gamma-valerolactone
pentano-1,4-lactone
 
Notes:
metabolite of n-hexane. Flavouring agent. Present in peach, strawberry jam, tomato, wheat bread, Swiss cheese, Gruyere de Comte cheese, heated butter, cooked beef, white wine, red wine, coffee, black tea, roasted filbert, roasted peanut and Bourbon vanilla [DFC]
  • ACS International
    • ACS International GmbH
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      Production • Distribution • Sourcing • Logistics • Consulting
      Our hybrid business model, combining manufacturing with sourcing and exclusive distribution agreements, results in a superior level of purchasing power that when added to our global warehouse network with locations near all major flavor and fragrance industry compounding centers around the globe, make A.C.S. International your one-stop sourcing partner.
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      Product(s):
      51034 Valerolactone gamma
       
  • Advanced Biotech
    • Advanced Biotech. Inc.
      Inspired by Nature
      A diverse range of products, all meeting our stringent commitment to quality.
      Advanced Biotech is a leading manufacturer and supplier of high-quality Natural flavoring ingredients & botanical extracts for the food/beverage, cosmetic and personal care industries. With over 25 years of experience working with Fermentation processing & botanical extracts, we can help develop new innovative and functional products for today’s competitive marketplace. Our company prides itself in the ability to cater to our customer’s specific needs while maintaining our focus on integrity, honesty and the commitment to high quality product standards. We proudly offer our quality Natural ingredients to companies around the world.
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      1252 GAMMA VALEROLACTONE NATURAL 99% min.
      SDS
      2116 GAMMA VALEROLACTONE SYNTHETIC 95% min.
      SDS
       
  • Augustus Oils
    • Augustus Oils Ltd
      The Premier Supplier
      Augustus Oils Ltd, in harmony with nature - to present it at its best...
      A wealth of experience, expertise and knowledge has allowed Augustus to bridge the gulf in expectation and trust between growers and users of natural ingredients. The Company works in partnership with customers on the one hand, and growers, farmers and distillers on the other. Both users and producers can then focus on exactly what they do best, while skilled Augustus technicians closely monitor and control the delivered product. This ensures users can have the confidence that they will receive the best raw materials suited to their requirements.
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      Product(s):
      Gamma Valerolactone
       
  • Beijing Lys Chemicals
    • Beijing Lys Chemicals Co, LTD.
      From Grams to Tons
      Fine chemical high-tech company which contains R&D, production, and sales.
      BEIJING LYS CHEMICALS CO, LTD, established in 2004, is a fine chemical high-tech company which contains R&D, production, and sales. We mainly engaged in export and technology development of flavor and fragrance materials and pharmaceutical intermediates. We have nearly 500 kinds of products, from grams to tons, exported to USA, Europe, South Asia and etc. And we custom manufacture new products according to customers’ needs, and serve good quality products and service. Our goal is to become a fine chemical enterprise which could provide special products and services.
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      10331 gamma-Valerolactone
       
  • Berjé
    • Berje Inc.
      Where the world comes to its senses
      Where the world comes to its senses - Berjé is a global distributor of Essential Oils and Aromatic Chemicals.
      Berjé is a family-owned business that has been in operation for six decades. The company's origins and strength lie in a profound understanding of the supply and the quality of the diverse raw materials consumed by the flavor and fragrance industries. This base was expanded upon more than two decades ago to include fragrance production. The company's unparalleled raw material expertise is focused on the supply of essential oils and aromatic chemicals. This is supported by our long-standing relationships with a worldwide fabric of producers ensuring the greatest prospects for uninterrupted supply in markets that are often volatile and unpredictable.
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      Product(s):
      108-29-2 gamma-VALEROLACTONE FCC 98.0%
       
  • CJ Latta & Associates
    • CJ Latta & Associates, LLC
      Extensive Line
      Aromatic Chemicals and Organic Acids.
      CJ Latta & Associates is a distributor of specialty aromatics and organic acids used in the formulation of flavors and fragrance manufactured worldwide. We pride ourselves on our reputation for, fair pricing, quality and reliability. We’ve built our business on successfully sourcing and developing many challenging specialty chemicals and fine ingredients for our clients.
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      US Email: Chip Latta
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      US Email: Chip Latta
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      Product(s):
      GAMMA VALEROLACTONE
       
  • Excellentia International
    • Excellentia International
      Ingredients by Nature
      Exceptional quality and excellence in meeting our customers requirements.
      Excellentia International was founded in 2010 through the merger of Excellentia Flavors LLC and Polarome International. Collectively, these companies account for more than one hundred years of industry experience, and are recognized for exceptional quality and excellence in meeting our customers’ requirements.
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      Product(s):
      gamma-Valerolactone
       
  • Indukern F&F
  • Jiangyin Healthway
    • Jiangyin Healthway International Trade Co., Ltd
      Independent Ingredients Supplier
      We provide custom synthesis and contract manufacturing from milligrams to metric tonnes.
      Jiangyin Healthway International Trade Co., Ltd is a professional company, main engaged in manufacturing and exporting aroma chemicals ,food additives , cosmetic ingredient ,pharmaceutical intermediates & other fine chemicals; especially on aroma chemicals , as the major manufacturer of heterocyclic and sulphur aroma compounds , we are the leading independent ingredients supplier to the flavour and fragrance industries in China, can offer hundreds of different high quality aroma chemicals.
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      Product(s):
      HLK045 gamma-Valerolactone Natural99%
       
  • Lluch Essence
    • Lluch Essence S.L.
      A family company dedicated to sales and distribution
      Flexibility, availability, price and quality.
      Flexibility, availability, price and quality make LLUCH ESSENCE S.L. one of Europe’s references when it comes to essential oils and aroma chemicals, and it is now well known all around the world.
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      Product(s):
      GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE
      GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE NATURAL
       
  • M&U International
    • M&U International LLC
      Steady supply & demand
      Meeting customers increasing demands at home as well as abroad.
      M&U dedicates itself to the development and production of new products as well as continuously promoting those new products. We’ve maintained a steady supply&demand relationship with a large number of manufacturers at home and abroad. We’ve developed an extensive network and because of our relationships with these manufacturers, we’re able to provide a stable supply of great quality materials. We’re located in China’s largest communications hub, Shanghai and in the U.S. near one of the largest sea ports on the East Coast. The strategic locations of our facilities ensure convenient, prompt and secure delivery of our products to our customers.
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      Voice: +86-21-32515501 60762991 60762992
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      Product(s):
      A0079 gamma-Valerolactone, Kosher
      N0057 Nat.gamma-Valerolactone, Kosher
       
  • Moellhausen
  • Odowell Co.,ltd
    • Odowell Co.,ltd
      Fulfilling Demand
      Product quality and consistency.
      Odowell is specialized in producing and distributing aroma chemicals for Flavors &Fragrances industry since 2012. Product ranges are ketones, esters,alcohols, aldehydes , ethers and lactones. We have the most comprehensive range of C3-C15 aliphatic ketones, aromatic ketones and high purity electronic chemicals, providing to many industries related to our daily life.
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      Voice: +86-21-56410859
      Fax: 4006981163 ext.28633
      Phone, Kunshan Odowell+86-512-55380008
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      Product(s):
      10-81-032 Gamma-Valerolactone PURITY: 99%MIN.
       
  • OQEMA
    • OQEMA
      With a focus on providing the highest level of service
      OQEMA has established itself at the forefront of the global chemical industry.
      The guiding principles of OQEMA have always been to establish long term relationships with customers and suppliers alike to build sustainable and profitable business for all parties. Through OQEMA’s business divisions the company tailors products and services to better support and service our customers requirements. This structure also allows the company to focus its marketing campaigns more effectively to certain industries. Over the last decade OQEMA has achieved strong growth as a result of the expansion of our business model. Going forward, the company will be expanding this business model into existing and new strategic territories.
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      US Email: Dean Matienzo
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      US Email: Dean Matienzo - Sales Manager
      Voice: +44 1993 843081
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      Product(s):
      gamma-Valerolactone natural
      gamma-Valerolactone natural
       
  • Penta International
    • Penta International Corporation
      Chemistry innovation
      At Penta, our products and services help businesses do business better.
      For over 30 years, Penta Manufacturing Company has played a growing role in worldwide chemistry innovations and applications. As an industry leader, Penta continues to pioneer chemistry-based solutions for practically every area of commerce. Our products and expertise have helped fuel technical advances in dozens of commercial applications including flavoring, coloring, fragrances and chemical processes.
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      Product(s):
      22-11000 GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE
      22-11020 GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE NATURAL
       
  • Primechem
    • Anhui Primechem Co., Ltd.
      Where Scent Matters Most
      Dependable supply and professional services to exceed our client's expectations.
      For over 2 decades, Primechem has proven to be a professional and outstanding supplier, offering a diverse range of superior quality products, services and solutions for use in Flavor & Fragrances industries worldwide.
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      Product(s):
      Gamma-Valerolactone
       
  • Riverside Aromatics
    • Riverside Aromatics Ltd.
      Speciality Aroma Chemicals, Naturals and Synthetics
      A specialist supplier of raw materials to the flavour industry.
      Peter Cannon & David Rowe established Riverside Aromatics in 2006 in Poole, UK, to offer a new type of specialist raw material supplier to the Flavour & Fragrance Industry. We bring together over 40 years of commercial & technical experience in the F&F industry which allows us to understand the needs of the Global F&F business and especially that of the West European Market.
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      Product(s):
      VL1050 gamma-VALEROLACTONE
       
  • Sigma-Aldrich
  • Soda Aromatic
    • Soda Aromatic Co., Ltd.
      Depth of Experience
      We guarantees product safety and quality.
      Our international sales department is happy to design the most suitable flavor & fragrance for specific uses of processed food, cosmetics, and fragrance manufactures all over the world, specializing in Asia.Let us help you with your flavor & fragrance needs.
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      Product(s):
      110248112 gamma-Valerolactone
       
  • Sunaux International
  • Synerzine
    • Synerzine, Inc.
      Innovation. Customization. Aroma Ingredients.
      Synerzine is a leading supplier of flavor and fragrance ingredients.
      Synerzine expresses what we have grown to embody as an organization - the synergy and connection between raw ingredients, science, technology, and the final product. Our experienced team is passionate about bringing our customers high-quality innovative ingredients that they can trust.
      Building upon our 44 year history, the Synerzine team provides customers around the globe with convenient access to over 1200 high-quality aroma ingredients. We actively engage with customers to add a wide array of new products and services on a regular basis. Our aim is to delight every customer with our exceptional services, large product selection, customization and the highest quality and safety standards. We provide our customers with true value designed to help them bring their products to market faster.
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      Product(s):
      W221 gamma-Valerolactone
       
  • TCI AMERICA
    • TCI AMERICA
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      We continuously strive to advance our technology.
      With East & West Coast distribution centers, count on TCI to deliver products quickly and reliably. Over 30,000 Reagents available today in benchtop to bulk quantities. We also offer custom synthesis solutions. Sign up for a TCI account today for fast and free shipping!
      Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (TCI) is a leading worldwide manufacturer of specialty organic chemicals founded in 1946. TCI provides organic laboratory chemicals as well as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and functional materials. More than 70 years of synthesis experience and multi-purpose plants enable TCI to offer more than 30,000 products as well as custom synthesis.
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      Product(s):
      V0007 gamma-Valerolactone >98.0%(GC)
      SDS
       
  • Tianjin Danjun International
    • Tianjin Danjun International Trade Co., LTD.
      Quality Products
      We know the Chinese chemical market well.
      Tianjin danjun international trade co., LTD. is an organic chemicals trading company approved by the relevant state authorities to register. We have about 300 kinds of products (natural aroma chemicals, synthetic aroma chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates). Most of the products are used in flavor and fragrance industry. We know the Chinese chemical market well and we have close relationship with many of the main manufacturers, and to provide our customers with quality goods together with comprehensive service.
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      Product(s):
      G-068 Gamma valerolactone
       
  • R C Treatt & Co Ltd
    • R C Treatt and Co Ltd
      Innovative ingredient solutions
      World-leading innovative ingredient solutions provider for the flavour, fragrance and FMCG industries.
      We offer innovative and trend-setting product concepts for our customers, collaborating with them to create true value for their products.
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      Voice: +44 (0) 1284 702500
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      gamma-Valerolactone
       
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search
Fragrance Demo Formulas    Flavor Demo Formulas
CAS Number: 108-29-2Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN): 57129-69-8
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: 203-569-5
FDA UNII: O7056XK37X
Nikkaji Web: J5.072E
Beilstein Number: 0080420
MDL: MFCD00005400
CoE Number: 757
XlogP3-AA: 0.60 (est)
Molecular Weight: 100.11716000
Formula: C5 H8 O2
BioActivity Summary: listing
NMR Predictor: Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
EFSA/JECFA Comments: JECFA evaluted gamma-valerolactone (CASrn as in Register). Register CASrn refers to the racemate.
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar: Search
Google Books: Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist: Search
Google Patents: Search
US Patents: Search
EU Patents: Search
Pubchem Patents: Search
PubMed: Search
NCBI: Search
JECFA Food Flavoring: 220  gamma-valerolactone
DG SANTE Food Flavourings: 10.013  pentano-1,4-lactone
FEMA Number: 3103 gamma-valerolactone
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF):108-29-2 ; GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Physical Properties:
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00 % 
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 1.04700 to 1.05400 @  25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.712 to  8.770
Refractive Index: 1.43100 to 1.43400 @  20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -31.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 207.00 to  208.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 75.00 to  80.00 °C. @ 7.00 mm Hg
Acid Value: 1.00 max. KOH/g
Vapor Pressure: 0.235000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 3.45 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 205.00 °F. TCC ( 96.11 °C. )
logP (o/w): -0.270
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 fixed oils
 water
 water, 9.381e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor Type: herbal
 
Odor Strength: medium
 
Substantivity: 2 hour(s) at 100.00 %
 
 herbal  sweet  warm  tobacco  cocoa  woody  
Odor Description:
at 100.00 %. 
herbal sweet warm tobacco cocoa woody
Luebke, William tgsc, (1986)
 
 
Flavor Type: tonka
 
 tonka  coumarinic  tobacco  cocoa  chocolate dark chocolate  coconut  
Taste Description:
sweet tonka coumarinic tobacco cocoa dark chocolate coconut
Luebke, William tgsc, (1986)
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Bedoukian Research
gamma-VALEROLACTONE 98.0% (sum of isomers)
Odor Description: A diffusive sweet, hay and tobacco-like odor with a strawberry sweetness
Toiletry fragrances.
Taste Description: sweet
Vanilla and tobacco flavors
 
 
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Cosmetic Information:
CosIng: cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: perfuming agents
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Suppliers:
Achiewell
For experimental / research use only.
g-Valerolactone
ACS International
Valerolactone gamma
Odor: Herbal sweet warm tobacco cocoa woody
Operational Capabilities
Advanced Biotech
GAMMA VALEROLACTONE NATURAL
99% min.
Odor: Herbaceous
Advanced Biotech
GAMMA VALEROLACTONE SYNTHETIC
95% min.
Odor: Herbaceous
Apple Flavor & Fragrance
gamma-Valerolactone
Artiste
gamma-Valerolactone Natural
Augustus Oils
Gamma Valerolactone
Services
Aurochemicals
gamma-VALEROLACTONE, Natural
Beijing Lys Chemicals
gamma-Valerolactone
Berjé
gamma-Valeractone
Media
BeYonde
Gamma-Valerolactone
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
gamma-VALEROLACTONE FCC 98.0%
Citrus and Allied Essences
gamma-Valerolactone FCC
Odor: soft sweet, tobacco-like
Market Report
CJ Latta & Associates
GAMMA VALEROLACTONE
Creatingperfume.com
gamma-Valerolactone FCC
Odor: diffusive sweet, hay and tobacco-like
Diffusions Aromatiques
gamma-VALEROLACTONE
Ernesto Ventós
VALEROLACTONE GAMMA
Odor: SWEET, FRUITY-FLORAL
Excellentia International
gamma-Valerolactone
Indenta Group
gamma-Valerolactone
Indukern F&F
GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE
Odor: FRUITY, MILK, BUTTER
Inoue Perfumery
gamma-VALEROLACTONE
Jiangyin Healthway
gamma-Valerolactone Natural99%
New functional food ingredients
Kingchem Laboratories
GAMMA VALEROLACTONE
Kun Shan P&A
gamma-Valerolactone
Kun Shan P&A
Natural gamma-Valerolactone
Lluch Essence
GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE NATURAL
Lluch Essence
GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE
M&U International
gamma-Valerolactone, Kosher
M&U International
Nat.gamma-Valerolactone, Kosher
Moellhausen
Gamma-VEROLACTONE
Odowell Co.,ltd
Gamma-Valerolactone
PURITY: 99%MIN.
OQEMA
gamma-Valerolactone natural
OQEMA
gamma-Valerolactone natural
Pearlchem Corporation
gamma-Valerolactone
Penta International
GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE NATURAL
Penta International
GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE
Primechem
Gamma-Valerolactone
Quimdis
Gamma Valerolactone SODA
R C Treatt & Co Ltd
gamma-Valerolactone
Reincke & Fichtner
gamma-Valerolactone
Riverside Aromatics
gamma-VALEROLACTONE
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
gamma-Valerolactone
Shanghai Vigen Fine Chemical
gamma-Valerolactone
Sigma-Aldrich
g-Valerolactone, ≥99%, FCC, FG
Odor: anise; herbaceous
Certified Food Grade Products
Sigma-Aldrich
g-Valerolactone, natural, 95%, FG
Odor: warm; sweet; herbac
Soda Aromatic
gamma-Valerolactone
Sunaux International
gamma-Valerolactone
Sunaux International
nat.gamma-Valerolactone
Synerzine
gamma-Valerolactone
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
gamma-Valerolactone >98.0%(GC)
Tianjin Danjun International
Gamma valerolactone
United International
Gamma Valerolactone Nat.
United International
Gamma Valerolactone
Vigon International
Valerolactone Gamma Natural
Vigon International
Valerolactone Gamma
Odor: SOFT, SWEET, TOBACCO-LIKE
WEN International
GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE Natural
WholeChem
Gamma valerolactone
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
gavage-rat LD50  8800 mg/kg
(Deichmann et al., 1945)

oral-rat LD50  > 5000 mg/kg
(Moreno, 1978e)

gavage-rabbit LD50  2480 mg/kg
(Deichmann et al., 1945)

oral-rabbit LD50  2480 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS
Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 27, Pg. 263, 1945.

oral-rat LD50  8800 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS
Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 27, Pg. 263, 1945.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 20, Pg. 847, 1982.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety in Use Information:
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for gamma-valerolactone usage levels up to:
  10.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
 
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 120.00 (μg/capita/day)
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -50.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -4.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -20.00000
fruit ices: -20.00000
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -50.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety References:
Flavor & Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) reference(s):
The FEMA GRAS assessment of lactones used as flavor ingredients. View pdf
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA): Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to - Flavouring Group Evaluation 10: Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
View page or View pdf
Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 2 (FGE.10Rev2): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30
View page or View pdf
EPI System: View
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: Search
AIDS Citations: Search
Cancer Citations: Search
Toxicology Citations: Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): 108-29-2
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : 7921
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
WGK Germany: 2
 5-methyloxolan-2-one
Chemidplus: 0000108292
EPA/NOAA CAMEO: hazardous materials
RTECS: LU3580000 for cas# 108-29-2
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
References:
Leffingwell: Chirality or Article
 5-methyloxolan-2-one
NIST Chemistry WebBook: Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List: 108-29-2
Pubchem (cid): 7921
Pubchem (sid): 134972902
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Other Information:
(IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos: The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc: Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): View
CHEBI: View
CHEMBL: View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): HMDB33840
FooDB: FDB012018
Export Tariff Code: 2932.20.5050
VCF-Online: VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider: View
Wikipedia: View
EFSA Update of results on the monitoring of furan levels in food: Read Report
EFSA Previous report: Results on the monitoring of furan levels in food: Read Report
EFSA Report of the CONTAM Panel on provisional findings on furan in food: Read Report
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Potential Blenders and core components note
 
For Odor
aldehydic
aldehydic
10-undecenal (aldehyde C-11 undecylenic)FL/FR
animal
 animal carbolactoneFR
 costus valerolactoneFR
balsamic
2-acetyl furanFL/FR
 amyl cinnamateFL/FR
isoamyl cinnamateFL/FR
 amyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 amyris wood oilFL/FR
 benzyl cinnamateFL/FR
dextro,laevo-isoborneolFL/FR
isobornyl acetateFL/FR
 butyl cinnamateFL/FR
 cinnamyl alcoholFL/FR
 clover nitrileFR
 ethyl cinnamateFL/FR
 methyl cinnamateFL/FR
 prenyl benzoateFL/FR
berry
 raspberry ketoneFL/FR
buttery
 acetoinFL/FR
camphoreous
dextro-camphorFL/FR
 cycloteneFL/FR
 ethyl maltolFL/FR
 fenugreek oleoresinFL/FR
 maltolFL/FR
 strawberry furanoneFL/FR
chocolate
isoamyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
isobutyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 chocolate pyrazine AFL/FR
 cocoa hexenalFL/FR
 cocoa oleoresinFL/FR
 cocoa pentenalFL/FR
2,5-dimethyl pyrazineFL/FR
2,6-dimethyl pyrazineFL/FR
2-methoxypyrazineFL/FR
2,4,5-trimethyl thiazoleFL/FR
citrus
blood orange oil italyFL/FR
cocoa
2-isobutyl-3,5-(and 3,6)-dimethyl pyrazineFL/FR
2-methyl butyraldehydeFL/FR
coconut
gamma-heptalactoneFL/FR
gamma-nonalactone (aldehyde C-18 (so-called))FL/FR
gamma-octalactoneFL/FR
earthy
2-octanoneFL/FR
isopropyl formateFL/FR
fermented
3-methyl-1-pentanolFL/FR
 valeraldehydeFL/FR
floral
alpha-amyl cinnamyl acetateFL/FR
 amyl salicylateFL/FR
isoamyl salicylateFL/FR
 anise indeneFR
 benzyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 coriander seed oilFL/FR
 cyclamen aldehydeFL/FR
 cyclohexyl ethyl alcoholFL/FR
alpha-damasconeFL/FR
 dihydrojasmoneFL/FR
 dimethyl anthranilateFL/FR
 dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrateFL/FR
 ethyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 floral pyranolFR
 geraniolFL/FR
 heliotropinFL/FR
 heliotropyl acetateFL/FR
 heliotropyl acetoneFL/FR
alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
 ilex paraguariensis oleoresinFL/FR
(Z)-jasmoneFL/FR
 karo karounde absoluteFR
 lavandula angustifolia flower oilFL/FR
 lavender oil franceFL/FR
 leerallFR
 linalool oxideFL/FR
 methyl dihydrojasmonateFL/FR
 nerolidolFL/FR
 nonisyl propionateFR
 ocean propanalFL/FR
 orris rhizome resinoid (iris pallida)FL/FR
 petitgrain bigarade oilFL/FR
 prenyl salicylateFL/FR
 rose butanoateFL/FR
fruity
 allyl amyl glycolateFR
 allyl cyclohexyl propionateFL/FR
 artemisia pallens herb oilFL/FR
3-benzyl-4-heptanoneFL/FR
 butyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
beta-damasconeFL/FR
 ethyl levulinateFL/FR
 green acetateFR
 strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called))FL/FR
gamma-undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called))FL/FR
green
isocyclocitral (IFF)FL/FR
para-methyl hydratropaldehydeFL/FR
(E,Z)-2,6-nonadien-1-olFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehydeFL/FR
 syringaldehydeFL/FR
 valerian rhizome oil CO2 extract chinaFL/FR
hay
 woodruff absoluteFR
herbal
 bornyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
 bornyl butyrateFL/FR
beta-bourboneneFL/FR
alpha-cadinolFL/FR
 coriander oleoresinFL/FR
 daucus carota fruit oilFL/FR
 dimethyl cyclormol (IFF)FR
 herbal undecanoneFR
 immortelle flower oilFL/FR
 methyl nicotinateFL/FR
curled parsley leaf oilFL/FR
 tea leaf absoluteFL/FR
 thyme oil wild or creepingFL/FR
 tricyclodecenyl isobutyrateFR
 tricyclodecenyl propionateFR
 valerian rhizome oilFL/FR
 valerian rhizome oil chinaFL/FR
 yerba mate absoluteFL/FR
honey
 butyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 phenyl acetic acidFL/FR
melon
 watermelon ketoneFR
minty
 pennyroyal oilFL/FR
musty
 cocoa butenalFL/FR
3,6-cocoa pyrazineFL/FR
4,5-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3-thiazolineFL/FR
2,6-lutidineFL/FR
2-methyl pyrazineFL/FR
2,3,5,6-tetramethyl pyrazineFL/FR
2,3,5-trimethyl pyrazineFL/FR
 vinyl sulfurolFL/FR
phenolic
2,3-dimethyl benzofuranFL/FR
popcorn
2-acetyl pyrazineFL/FR
powdery
para-anisyl alcoholFL/FR
roasted
 fenugreek resinoidFL/FR
spicy
 atractylis root oilFR
 cassia bark oil chinaFL/FR
 cinnamon acroleinFL/FR
 clove bud oilFL/FR
black currant bud absoluteFL/FR
isoeugenyl acetateFL/FR
white pepper oilFL/FR
black pepper oleoresinFL/FR
4-isopropyl-2-cyclohexenoneFL/FR
 turmeric root absoluteFL/FR
terpenic
alpha-terpineolFL/FR
thujonic
common tansy flower oil argentinaFL/FR
common tansy leaf oil dutchFR
 woody ketoneFL/FR
tobacco
2,6,6-trimethyl-2-hydroxycyclohexanoneFL/FR
tonka
 deertongue absoluteFR
gamma-hexalactoneFL/FR
 tonka bean absoluteFR
vanilla
 ethyl vanillinFL/FR
 ethyl vanillin isobutyrateFL/FR
 vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia)FL/FR
 vanillinFL/FR
 vanillyl acetateFL/FR
 vanillyl isobutyrateFL/FR
waxy
 phenethyl octanoateFL/FR
woody
(R)-gamma-cadinene 
 campheneFL/FR
(+)-campheneFL/FR
 cistus twig/leaf oilFL/FR
 marine formateFR
gamma-muurolene 
 origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare oil himalaya 
 polylimoneneFL/FR
 santallFR
 spruce needle oil canadaFL/FR
(Z)-woody amyleneFR
 woody cyclohexanoneFR
 
For Flavor
 
No flavor group found for these
 amyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 bornyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
 bornyl butyrateFL/FR
beta-bourboneneFL/FR
 butyl cinnamateFL/FR
2-isobutyl-3,5-(and 3,6)-dimethyl pyrazineFL/FR
2(4)-isobutyl-4(2),6-dimethyl dihydro-4H-1,3,5-dithiazineFL
delta-cadineneFL
(R)-gamma-cadinene 
alpha-cadinolFL/FR
(+)-campheneFL/FR
 chocolate pyrazine AFL/FR
 chocolate pyrazine BFL
4,5-dimethyl-2-ethyl thiazoleFL
 fig leaf absoluteFL
 ilex paraguariensis oleoresinFL/FR
2-methoxypyrazineFL/FR
 methyl nicotinateFL/FR
1-methyl pyrroleFL
gamma-muurolene 
 origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare oil himalaya 
 peanut dithiazineFL
 polylimoneneFL/FR
 prenyl benzoateFL/FR
4-isopropyl-2-cyclohexenoneFL/FR
2,6,6-trimethyl-2-hydroxycyclohexanoneFL/FR
 woody ketoneFL/FR
beta-damasconeFL/FR
 paullinia cupana seed tinctureFL
apple
(E,Z)-2,6-nonadien-1-olFL/FR
aromatic
 amyl salicylateFL/FR
balsamic
 amyl cinnamateFL/FR
 ethyl cinnamateFL/FR
berry
 heliotropyl acetoneFL/FR
 raspberry ketoneFL/FR
bitter
 methyl ethoxypyrazineFL
 paullinia cupana seed extractFL
brown
 fenugreek oleoresinFL/FR
camphoreous
dextro,laevo-isoborneolFL/FR
 campheneFL/FR
caramellic
 caramel furanoneFL
 cycloteneFL/FR
 ethyl maltolFL/FR
 fenugreek resinoidFL/FR
 maltolFL/FR
 strawberry furanoneFL/FR
chemical
2,3-dimethyl benzofuranFL/FR
cherry
 heliotropinFL/FR
chocolate
 cocoa oleoresinFL/FR
 cocoa propanalFL
 creme de cocoa flavorFL
citrus
blood orange oil italyFL/FR
 petitgrain bigarade oilFL/FR
alpha-terpineolFL/FR
cocoa
isobutyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 butyraldehydeFL
 cocoa hexenalFL/FR
2-methyl furanFL
 syringaldehydeFL/FR
coconut
gamma-nonalactone (aldehyde C-18 (so-called))FL/FR
creamy
 acetoinFL/FR
gamma-hexalactoneFL/FR
gamma-undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called))FL/FR
dairy
2-octanoneFL/FR
earthy
alpha-amyl cinnamyl acetateFL/FR
fatty
 cocoa butter distillatesFL
10-undecenal (aldehyde C-11 undecylenic)FL/FR
floral
isoamyl cinnamateFL/FR
isoamyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 cocoa pentenalFL/FR
 dihydrojasmoneFL/FR
 dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrateFL/FR
 geraniolFL/FR
 heliotropyl acetateFL/FR
 methyl dihydrojasmonateFL/FR
 ocean propanalFL/FR
 orris rhizome resinoid (iris pallida)FL/FR
 phenyl acetic acidFL/FR
 rosa canina seed extractFL
fruity
 allyl cyclohexyl propionateFL/FR
para-anisyl alcoholFL/FR
 artemisia pallens herb oilFL/FR
3-benzyl-4-heptanoneFL/FR
 butyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
alpha-damasconeFL/FR
 dimethyl anthranilateFL/FR
 ethyl levulinateFL/FR
 phenethyl octanoateFL/FR
isopropyl formateFL/FR
 rose butanoateFL/FR
 strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called))FL/FR
 valerian rhizome oilFL/FR
 valerian rhizome oil chinaFL/FR
 valerian rhizome oil CO2 extract chinaFL/FR
fusel
2-methyl butyraldehydeFL/FR
green
isoamyl salicylateFL/FR
 cinnamyl alcoholFL/FR
 cocoa butenalFL/FR
 cyclamen aldehydeFL/FR
isocyclocitral (IFF)FL/FR
 cyclohexyl ethyl alcoholFL/FR
2-ethyl butyraldehydeFL
 linalool oxideFL/FR
para-methyl hydratropaldehydeFL/FR
 nerolidolFL/FR
herbal
 coriander oleoresinFL/FR
 coriander seed oilFL/FR
 daucus carota fruit oilFL/FR
 immortelle flower oilFL/FR
 lavandula angustifolia flower oilFL/FR
 lavender oil franceFL/FR
curled parsley leaf oilFL/FR
 prenyl salicylateFL/FR
 thyme oil wild or creepingFL/FR
 yerba mate absoluteFL/FR
honey
 benzyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 butyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 ethyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehydeFL/FR
lactonic
gamma-heptalactoneFL/FR
gamma-octalactoneFL/FR
malty
 yeast thiazolineFL
meaty
2,6-dimethyl pyrazineFL/FR
medicinal
dextro-camphorFL/FR
minty
 pennyroyal oilFL/FR
musty
2,5-dimethyl pyrazineFL/FR
 propionaldehydeFL
2,3,5-trimethyl pyrazineFL/FR
nutty
2-acetyl furanFL/FR
3,6-cocoa pyrazineFL/FR
4,5-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3-thiazolineFL/FR
2,4-dimethyl-5-vinyl thiazoleFL
2,6-lutidineFL/FR
2-methyl pyrazineFL/FR
2,3,5,6-tetramethyl pyrazineFL/FR
2,4,5-trimethyl thiazoleFL/FR
 vinyl sulfurolFL/FR
roasted
2-acetyl pyrazineFL/FR
rooty
 guarana flavorFL
spicy
 benzyl cinnamateFL/FR
 cassia bark oil chinaFL/FR
 cinnamon acroleinFL/FR
 clove bud oilFL/FR
black currant bud absoluteFL/FR
isoeugenyl acetateFL/FR
 methyl cinnamateFL/FR
white pepper oilFL/FR
black pepper oleoresinFL/FR
 turmeric root absoluteFL/FR
tea
 tea leaf absoluteFL/FR
thujonic
common tansy flower oil argentinaFL/FR
vanilla
 ethyl vanillinFL/FR
 ethyl vanillin isobutyrateFL/FR
 vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia)FL/FR
 vanillinFL/FR
 vanillyl acetateFL/FR
 vanillyl isobutyrateFL/FR
waxy
alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
whiskey
3-methyl-1-pentanolFL/FR
winey
 valeraldehydeFL/FR
woody
 amyris wood oilFL/FR
isobornyl acetateFL/FR
 cistus twig/leaf oilFL/FR
(Z)-jasmoneFL/FR
 spruce needle oil canadaFL/FR
 
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Potential Uses:
 cheese swiss cheeseFL
 chocolate cocoaFL
 coffeeFR
 filbertFR
 fungusFR
 herbalFR
 mangoFR
 nutFL
 peachFR
 peanutFR
 teaFL
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 barley roasted barley
Search Trop  Picture
 beef heated beef
Search  PMC Picture
 beer
Search  PMC Picture
 cheese swiss cheese
Search  PMC Picture
 cocoa
Search Trop  Picture
 coffee
Search  PMC Picture
 crispbread
Search  PMC Picture
 filbert roasted filbert
Search Trop  Picture
 mango fruit
Search Trop  Picture
 milk
Search  PMC Picture
 milk products
Search  PMC Picture
 mushroom
Search  PMC Picture
 peach fruit
Search Trop  Picture
 peanut roasted peanut
Search Trop  Picture
 pork heated pork
Search  PMC Picture
 shoyu
Search  PMC Picture
 tea
Search Trop  Picture
 tomato
Search Trop  Picture
 wine
Search  Picture
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Synonyms:
 dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
2(3H)-furanone, dihydro-5-methyl-
4-hydroxypentanoic acid gamma-lactone
4-hydroxyvaleric acid gamma-lactone
4-hydroxyvaleric acid lactone
4-methyl butan-4-olide
5-methyl tetrahydro-2-furanone
4-methyl-4-hydroxybutanoic acid lactone
4-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone
gamma-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone
4-methylbutan-4-olide
5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
5-methyloxolan-2-one
gamma-pentalactone
 pentano-1,4-lactone
4-pentanolide
gamma-valeractone
(±)-gamma-valerolactone
4-valerolactone
gamma valerolactone
nat.gamma-valerolactone
gamma-valerolactone FCC
 valerolactone gamma
 valerolactone gamma natural
gamma-valerolactone natural
gamma-valerolactone synthetic
gamma-valeryl lactone
gamma-verolactone
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Articles:
PubMed: Integration of mild acid hydrolysis in γ-valerolactone/water system for enhancement of enzymatic saccharification from cotton stalk.
PubMed: Conversion of corn stalk into furfural using a novel heterogeneous strong acid catalyst in γ-valerolactone.
PubMed: Atom-economical synthesis of γ-valerolactone with self-supplied hydrogen from methanol.
PubMed: Effects of Metabolites Produced from (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate by Rat Intestinal Bacteria on Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Activity and Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.
PubMed: Conversion of levulinic acid into γ-valerolactone using Fe3(CO)12: mimicking a biorefinery setting by exploiting crude liquors from biomass acid hydrolysis.
PubMed: Porous Zirconium-Phytic Acid Hybrid: a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reductions.
PubMed: Insights into the Lactonase Mechanism of Serum Paraoxonase 1 (PON1): Experimental and Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) Studies.
PubMed: Acid-Functionalized Mesoporous Carbon: An Efficient Support for Ruthenium-Catalyzed γ-Valerolactone Production.
PubMed: Profiling a gut microbiota-generated catechin metabolite's fate in human blood cells using a metabolomic approach.
PubMed: Influence of age on the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of cocoa flavanols in healthy subjects.
PubMed: Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol in the Presence of a Recyclable Cobalt/SBA-15 Catalyst.
PubMed: In Situ Catalytic Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Methyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone in Methanol.
PubMed: Cascade upgrading of γ-valerolactone to biofuels.
PubMed: Solvent-enabled nonenyzmatic sugar production from biomass for chemical and biological upgrading.
PubMed: High performing and stable supported nano-alloys for the catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone.
PubMed: Biotransformation of (-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-gallocatechin by intestinal bacteria involved in isoflavone metabolism.
PubMed: A lignocellulosic ethanol strategy via nonenzymatic sugar production: process synthesis and analysis.
PubMed: Titania-Supported Catalysts for Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation: Influence of Support and its Impact on γ-Valerolactone Yield.
PubMed: Highly sensitive analysis of polyphenols and their metabolites in human blood cells using dispersive SPE extraction and LC-MS/MS.
PubMed: Hydrodeoxygenation processes: advances on catalytic transformations of biomass-derived platform chemicals into hydrocarbon fuels.
PubMed: Advanced biorefinery based on the fractionation of biomass in γ-valerolactone and water.
PubMed: Solvent effects in acid-catalyzed biomass conversion reactions.
PubMed: Efficient, solvent-free hydrogenation of α-angelica lactone catalysed by Ru/C at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
PubMed: Role of water in metal catalyst performance for ketone hydrogenation: a joint experimental and theoretical study on levulinic acid conversion into gamma-valerolactone.
PubMed: Isolation and characterization of rat intestinal bacteria involved in biotransformation of (-)-epigallocatechin.
PubMed: Catalytic conversion of γ-valerolactone to ε-caprolactam: towards nylon from renewable feedstock.
PubMed: Is the age-related loss in olfactory sensitivity similar for light and heavy molecules?
PubMed: Nonenzymatic sugar production from biomass using biomass-derived γ-valerolactone.
PubMed: Production of furfural from xylose, xylan and corncob in gamma-valerolactone using FeCl3·6H2O as catalyst.
PubMed: Production of 4-valerolactone by an equilibrium-limited transformation in a partitioning bioreactor: impact of absorptive polymer properties.
PubMed: Acet-oxy-γ-valerolactone.
PubMed: Domino reaction catalyzed by zeolites with Brønsted and Lewis acid sites for the production of γ-valerolactone from furfural.
PubMed: Conversion of carbohydrate biomass to γ-valerolactone by using water-soluble and reusable iridium complexes in acidic aqueous media.
PubMed: Eco-solvents--cluster-formation, surfactantless microemulsions and facilitated hydrotropy.
PubMed: Studies on the microbial synthesis and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates containing 4-hydroxyvalerate using γ-valerolactone.
PubMed: RANEY® Ni catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of levulinate esters to γ-valerolactone at room temperature.
PubMed: Facilitated uptake of a bioactive metabolite of maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol) into human erythrocytes.
PubMed: Uptake of gamma-valerolactone--detection of gamma-hydroxyvaleric acid in human urine samples.
PubMed: Ionic-liquid-catalyzed efficient transformation of γ-valerolactone to methyl 3-pentenoate under mild conditions.
PubMed: Electricity storage in biofuels: selective electrocatalytic reduction of levulinic acid to valeric acid or γ-valerolactone.
PubMed: A chemo-enzymatic route to synthesize (S)-γ-valerolactone from levulinic acid.
PubMed: Conversion of hemicellulose into furfural using solid acid catalysts in γ-valerolactone.
PubMed: Electrophysiological responses of the olfactory receptors of the tick Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) to host-related and tick pheromone-related synthetic compounds.
PubMed: Development of heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone.
PubMed: Structural elucidation and quantification of phenolic conjugates present in human urine after tea intake.
PubMed: Origin of selectivity of Tsuji-Trost allylic alkylation of lactones: highly ordered transition states with lithium-containing enolates.
PubMed: Facilitated cellular uptake and suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by a metabolite of maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol).
PubMed: Production of aromatic hydrocarbons through catalytic pyrolysis of γ-valerolactone from biomass.
PubMed: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by green and white tea and their simulated intestinal metabolites.
PubMed: Intake of dietary procyanidins does not contribute to the pool of circulating flavanols in humans.
PubMed: Gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and gamma valerolactone (GVL): similarities and differences in their effects on the acoustic startle reflex and the conditioned enhancement of startle in the rat.
PubMed: In vitro fermentation of a red wine extract by human gut microbiota: changes in microbial groups and formation of phenolic metabolites.
PubMed: Conversion of biomass-derived levulinate and formate esters into γ-valerolactone over supported gold catalysts.
PubMed: Liquid-phase catalytic transfer hydrogenation and cyclization of levulinic acid and its esters to γ-valerolactone over metal oxide catalysts.
PubMed: Selective homogeneous hydrogenation of biogenic carboxylic acids with [Ru(TriPhos)H]+: a mechanistic study.
PubMed: Hydrogen-independent reductive transformation of carbohydrate biomass into γ-valerolactone and pyrrolidone derivatives with supported gold catalysts.
PubMed: Synthesis, analytical features, and biological relevance of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, a microbial metabolite derived from the catabolism of dietary flavan-3-ols.
PubMed: Isolation of catechin-converting human intestinal bacteria.
PubMed: Reactive extraction of levulinate esters and conversion to γ-valerolactone for production of liquid fuels.
PubMed: Antioxidative activity of microbial metabolites of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate produced in rat intestines.
PubMed: Simultaneous determination of γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its analogues (GBL, 1.4-BD, GVL) in whole blood and urine by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Metabolism of green tea catechins by the human small intestine.
PubMed: Conversion of levulinic acid and formic acid into γ-valerolactone over heterogeneous catalysts.
PubMed: Plasma protein binding of polyphenols from maritime pine bark extract (USP).
PubMed: Chemistry. Connecting biomass and petroleum processing with a chemical bridge.
PubMed: γ-Valerolactone ring-opening and decarboxylation over SiO2/Al2O3 in the presence of water.
PubMed: Integrated catalytic conversion of gamma-valerolactone to liquid alkenes for transportation fuels.
PubMed: A methodology to estimate concentration profiles from two-dimensional covariance spectroscopy applied to kinetic data.
PubMed: Bioavailability and catabolism of green tea flavan-3-ols in humans.
PubMed: Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative [4 + 3] cyclization of gamma-methylidene-delta-valerolactones with 1,1-dicyanocyclopropanes.
PubMed: Profile of plasma and urine metabolites after the intake of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] polyphenols in humans.
PubMed: Characterization of two lactones in liquid phase: an experimental and computational approach.
PubMed: Targeted metabolic profiling of phenolics in urine and plasma after regular consumption of cocoa by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates into gamma-valerolactone without using an external H2 supply.
PubMed: MCR-ALS for sequential estimation of FTIR-ATR spectra to resolve a curing process using global phase angle convergence criterion.
PubMed: Procyanidin dimers are metabolized by human microbiota with 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid and 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone as the major metabolites.
PubMed: Human urinary metabolite profile of tea polyphenols analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with data-dependent acquisition.
PubMed: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in the blood of impaired drivers, users of illicit drugs, and medical examiner cases.
PubMed: Maximising opportunities in supercritical chemistry: the continuous conversion of levulinic acid to gamma-valerolactone in CO(2).
PubMed: Flavanol monomer-induced changes to the human faecal microflora.
PubMed: Block copolymers for drug solubilisation: relative hydrophobicities of polyether and polyester micelle-core-forming blocks.
PubMed: Towards 'bio-based' Nylon: conversion of gamma-valerolactone to methyl pentenoate under catalytic distillation conditions.
PubMed: Cytoprotective constituent of Hoveniae Lignum on both Hep G2 cells and rat primary hepatocytes.
PubMed: Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol) after oral administration to healthy volunteers.
PubMed: "Ionic carbenes": synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivity of rare-Earth metal methylidene complexes.
PubMed: Trends in gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and related drug intoxication: 1999 to 2003.
PubMed: Analysis of GHB and 4-methyl-GHB in postmortem matrices after long-term storage.
PubMed: A theoretical study on the origin of pi-facial stereoselectivity in the alkylation of enolates derived from 4-substituted gamma-butyrolactones.
PubMed: Sequential arrangement of gamma-valerolactone enantiomers enclathrated in cholic acid channels as studied by 13C solid-state NMR: elucidation of the optical resolution mechanism.
PubMed: Phenol and lactone receptors in the distal sensilla of the Haller's organ in Ixodes ricinus ticks and their possible role in host perception.
PubMed: Antioxidant activity and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases by metabolites of maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol).
PubMed: Urinary excretion of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone, a ring-fission metabolite of (-)-epicatechin, in rats and its in vitro antioxidant activity.
PubMed: Identification of metabolites of (-)-epicatechin gallate and their metabolic fate in the rat.
PubMed: Clinical pharmacokinetics of antioxidants and their impact on systemic oxidative stress.
PubMed: Pharmacokinetics of (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, an active component of Onpi-to, in rats.
PubMed: [Preparation of gas chromatographic capillary columns with beta-cyclodextrin polymer stationary phase modified with methyl phenyl silicone(OV-17)].
PubMed: Biosynthesis and local sequence specific degradation of poly(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava.
PubMed: Pharmacokinetics of tea catechins after ingestion of green tea and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate by humans: formation of different metabolites and individual variability.
PubMed: Urinary tea polyphenols in relation to gastric and esophageal cancers: a prospective study of men in Shanghai, China.
PubMed: Identification and characterization of methylated and ring-fission metabolites of tea catechins formed in humans, mice, and rats.
PubMed: Urinary metabolites of French maritime pine bark extract in humans.
PubMed: Metabolic fate of (-)-[4-(3)H]epigallocatechin gallate in rats after oral administration.
PubMed: Versatile 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one: stereoselective methodology for generating C-glycosides, delta-valerolactones, and polyacetate segments.
PubMed: Analysis of urinary metabolites of tea catechins by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Structural identification of two metabolites of catechins and their kinetics in human urine and blood after tea ingestion.
PubMed: Pronounced differences in inhibition potency of lactone and non-lactone compounds for mouse and human coumarin 7-hydroxylases (CYP2A5 and CYP2A6).
PubMed: Determination of free and glucuronated hexane metabolites without prior hydrolysis by liquid- and gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Comparison of thermal characteristics and degradation properties of epsilon-caprolactone copolymers.
PubMed: Biosynthesis of poly(4-hydroxybutyric acid) by recombinant strains of Escherichia coli.
PubMed: Method for the simultaneous quantification of n-hexane metabolites: application to n-hexane metabolism determination.
PubMed: Toxic effects of hexane derivatives on cultured rat Schwann cells.
PubMed: The metabolism of n-nonane in male Fischer 344 rats.
PubMed: Identification of vertebrate volatiles stimulating olfactory receptors on tarsus I of the tick Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Ixodidae). I. Receptors within the Haller's organ capsule.
PubMed: The influence of solvent stress on MMS-induced genetic change in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed: Induction of chromosome loss by mixtures of organic solvents including neurotoxins.
PubMed: Aprotic polar solvents that affect porcine brain tubulin aggregation in vitro induce aneuploidy in yeast cells growing at low temperatures.
PubMed: Urinary excretion of 2,5-hexanedione and peripheral polyneuropathies workers exposed to hexane.
PubMed: Identification of the n-heptane metabolites in rat and human urine.
PubMed: Impairment of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis by 2,5-hexanedione.
PubMed: The microbial metabolism of condensed (+)-catechins by rat-caecal microflora.
PubMed: Methodological investigations on the determination of n-hexane metabolites in urine.
PubMed: Analysis of n-hexane, 2-hexanone, 2,5-hexanedione, and related chemicals by capillary gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed: Genetic change may be caused by interference with protein-protein interactions.
PubMed: Identification of volatile metabolites of inhaled n-heptane in rat urine.
PubMed: Changes of n-hexane neurotoxicity and its urinary metabolites by long-term co-exposure with MEK or toluene.
PubMed: A study on biological monitoring of n-hexane exposure.
PubMed: Changes of n-hexane metabolites in urine of rats exposed to various concentrations of n-hexane and to its mixture with toluene or MEK.
PubMed: Urinary excretion of n-hexane metabolites. A comparative study in rat, rabbit and monkey.
PubMed: Neurotoxic metabolites of "commercial hexane" in the urine of shoe factory workers.
PubMed: Experimental neurotoxicity and urinary metabolites of the C5-C7 aliphatic hydrocarbons used as glue solvents in shoe manufacture.
PubMed: Urinary excretion of the metabolites of n-hexane and its isomers during occupational exposure.
PubMed: Measurement of the urinary metabolites of N-hexane, cyclohexane and their isomers by gas chromatography.
PubMed: Pharmacokinetics of 14C-2-allophanyl-2-allyl -gamma-valero-lactone: a prodrug of proxibarbal in rats.
PubMed: Cyclohexyl analogues of some antiinflammatory drugs.
PubMed: Kinetics and mechanism of decomposition of some derivatives of 5-allylbarbituric acid. Part V. The course of hydrolysis of 5 allyl-5-(2'-hydroxypropyl)barbituric acid.
PubMed: Central properties of alpha-allophanyl-alpha-allyl-gamma-valerolactone (valofan) [proceedings].
PubMed: Prevention of experimental gastric ulcers in rats by dial derivatives.
PubMed: Presence of (+/-)-delta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone in human urine.
PubMed: Studies on flavonoid metabolism. Biliary and urinary excretion of metabolites of (+)-(U- 14 C)catechin.
PubMed: New derivatives of alpha-ethyl-alpha-allophanyl-gamma-valerolactone.
PubMed: Studies on flavonoid metabolism. Metabolism of (+)-[14C] catechin in the rat and guinea pig.
PubMed: [Mutagenic action of alpha-aceto-beta-vinyl-gamma-valerolactone].
PubMed: 2-benzyl-5-(N,N-dimethylamino)-gamma-valerolactone, an inhibitor of plasma cholinesterase.
PubMed: The influence of prolonged administration of alpha-allyl-allophanylphenyl-gamma-valerolactone (T1) on behavior and bioelectric brain activity in cats.
PubMed: Studies on flavonoid metabolism. Metabolism of (+)-catechin in the guinea pig.
PubMed: Metabolism of alpha-allyl-alpha-allophanyl-gamma-valerolactone.
PubMed: DERIVATIVES OF ALPHA-PHENYL-ALPHA-ALLYL-GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE.
PubMed: QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ALPHA-ALLYL-GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE IN PHYSIOLOGIC BODY FLUIDS.
PubMed: Some derivatives of gamma-valerolactone.
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