLE DISSOCIATION OF L-TARTARIC ACID DEHYDRASE INTO SUBUNITS. |
PubMed: | Serum-total and L()-tartaric-acid inhibited acid-phosphatase activity in various diseases in childhood. |
PubMed: | Tartaric acid metabolism of Neurospora crassa. |
PubMed: | [Research on the phosphatase of the prostate. II. Study of the inhibitory action of L(+) tartaric acid]. |
PubMed: | EXPERIMENTS ON ANAPHYLAXIS TO AZOPROTEINS : THIRD PAPER. |
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