Category: cosmetic and flavor agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 %
|
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Melting Point: | 200.00 to 214.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
Boiling Point: | 970.00 to 972.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
Flash Point: | 550.00 °F. TCC ( 287.78 °C. )
|
logP (o/w): | 2.800 |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 0.05298 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Insoluble in: |
| water |
Organoleptic Properties:
|
Odor Type: spicy |
|
Odor Strength: | low |
|
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | mild spicy |
|
|
Flavor Type: sweet |
|
| sweet |
Taste Description:
| sweet |
|
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
|
|
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View |
|
Hazards identification |
|
Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
|
Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-human TDLo 5571 ug/kg/3D- KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES IN URINE COMPOSITION Toxicologist. Vol. 54, Pg. 109, 2000.
oral-human TDLo 280 mg/kg/4W BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) British Medical Journal. Vol. 1, Pg. 488, 1977.
oral-man TDLo 662 mg/kg/1Y-I BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS Internal Medicine. Vol. 31, Pg. 708, 1992.
intravenous-mouse LD50 589 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Zhongguo Yaoxue Zazhi. Chinese Pharmacuetical Journal. Vol. 28, Pg. 215, 1993.
oral-mouse LD50 4320 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Zhongguo Yaoxue Zazhi. Chinese Pharmacuetical Journal. Vol. 28, Pg. 215, 1993.
intraperitoneal-mouse LDLo 1000 mg/kg Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 5, Pg. 2041, 1977.
intravenous-rat LD > 300 mg/kg Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 5, Pg. 2041, 1977.
intraperitoneal-rat LDLo 2000 mg/kg Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 5, Pg. 2041, 1977.
oral-rat LDLo 3000 mg/kg Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 5, Pg. 2041, 1977.
|
Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
Category: | cosmetic and flavor agents |
Recommendation for glycyrrhizic acid usage levels up to: | | not for fragrance use.
|
|
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 240.00 (μg/capita/day) |
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 210000 (μg/person/day) |
Threshold of Concern: | 90 (μg/person/day) |
Structure Class: | III |
|
Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). |
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. |
| average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg |
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 375.00000 | - |
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | - | - |
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | 375.00000 | - |
Processed fruit (04.1): | - | - |
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - |
Confectionery (05.0): | 5000.00000 | - |
Chewing gum (05.0): | - | - |
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | - | - |
Bakery wares (07.0): | 200.00000 | - |
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | 25.00000 | - |
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | 20.00000 | - |
Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - |
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - |
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | - | - |
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | - | - |
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | 50.00000 | - |
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | 550.00000 | - |
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | - | - |
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | 10.00000 | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA): | Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 29 (FGE29)[1] - Substance from the priority list: Vinylbenzene from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 36, (FGE.36) - Two triterpene glycosides from the priority list - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 49, Revision 1 (FGE.49Rev1): xanthine alkaloids from the priority list View page or View pdf |
EPI System: | View |
ClinicalTrials.gov: | search |
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
AIDS Citations: | Search |
Cancer Citations: | Search |
Toxicology Citations: | Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 1405-86-3 |
EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 14982 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
WGK Germany: | 2 |
| (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14 |
Chemidplus: | 0001405863 |
RTECS: | MD2025000 for cas# 1405-86-3 |
References:
| (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14 |
NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 1405-86-3 |
Pubchem (cid): | 14982 |
Pubchem (sid): | 134981322 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
|
For Odor |
alcoholic |
alcoholic |
| fusel oil | FL/FR |
animal |
| methyl (E)-2-octenoate | FL/FR |
anise |
star | anise seed oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
anisic |
para- | acetanisole | FL/FR |
| ethyl para-anisate | FL/FR |
balsamic |
| benzyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
dextro- | fenchone | FL/FR |
| guaiacyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| hexyl benzoate | FL/FR |
bready |
| furfural | FL/FR |
buttery |
| acetoin | FL/FR |
| caramel furanone solution | FL/FR |
| caramel pentadione | FL/FR |
| coffee dione | FL/FR |
| cyclotene | FL/FR |
| cyclotene hydrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cyclopentenolone | FL/FR |
| ethyl furaneol | FL/FR |
| ethyl maltol | FL/FR |
| levulinic acid | FL/FR |
| maltol | FL/FR |
| maltyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| maltyl propionate | FL/FR |
| maple furanone | FL/FR |
5- | methyl furfural | FL/FR |
| shoyu furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone acetate | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone solution | FL/FR |
cheesy |
iso | valeric acid | FL/FR |
chemical |
iso | butyl formate | FL/FR |
| propyl propionate | FL/FR |
chocolate |
iso | amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| cocoa pentenal | FL/FR |
citrus |
2- | ethyl-1-hexanol | FL/FR |
| lime essence oil | FL/FR |
dextro- | limonene | FL/FR |
alpha- | terpinyl methyl ether | FL/FR |
delta- | octalactone | FL/FR |
creamy |
3- | heptyl dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | FL/FR |
para- | vanillic acid | FL/FR |
para- | vanillyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| veratraldehyde | FL/FR |
dry |
3,4- | xylenol | FL/FR |
earthy |
| methyl 3-hexenoate | FL/FR |
ethereal |
| ethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl formate | FL/FR |
| ethyl pyruvate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl formate | FL/FR |
fatty |
(E)-2- | octenal | FL/FR |
(E,Z,Z)-2,4,7- | tridecatrienal | FL/FR |
floral |
| acetophenone | FL/FR |
| benzyl acetate | FL/FR |
| benzyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| geranyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl salicylate | FL/FR |
alpha- | hexyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| hexyl lactate | FL/FR |
| hydroxycitronellal | FL/FR |
| hydroxycitronellol | FL/FR |
alpha- | ionol | FL/FR |
para- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
beta- | naphthyl methyl ketone | FL/FR |
| nonanol | FL/FR |
| phenethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| phenethyl propionate | FL/FR |
4- | phenyl-3-buten-2-ol | FL/FR |
iso | propyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| rhodinyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) russia | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) turkey | FL/FR |
| terpinyl valerate | FL/FR |
| tuberose absolute (from pommade) | FL/FR |
fruity |
| allyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl 2-butenoate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| butyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-(2-furyl) propanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hexenoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl benzoyl acetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| ethyl lactate | FL/FR |
| ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate | FL/FR |
| ethyl propionate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | ethyl sorbate | FL/FR |
| ethyl valerate | FL/FR |
2- | hexen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| hexyl acetate | FL/FR |
| linalyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| menthyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| methyl 3-nonenoate | FL/FR |
| methyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl butyl acetate | FL/FR |
| methyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
| methyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| methyl valerate | FL/FR |
| neryl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| octyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| octyl propionate | FL/FR |
2- | pentanone | FL/FR |
| pineapple hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
| prenyl acetate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| propyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| propyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
| propyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| propyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| strawberry glycidate 2 | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate | FL/FR |
para- | tolualdehyde | FL/FR |
| tolualdehydes (mixed o,m,p) | FL/FR |
| tropical ionone | FL/FR |
| vanilla carboxylate | FL/FR |
green |
| cucumber essence | FL/FR |
(Z)-4- | hepten-1-ol | FL/FR |
| hexyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| hexyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
(E,Z)-3,6- | nonadien-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| phenethyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| terpinyl propionate | FL/FR |
herbal |
| anethum graveolens herb tincture | FL/FR |
| clary sage absolute | FL/FR |
| linalyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| linalyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| lovage tincture | FL/FR |
| perillaldehyde | FL/FR |
3- | propylidene phthalide | FL/FR |
honey |
| methyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| propyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
licorice |
(E)- | anethol | FL/FR |
medicinal |
2,6- | xylenol | FL/FR |
minty |
| ethyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| methyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| peppermint oil america | FL/FR |
| peppermint oil idaho | FL/FR |
musk |
| ethylene brassylate | FL/FR |
musty |
ketoiso | phorone | FL/FR |
iso | butyl angelate | FL/FR |
4- | ethyl guaiacol | FL/FR |
| eugenol | FL/FR |
iso | eugenol | FL/FR |
iso | eugenyl acetate | FL/FR |
iso | eugenyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
para- | methoxycinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
alpha- | methyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| methyl heptadienone | FL/FR |
alpha- | methyl-(E)-cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
(E)- | propyl 2-furan acrylate | FL/FR |
(E)- | tiglic acid | FL/FR |
| vanilla bean absolute (vanilla spp.) | FL/FR |
| vanilla oleoresin bali | FL/FR |
| vanilla resinoid | FL/FR |
| vanilla tahitensis fruit extract | FL/FR |
tonka |
| mint lactone | FL/FR |
| octahydrocoumarin | FL/FR |
tropical |
| genet absolute | FL/FR |
| ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| ethyl vanillin propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| propenyl guaethol | FL/FR |
| vanilla aromatica fruit extract | FL/FR |
| vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia) | FL/FR |
| vanilla oleoresin bourbon | FL/FR |
| vanillin | FL/FR |
| vanillin propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| vanillyl acetate | FL/FR |
| vanillyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| vanillylidene acetone | FL/FR |
waxy |
| ethyl decanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl myristate | FL/FR |
| ethyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| nonanoic acid | FL/FR |
1- | undecanol | FL/FR |
woody |
2- | methoxy-4-vinyl phenol | FL/FR |
|
For Flavor |
|
acidic |
(E)-2- | hexenoic acid | FL |
| levulinic acid | FL/FR |
aldehydic |
1- | undecanol | FL/FR |
anise |
(E)- | anethol | FL/FR |
star | anise seed oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| ethyl para-anisate | FL/FR |
anisic |
para- | acetanisole | FL/FR |
balsamic |
| benzyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| vanillylidene acetone | FL/FR |
berry |
| heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
bitter |
(E,Z,Z)-2,4,7- | tridecatrienal | FL/FR |
brown |
| furfural | FL/FR |
5- | methyl furfural | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate | FL/FR |
(E)- | tiglic acid | FL/FR |
burnt |
| furfuryl alcohol | FL |
2,6- | xylenol | FL/FR |
caramellic |
| caramel dione | FL |
| caramel furanone | FL |
| caramel furanone solution | FL/FR |
| caramel pentadione | FL/FR |
| cyclotene | FL/FR |
| cyclotene hydrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl furaneol | FL/FR |
| ethyl maltol | FL/FR |
| lucuma flavor | FL |
| maltol | FL/FR |
| maltyl propionate | FL/FR |
| maple distillates | FL |
| maple furanone | FL/FR |
3- | methyl butyl 2-furyl butyrate | FL |
| pyruvaldehyde | FL |
| shoyu furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone acetate | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone solution | FL/FR |
cheesy |
| ammonium isovalerate 30% in pg | FL |
iso | valeric acid | FL/FR |
cherry |
para- | methoxycinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
chocolate |
bittersweet | chocolate flavor | FL |
citrus |
| lime essence oil | FL/FR |
dextro- | limonene | FL/FR |
ketoiso | phorone | FL/FR |
coconut |
| massoia bark oil CO2 extract | FL |
| octahydrocoumarin | FL/FR |
delta- | octalactone | FL/FR |
coffee |
| coffee dione | FL/FR |
cooling |
dextro- | fenchone | FL/FR |
| peppermint oil america | FL/FR |
creamy |
| acetoin | FL/FR |
| divanillin | FL |
para- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
| mint lactone | FL/FR |
para- | vanillic acid | FL/FR |
para- | vanillyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| veratraldehyde | FL/FR |
estery |
| octyl propionate | FL/FR |
ethereal |
| ethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl formate | FL/FR |
| methyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
fatty |
2- | ethyl-1-hexanol | FL/FR |
| nonanoic acid | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | octenal | FL/FR |
floral |
2- | acetyl-5-methyl thiophene | FL |
iso | amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| cocoa pentenal | FL/FR |
| geranyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| linalyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| methyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
beta- | naphthyl methyl ketone | FL/FR |
| phenethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| phenethyl propionate | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) russia | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) turkey | FL/FR |
| tropical ionone | FL/FR |
| tuberose absolute (from pommade) | FL/FR |
fruity |
| allyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| benzyl acetate | FL/FR |
| benzyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| butyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | decenoic acid | FL |
| ethyl 3-(2-furyl) propanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hexenoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-oxohexanoate | FL |
| ethyl benzoyl acetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| ethyl lactate | FL/FR |
| ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate | FL/FR |
| ethyl propionate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | ethyl sorbate | FL/FR |
| ethyl valerate | FL/FR |
| furfuryl valerate | FL |
2- | furyl pentyl ketone | FL |
| fusel oil | FL/FR |
3- | heptyl dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | FL/FR |
2- | hexen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| hexyl acetate | FL/FR |
| hexyl lactate | FL/FR |
| hexyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| linalyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| linalyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| menthyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| methyl (E)-2-octenoate | FL/FR |
| methyl (E)-3-nonenoate | FL |
| methyl 3-hexenoate | FL/FR |
| methyl 3-nonenoate | FL/FR |
| methyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl butyl acetate | FL/FR |
| methyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | methyl sorbate | FL |
| methyl valerate | FL/FR |
| neryl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
2- | pentanone | FL/FR |
| pineapple hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
| prenyl acetate | FL/FR |
(E)- | propyl 2-furan acrylate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| propyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl formate | FL/FR |
| propyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| propyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| strawberry glycidate 2 | FL/FR |
| terpinyl valerate | FL/FR |
| tolualdehydes (mixed o,m,p) | FL/FR |
| vanilla carboxylate | FL/FR |
green |
| anethum graveolens herb tincture | FL/FR |
iso | butyl 2-butenoate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl angelate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| cucumber essence | FL/FR |
2- | ethyl butyraldehyde | FL |
(Z)-4- | hepten-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | heptenal | FL |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl salicylate | FL/FR |
| hexyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| hexyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| methyl heptadienone | FL/FR |
(E,Z)-3,6- | nonadien-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
| phenethyl tiglate | FL/FR |
3- | propylidene phthalide | FL/FR |
| terpinyl propionate | FL/FR |
hay |
| genet absolute | FL/FR |
herbal |
| clary sage absolute | FL/FR |
| lovage tincture | FL/FR |
honey |
| ethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
dehydrated and ground | honey | FL |
| honey flavor | FL |
iso | propyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| propyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
jammy |
| ethyl cyclopentenolone | FL/FR |
| maltyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
medicinal |
| ethyl benzoate | FL/FR |
minty |
| ethyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| methyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| peppermint oil idaho | FL/FR |
molasses |
| molasses blackstrap | FL |
mushroom |
| methional diethyl acetal | FL |
musk |
| ethylene brassylate | FL/FR |
phenolic |
| guaiacyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
potato |
sweet | potato flavor | FL |
powdery |
| acetophenone | FL/FR |
| hydroxycitronellol | FL/FR |
praline |
| praline flavor | FL |
rummy |
iso | butyl formate | FL/FR |
| ethyl pyruvate | FL/FR |
salty |
1-(2- | hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)propan-1-one | FL |
smoky |
2- | methoxy-4-vinyl phenol | FL/FR |
3,4- | xylenol | FL/FR |
spicy |
iso | eugenol | FL/FR |
| eugenol | FL/FR |
iso | eugenyl acetate | FL/FR |
iso | eugenyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
alpha- | methyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
alpha- | methyl-(E)-cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| perillaldehyde | FL/FR |
para- | tolualdehyde | FL/FR |
sulfurous |
S- | ethyl thioacetate | FL |
sweet |
| acesulfame potassium | FL |
| acetone alcohol | FL |
| advantame | FL |
| agave flavor | FL |
| alitame anhydrous | FL |
| aspartame | FL |
| aspartame-acesulfame salt | FL |
| corn syrup high fructose | FL |
| corn syrups | FL |
| dextrose monohydrate | FL |
3',7- | dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavan | FL |
| ethyl 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propionate | FL |
| glucosyl steviol glycosides | FL |
| honey enhancer | FL |
| levulose | FL |
| luo han fruit concentrate | FL |
| maltitol | FL |
| maltose | FL |
iso | maltulose | FL |
| molasses | FL |
| molasses concentrate | FL |
| molasses distillates | FL |
| molasses flavor | FL |
laevo- | ornithine hydrochloride | FL |
| rebaudioside C | FL |
| rebaudioside C 30% | FL |
glucosylated | rubus suavissimus extract, 60% glucosylated rubusoside glycosides | FL |
| sodium 2-(4-methoxyphenoxy) propionate | FL |
dextro- | sorbitol | FL |
| stevia rebaudiana extract, rebaudioside A 22% | FL |
| stevia rebaudiana extract, rebaudioside A 60% | FL |
| stevia rebaudiana extract, rebaudioside A 80% | FL |
| steviol | FL |
| steviol glycoside extract, rebaudioside C 22% | FL |
enzyme modified | steviol glycosides | FL |
| stevioside | FL |
| sucralose | FL |
| sugar | FL |
maple | sugar | FL |
| sugar cane distillate | FL |
| sugar extenders | FL |
brown | sugar flavor | FL |
| sugar flavor | FL |
burnt | sugar flavor | FL |
| sugar replacers | FL |
| sweet & sour candy flavor | FL |
| sweet flavor | FL |
| thaumatin b-recombinant | FL |
| vanilla bean absolute (vanilla spp.) | FL/FR |
| vanilla concentrate | FL |
| vanilla oleoresin bali | FL/FR |
| vanilla resinoid | FL/FR |
| vanilla tahitensis fruit extract | FL/FR |
dextro,laevo- | xylose | FL |
tropical |
| propyl propionate | FL/FR |
vanilla |
| ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| ethyl vanillin propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| propenyl guaethol | FL/FR |
| vanilla aromatica fruit extract | FL/FR |
| vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia) | FL/FR |
| vanilla oleoresin bourbon | FL/FR |
| vanillin | FL/FR |
| vanillin propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| vanillyl acetate | FL/FR |
| vanillyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
vegetable |
| tyramine | FL |
waxy |
| ethyl decanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl myristate | FL/FR |
| ethyl octanoate | FL/FR |
alpha- | hexyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| hydroxycitronellal | FL/FR |
| nonanol | FL/FR |
| octyl butyrate | FL/FR |
4- | phenyl-3-buten-2-ol | FL/FR |
| propyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
| rhodinyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
woody |
4- | ethyl guaiacol | FL/FR |
alpha- | ionol | FL/FR |
alpha- | terpinyl methyl ether | FL/FR |
|
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
(3b,20b)-20- | carboxy-11-oxo-30-norolean-12-en-3-yl 2-O-b-D-glucopyranuronosyl-a-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid | 20b- | carboxy-11-oxo-30-norolean-12-en-3b-yl-2-O-b-D-glucopyranuronosyl-a-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid | | glycyram | | glycyron | | glycyrrhetinic acid glycoside | | glycyrrhetinic acid, 18 alpha | | glycyrrhetinic acid, 18 beta | 18-beta- | glycyrrhizic acid | | glycyrrhizin | | glycyrrizin | | potenlini |
Articles:
PubMed: | Liquorice, a unique "guide drug" of traditional Chinese medicine: a review of its role in drug interactions. |
PubMed: | Exploring the possible metabolism mediated interaction of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract with CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. |
PubMed: | Toxicologic evaluation of licorice extract as a cigarette ingredient. |
PubMed: | Mutual interactions among ingredients of betel quid in inducing genotoxicity on Chinese hamster ovary cells. |
PubMed: | A Review on the Role of Nutraceuticals as Simple as Se(2+) to Complex Organic Molecules Such as Glycyrrhizin That Prevent as Well as Cure Diseases. |
PubMed: | Glycyrrhizic acid attenuated glycative stress in kidney of diabetic mice through enhancing glyoxalase pathway. |
PubMed: | Antidepressant-like effects of Xiaochaihutang in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. |
PubMed: | Formulating blackberry leaf mixtures for preparation of infusions with plant derived sources of sweeteners. |
PubMed: | Ameliorative effect of Pracparatum mungo extract on high cholesterol diets in hamsters. |
PubMed: | Rikkunshito ameliorates bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in a ghrelin-independent manner. |
PubMed: | [Simultaneous determination of twelve sweeteners and nine preservatives in foods by solid-phase extraction and LC-MS/MS]. |
PubMed: | [About flavouring substances and flavouring preparations regulation in the field of manufacturing of flavourings and foodstuffs]. |
PubMed: | CDK2 and mTOR are direct molecular targets of isoangustone A in the suppression of human prostate cancer cell growth. |
PubMed: | Water extract of licorice had anti-viral activity against human respiratory syncytial virus in human respiratory tract cell lines. |
PubMed: | Subacute toxicity and stability of Soshiho-tang, a traditional herbal formula, in Sprague-Dawley rats. |
PubMed: | Development of sample preparation method for isoliquiritigenin, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid analysis in licorice by ionic liquids-ultrasound based extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography detection. |
PubMed: | Anti-inflammatory effect of Sosihotang via inhibition of nuclear factor-kB and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. |
PubMed: | Glycyrrhizic acid and 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid recover glucocorticoid resistance via PI3K-induced AP1, CRE and NFAT activation. |
PubMed: | Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message. |
PubMed: | Liquorice reduced cyclosporine bioavailability by activating P-glycoprotein and CYP 3A. |
PubMed: | Gamma-cyclodextrin production using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus clarkii 7364. |
PubMed: | Influence of fungal elicitation on glycyrrhizin production in transformed cell cultures of Abrus precatorius Linn. |
PubMed: | Glycyrrhizic acid and 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by suppression of NF-κB through PI3K p110δ and p110γ inhibitions. |
PubMed: | Hexane/ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and its active compound isoangustone A induce G1 cycle arrest in DU145 human prostate and 4T1 murine mammary cancer cells. |
PubMed: | Genotoxicity assessment of Pyungwi-san (PWS), a traditional herbal prescription. |
PubMed: | Is glycyrrhizin sensitivity increased in anorexia nervosa and should licorice be avoided? Case report and review of the literature. |
PubMed: | Glycyrrhizic acid and 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibit inflammation via PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta signaling and glucocorticoid receptor activation. |
PubMed: | Hexane-ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis containing licoricidin inhibits the metastatic capacity of DU145 human prostate cancer cells. |
PubMed: | Quantification of glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza glabra extract by validated HPTLC densitometry. |
PubMed: | Inhibition of human renin activity by saponins. |
PubMed: | EST analysis reveals putative genes involved in glycyrrhizin biosynthesis. |
PubMed: | Roasted licorice extracts dampen high glucose-induced mesangial hyperplasia and matrix deposition through blocking Akt activation and TGF-beta signaling. |
PubMed: | Isoangustone A present in hexane/ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis induces apoptosis in DU145 human prostate cancer cells via the activation of DR4 and intrinsic apoptosis pathway. |
PubMed: | Dietary exposure to flavouring substances: from screening methods to detailed assessments using food consumption data collected with EPIC-Soft software. |
PubMed: | Determination of glycyrrhetic acid after consumption of liquorice and application to a fatality. |
PubMed: | Liquorice alert. |
PubMed: | [Culture of transgenic Glycyrrhiza uralensis hairy root with licorice squalene synthase (SQS) gene]. |
PubMed: | Rapid in vivo screening system for anti-oxidant activity using bacterial redox sensor strains. |
PubMed: | Glycyrrhizin and licorice significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in rats. |
PubMed: | Licorice flavonoids inhibit eotaxin-1 secretion by human fetal lung fibroblasts in vitro. |
PubMed: | Neuroprotective effects of glycyrrhizic acid and 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid in PC12 cells via modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. |
PubMed: | Glycyrrhizic acid modulates t-BHP induced apoptosis in primary rat hepatocytes. |
PubMed: | Effect of the extracts from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch on the growth characteristics of human cell lines: Anti-tumor and immune activation activities. |
PubMed: | Bimodal effect of glycyrrhizin on macrophage nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production. |
PubMed: | Hexane/ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis licorice suppresses doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts. |
PubMed: | Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1, crocin, amygdalin, geniposide, puerarin, ginsenoside Re, hesperidin, poncirin, glycyrrhizin, and baicalin by human fecal microflora and its relation to cytotoxicity against tumor cells. |
PubMed: | [Hypertension due to liquorice and liquorice tea consumption]. |
PubMed: | [Properties of commercial licorice extracts used as a food additive]. |
PubMed: | Determination of glycyrrhizin in liqueurs by on-line coupled capillary isotachophoresis with capillary zone electrophoresis. |
PubMed: | Activation of rapid signaling pathways and the subsequent transcriptional regulation for the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells by the treatment with an extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root. |
PubMed: | Blockade of cytokine-induced endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression by licorice isoliquiritigenin through NF-kappaB signal disruption. |
PubMed: | Simultaneous quantification of flavonoids and triterpenoids in licorice using HPLC. |
PubMed: | Glycyrrhizin. |
PubMed: | Risk and safety assessment on the consumption of Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza sp.), its extract and powder as a food ingredient, with emphasis on the pharmacology and toxicology of glycyrrhizin. |
PubMed: | Simultaneous HPLC analysis, with isocratic elution, of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid in liquorice roots and confectionery products. |
PubMed: | Rapid detection of glycyrrhizin by immunochromatographic assay. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of certain food additives. |
PubMed: | [Analysis of nine kinds of sweeteners in foods by LC/MS]. |
PubMed: | Ultrasound-assisted extraction methodology as a tool to improve the antioxidant properties of herbal drug Xiao-chia-hu-tang. |
PubMed: | Toxicologic evaluation of licorice extract as a cigarette ingredient. |
PubMed: | [Simultaneous determination of stevioside, rebaudioside A and glycyrrhizic acid in foods by HPLC]. |
PubMed: | Effects of Sho-saiko-to extract and its components, Baicalin, baicalein, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid, on pharmacokinetic behavior of salicylamide in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. |
PubMed: | Cytoprotective effects of Glycyrrhizae radix extract and its active component liquiritigenin against cadmium-induced toxicity (effects on bad translocation and cytochrome c-mediated PARP cleavage). |
PubMed: | Anti-allergic activity of 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide. |
PubMed: | Simultaneous identification of soyasaponins and isoflavones and quantification of soyasaponin Bb in soy products, using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Several culinary and medicinal herbs are important sources of dietary antioxidants. |
PubMed: | Source of arsenic in licorice confectionery products. |
PubMed: | [Prospect of the development of new bactericidal drugs against Helicobacter pylori for eradication therapy]. |
PubMed: | Efficient method for determining the glycyrrhizin content of fresh and dried roots, and root extracts, of Glycyrrhiza species. |
PubMed: | Licorice and cancer. |
PubMed: | Sweetener preference of C57BL/6ByJ and 129P3/J mice. |
PubMed: | The pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizic acid evaluated by physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. |
PubMed: | Antidiabetic effect of glycyrrhizin in genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice. |
PubMed: | Isolation and identification of main constituents in an enzymatically hydrolysed licorice extract sweetener. |
PubMed: | Constituents and their sweetness of food additive enzymatically modified licorice extract. |
PubMed: | Development of anorexia in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice. |
PubMed: | A population physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for the inhibition of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity by glycyrrhetic acid. |
PubMed: | Inhibition of N-acetyltransferase activity and DNA-2-aminofluorene adducts by glycyrrhizic acid in human colon tumour cells. |
PubMed: | Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of glycyrrhizic acid, a compound subject to presystemic metabolism and enterohepatic cycling. |
PubMed: | Effects of Sho-saiko-to extract on liver fibrosis in relation to the changes in hydroxyproline and retinoid levels of the liver in rats. |
PubMed: | Cytotoxic and non-genotoxic effects of arecoline on human buccal fibroblasts in vitro. |
PubMed: | Localization of enzymes involved in metabolism of glycyrrhizin in contents of rat gastrointestinal tract. |
PubMed: | Glycyrrhizic acid in liquorice--evaluation of health hazard. |
PubMed: | Inhibition of mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and skin tumor initiating and tumor promoting activities in SENCAR mice by glycyrrhetinic acid: comparison of 18 alpha- and 18 beta-stereoisomers. |
PubMed: | The determination of glycyrrhizin in selected UK liquorice products. |
PubMed: | Effects of some purified saponins on transmural potential difference in mammalian small intestine. |
PubMed: | Teratogenicity study of ammonium glycyrrhizinate in the Sprague-Dawley rat. |
PubMed: | [Estimation of daily intake of glycyrrhizic acid according to the market basket studies in Japan (I)]. |
PubMed: | [Glycyrrhizin levels in various food stuffs]. |
PubMed: | Tests for mutagenic effects of ammoniated glycyrrhizin, butylated hydroxytoluene, and gum Arabic in rodent germ cells. |
PubMed: | Tumorigenicity study of disodium glycyrrhizinate administered orally to mice. |
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