Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | dark brown liquid (est) |
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 0.97900 to 0.98400 @ 25.00 °C.
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Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 8.146 to 8.188
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Refractive Index: | 1.48900 to 1.49300 @ 20.00 °C.
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Flash Point: | 143.00 °F. TCC ( 61.67 °C. )
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Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 2.228e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Insoluble in: |
| water |
Organoleptic Properties:
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Odor Type: caramellic |
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Substantivity: | 400 Hour(s) |
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| sweet maple celery spicy coumarinic balsamic |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | sweet maple celery spicy coumarin balsam |
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Flavor Type: caramellic |
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| maple celery caramellic coffee nutty fatty |
Taste Description: at 5.00 ppm in 5% sugar solution. | Strong maples, celery, caramellic, coffee-like with lingering nutty and fatty nuances Mosciano, Gerard P&F 24, No. 4, 27, (1999) |
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Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Robertet |
Fenugreek absolute 100% Pure & Natural, Kosher |
Odor Description: | Spicy, powerful, aromatic, celry, nuts, warm |
|
Robertet |
Fenugreek roasted absolute 100% Pure & Natural, Kosher |
Odor Description: | Spicy, powerful, green, coffee, nuts |
|
Firmenich |
FENUGREEK INDIA ABS for fragrance |
Odor Description: | The olfactive profile is sweet, spicy, balsam-like, with slight celery notes and anisic facet FENUGREEK INDIA ABS can be used to boost the spicy
and gourmand anisic notes. |
|
Firmenich |
FENUGREEK INDIA ABS Kosher for flavor |
Odor Description: | The olfactive profile is sweet, spicy, balsam-like, with slight celery notes and anisic facet |
Taste Description: | Fatty nutty Highly concentrated |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
A. Fakhry |
For experimental / research use only. |
Fenugreek Absolute
|
Ambles Nature et Chimie |
FENUGREC
|
Argeville |
FENUGREEK ABSOLUTE
|
Augustus Oils |
Fenugreek Absolute Aromatherapy Oil
|
Services |
Aurochemicals |
FENUGREEK ABSOLUTE, Natural
|
Biolandes Parfumerie |
Fenugreek Absolute
|
Photo Gallery |
Bontoux |
FENUGREEK ABSOLUTE
|
Charabot |
Fenugreek absolute
100% Pure & Natural, Kosher Odor: Spicy, powerful, aromatic, celry, nuts, warm |
Charabot |
Fenugreek roasted absolute
100% Pure & Natural, Kosher Odor: Spicy, powerful, green, coffee, nuts |
Diffusions Aromatiques |
FENUGREC ABSOLUE SUPER
|
Diffusions Aromatiques |
FENUGREC ABSOLUE
|
Diffusions Aromatiques |
FENUGREC ABSOLUE
|
ECSA Chemicals |
FENUGREEK ABSOLUTE
|
ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY |
Ernesto Ventós |
FENUGREEK ABSOLUTE FIRMENICH 942366
Odor: SWEET, HERBACEOUS, SPICY, BALSAMIC |
Ernesto Ventós |
FENUGREEK ABSOLUTE FIRMENICH 942402
|
Ernesto Ventós |
FENUGREEK ABSOLUTE
|
Excellentia International |
Fenugreek Absolute
|
Firmenich |
FENUGREEK ABS Kosher
for flavor Odor: sweet, herbaceous, spicy and balsam-like Flavor: Fatty nutty green celery Traditionnal Fenugreek absolute, comparable to the
market products. Cost efficient.
Sourcing at source in Morocco |
Firmenich |
FENUGREEK INDIA ABS Kosher
for flavor Flavor: Fatty nutty Highly concentrated |
Firmenich |
FENUGREEK INDIA ABS
for fragrance Odor: The olfactive profile is sweet, spicy, balsam-like, with slight celery notes and anisic facet Use: FENUGREEK INDIA ABS can be used to boost the spicy
and gourmand anisic notes. |
Global Essence |
Fenugreek Absolute
|
Hermitage Oils |
Fenugreek Absolute
Odor: characteristic Use: Adam Michael has this to say “Fenugreek absolute is produced by solvent extracting the seeds, antique orange-red colour and with gentle warmth will become pourable. The top note is spicy food orientated and the heart note resembles an infusion of brazil nuts, walnuts, raisins and delicate sugar sweet apricots with light earthy undertones and all of impressive tenacity. For all therapists considering fenugreek we would advise you use our fenugreek CO2 which is predominately of a fatty acid profile and a safer and easier to use option. For the perfumer this is invaluable for gourmands, creating striking effects for precious woods, florals, even deep ambers and musks.” |
Lluch Essence |
FENUGREEK ABS.
|
Mane |
Fenugreek Absolute
Odor: Walnut Fenugreek Spicy Use: Fenugreek is a small Eurasian plant with a pod shaped flower containing mildly bitter seeds. It owes its name to the Latin foenum-graecum, meaning “Greek hay”, as it was originally used by the Greeks to give a scent to inferior hay. Dry fenugreek seeds are still used for their therapeutic virtues, and in culinary applications, while the essence, which is extracted from the seeds, gives a walnut-like and spicy aroma to several types of perfumes. |
Moellhausen |
FENUGREEK ABSOL
|
Penta International |
FENUGREEK ABSOLUTE
|
Phoenix Aromas & Essential Oils |
Fenugreek Absolute
|
Reincke & Fichtner |
Fenugreek Absolute
|
Robertet |
Fenugreek Absolute, Colorless (for fragrance)
|
Seasons and Harvest / Crop calendar |
Robertet |
Fenugreek absolute
100% Pure & Natural, Kosher Odor: Spicy, powerful, aromatic, celry, nuts, warm |
Robertet |
Fenugreek roasted absolute
100% Pure & Natural, Kosher Odor: Spicy, powerful, green, coffee, nuts |
Robertet |
FENUGREEK
Pure & Nat, Colorless absolute on PG |
Sigma-Aldrich |
Fenugreek absolute, natural, FG
Odor: herbaceous; sweet |
Certified Food Grade Products |
The John D. Walsh Company |
Fenugreek Absolute
|
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View |
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | Xn - Harmful. |
R 20/22 - Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. R 42/43 - May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
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Hazards identification |
|
Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
|
Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
Recommendation for fenugreek absolute usage levels up to: | | 2.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
|
Recommendation for fenugreek absolute flavor usage levels up to: |
| 15.0000 ppm in the finished product.
|
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effect on the environment: mode of action and assessment of efficacy View page or View pdf |
EPI System: | View |
ClinicalTrials.gov: | search |
Daily Med: | search |
AIDS Citations: | Search |
Cancer Citations: | Search |
Toxicology Citations: | Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 68990-15-8 |
EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| trigonella foenum graecum l. absolute |
Chemidplus: | 0068990158 |
References:
| trigonella foenum graecum l. absolute |
Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 68990-15-8 |
Pubchem (sid): | 135316927 |
Other Information:
Export Tariff Code: | 3301.90.5000 |
MedlinePlusSupp: | View |
Wikipedia: | View |
Potential Blenders and core components note
|
For Odor |
No odor group found for these |
4- | hydroxymethyl-pyridine | |
2- | methyl-3-pentyl pyrazine | |
acidic |
| cyclohexyl acetic acid | FL/FR |
amber |
| angelica root oil | FL/FR |
balsamic |
2- | acetyl furan | FL/FR |
| frankincense absolute | FL/FR |
black | poplar bud oleoresin | FL/FR |
| tolu balsam oil | FL/FR |
brown |
sec- | heptyl acetate | FL/FR |
buttery |
| acetoin | FL/FR |
| acetyl propionyl | FL/FR |
3,4- | hexane dione | FL/FR |
camphoreous |
| verbenone | FL/FR |
2-oxo | butyric acid | FL/FR |
| caramel furanone solution | FL/FR |
| caramel pentadione | FL/FR |
| cyclotene | FL/FR |
| cyclotene hydrate | FL/FR |
alpha,alpha- | dimethyl anisyl acetone | FL/FR |
| ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cyclopentenolone | FL/FR |
| ethyl maltol | FL/FR |
5- | ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one | FL/FR |
| fenugreek concrete | FR |
| fenugreek oleoresin | FL/FR |
| fenugreek seed oil | FL/FR |
| geranyl crotonate | FR |
cis-2- | hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one | |
| immortelle absolute | FL/FR |
| levulinic acid | FL/FR |
| maltol | FL/FR |
| maltyl propionate | FL/FR |
| maple furanone | FL/FR |
| menthone lactone | FL/FR |
| mesitene lactone | FR |
2- | methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one | |
5- | methyl furfural | FL/FR |
| rosefuran | FL/FR |
| shoyu furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone acetate | FL/FR |
| toffee furanone | FL/FR |
| trigonella foenum-graecum essence | FL/FR |
| trigonella foenum-graecum extract | FL/FR |
| trigonella foenum-graecum tincture | FL/FR |
chocolate |
| cocoa hexenal | FL/FR |
2,5- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2,6- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
citrus |
| lime oil expressed florida | FL/FR |
| ocimene quintoxide | FL/FR |
coconut |
gamma- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
delta- | nonalactone | FL/FR |
coumarinic |
| coumane | FL/FR |
| phthalide | FL/FR |
| tonka bean resinoid | FR |
| tonka furanone | FL/FR |
| tonka ketone | FR |
| tonkavert | FR |
creamy |
gamma- | butyrolactone | FL/FR |
ethereal |
| ethyl 4-pentenoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl pyruvate | FL/FR |
iso | valeraldehyde propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
fermented |
| ethyl (E)-2-crotonate | FL/FR |
floral |
para- | anisyl nitrile | FR |
| hexahydrofarnesyl acetone | FL/FR |
iso | jasmone | FL/FR |
(Z)- | jasmone | FL/FR |
para- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
2- | pentadecanone | FL/FR |
fruity |
| cherry propanol | FL/FR |
(E)- | ethyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate | FL/FR |
| tolualdehydes (mixed o,m,p) | FL/FR |
garlic |
| fenugreek seed | |
green |
iso | amyl 3-(2-furan) propionate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl benzyl carbinol | FL/FR |
1- | heptanol | FL/FR |
(E,Z)-2,6- | nonadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E,Z)-2,6- | nonadien-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
herbal |
| apium graveolens seed oil india | FL/FR |
| butyl levulinate | FL/FR |
3- | butyl phthalide | FL/FR |
3- | butylidene phthalide | FL/FR |
| celery ketone | FL/FR |
| celery leaf oil | FL/FR |
| celery seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| celery undecene | FR |
| immortelle flower oil | FL/FR |
| levisticum officinale herb oil | FL/FR |
| levisticum officinale root absolute | FL/FR |
| lovage tincture | FL/FR |
3- | propylidene phthalide | FL/FR |
| trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract | FL/FR |
minty |
| ethyl salicylate | FL/FR |
moldy |
| strawberry furanone methyl ether | FL/FR |
musty |
2- | acetyl pyrrole | FL/FR |
3- | acetyl-2,5-dimethyl furan | FL/FR |
| menthofuran | FL/FR |
nutty |
2- | acetyl-3,5(or 6)-dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-5-methyl furan | FL/FR |
3,5- | cocoa pyrazine | FL/FR |
1,2- | cyclohexane dione | FL/FR |
2,3- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2,6- | lutidine | FL/FR |
| nutty cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
oily |
| glyceryl tripropanoate | |
phenolic |
4- | methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
| fenugreek resinoid | FL/FR |
| trigonella foenum-graecum seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
spicy |
| bay leaf oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| benzyl isoeugenol | FL/FR |
iso | butyl angelate | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl acetate | FL/FR |
(E)- | cinnamyl acetate | FL/FR |
| cymbopogon citratus leaf extract oxidized | FR |
| levisticum officinale leaf extract | FL/FR |
| levisticum officinale leaf oil | FL/FR |
| levisticum officinale root oil | FL/FR |
| levisticum officinale root oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| mace oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| myrcene | FR |
| nutmeg absolute | FL/FR |
| nutmeg oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| spicy acetoacetate | FL/FR |
(E)- | tiglic acid | FL/FR |
sweet |
2- | hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one | FL/FR |
| vanilla oleoresin bali | FL/FR |
tobacco |
(E,E/E,Z)- | tobacco cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
tonka |
6- | amyl-alpha-pyrone | FL/FR |
| coumarin | FR |
| deertongue absolute | FR |
| deertongue concrete | FR |
| deertongue oleoresin | FR |
| dihydrocoumarin replacer | FR |
| flouve absolute | FR |
gamma- | hexalactone | FL/FR |
| melilot absolute | FR |
7- | methyl coumarin | CS |
| mint lactone | FL/FR |
| octahydrocoumarin | FL/FR |
| tonka bean absolute | FR |
| tonka undecanone | FR |
| whiskey lactone | FL/FR |
vanilla |
| ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| vanillyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
vegetable |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol | FL/FR |
woody |
| amber dodecane | FR |
| juniper berry oleoresin | FL/FR |
| woody octene | FR |
|
For Flavor |
|
No flavor group found for these |
2- | acetyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine | FL |
| allyl 2-furoate | FL |
| benzyl disulfide | FL |
3- | butyl phthalide | FL/FR |
(E)- | cinnamyl acetate | FL/FR |
| coumane | FL/FR |
1,2- | cyclohexane dione | FL/FR |
2,5- | diethyl tetrahydrofuran | FL |
(S)- | dihydroactinidiolide | FL |
alpha,alpha- | dimethyl anisyl acetone | FL/FR |
| ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 4-pentenoate | FL/FR |
5- | ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one | FL/FR |
| fig leaf absolute | FL |
| furfuryl acetone | FL |
2- | hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one | FL/FR |
cis-2- | hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one | |
| melilot oleoresin | FL |
| menthone lactone | FL/FR |
2- | methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one | |
black | poplar bud oleoresin | FL/FR |
| rosefuran | FL/FR |
| tonka furanone | FL/FR |
(R)- | tonka furanone | FL |
| verbenone | FL/FR |
|
iso | amyl 3-(2-furan) propionate | FL/FR |
acidic |
| levulinic acid | FL/FR |
alliaceous |
| cyclopentyl mercaptan | FL |
amber |
iso | butyl benzyl carbinol | FL/FR |
apple |
(E,Z)-2,6- | nonadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
balsamic |
| tolu balsam oil | FL/FR |
bready |
| mango furanone | FL |
| trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract | FL/FR |
brown |
2-oxo | butyric acid | FL/FR |
| fenugreek oleoresin | FL/FR |
5- | methyl furfural | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate | FL/FR |
(E)- | tiglic acid | FL/FR |
burnt |
| furfuryl alcohol | FL |
buttery |
| diacetyl | FL |
3,4- | hexane dione | FL/FR |
caramellic |
| caramel dione | FL |
| caramel furanone | FL |
| caramel furanone solution | FL/FR |
| caramel pentadione | FL/FR |
| cyclotene | FL/FR |
| cyclotene hydrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl maltol | FL/FR |
5- | ethyl-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl cyclohexen-2-one | FL |
| fenugreek distillates | FL |
roasted | fenugreek flavor | FL |
| fenugreek resinoid | FL/FR |
| fenugreek seed oil | FL/FR |
| maltol | FL/FR |
| maltyl propionate | FL/FR |
| maple furanone | FL/FR |
3- | methyl butyl 2-furyl butyrate | FL |
| shoyu furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone acetate | FL/FR |
| toffee furanone | FL/FR |
| trigonella foenum-graecum essence | FL/FR |
| trigonella foenum-graecum extract | FL/FR |
| trigonella foenum-graecum tincture | FL/FR |
celery |
3- | butylidene phthalide | FL/FR |
citrus |
| lime oil expressed florida | FL/FR |
cocoa |
| cocoa hexenal | FL/FR |
coconut |
| octahydrocoumarin | FL/FR |
coffee |
2-iso | propyl pyrazine | FL |
2- | thiophene thiol | FL |
coumarinic |
| phthalide | FL/FR |
creamy |
| acetoin | FL/FR |
6- | amyl-alpha-pyrone | FL/FR |
| dihydrocoumarin | FL |
gamma- | hexalactone | FL/FR |
para- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
| mint lactone | FL/FR |
delta- | nonalactone | FL/FR |
dairy |
| creme brulle coffee flavor | FL |
fatty |
sec- | heptyl acetate | FL/FR |
2- | pentadecanone | FL/FR |
2,4- | undecadienal | FL |
(E,E)-2,4- | undecadienal | FL |
fruity |
| cherry propanol | FL/FR |
(E)- | ethyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| furfuryl valerate | FL |
2- | pentanoyl furan | FL |
| tolualdehydes (mixed o,m,p) | FL/FR |
iso | valeraldehyde propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
garlic |
| fenugreek seed | |
green |
| angelica root oil | FL/FR |
iso | butyl angelate | FL/FR |
| celery ketone | FL/FR |
| dihydroxyacetophenone (mixed isomers) | FL |
| hexahydrofarnesyl acetone | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | hexenal diethyl acetal | FL |
| immortelle absolute | FL/FR |
iso | jasmone | FL/FR |
(E,Z)-2,6- | nonadien-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
| ocimene quintoxide | FL/FR |
3- | propylidene phthalide | FL/FR |
hazelnut |
4- | hydroxymethyl-pyridine | |
herbal |
| apium graveolens seed oil india | FL/FR |
| butyl levulinate | FL/FR |
| celery leaf oil | FL/FR |
| celery seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| celery seed oleoresin | FL |
5- | hydroxymethyl furfural | FL |
| immortelle flower oil | FL/FR |
| lovage tincture | FL/FR |
jammy |
| ethyl cyclopentenolone | FL/FR |
lactonic |
gamma- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
meaty |
2,6- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methyl 3-(methyl thio) furan | FL |
medicinal |
| frankincense absolute | FL/FR |
milky |
gamma- | butyrolactone | FL/FR |
minty |
| ethyl salicylate | FL/FR |
moldy |
| strawberry furanone methyl ether | FL/FR |
musty |
2,5- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | ethoxythiazole | FL |
| ethyl (E)-2-crotonate | FL/FR |
| menthofuran | FL/FR |
nutty |
2- | acetyl furan | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl pyrrole | FL/FR |
3- | acetyl-2,5-dimethyl furan | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-3,5(or 6)-dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-5-methyl furan | FL/FR |
| arachis hypogaea fruit extract | FL |
3,5- | cocoa pyrazine | FL/FR |
2,3- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| furfural acetone | FL |
2,6- | lutidine | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-3-pentyl pyrazine | |
| nutty cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
| peanut oxazole | FL |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol | FL/FR |
(E,E/E,Z)- | tobacco cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
oily |
| glyceryl tripropanoate | |
phenolic |
4- | methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
powdery |
| powdery ketone | FL |
roasted |
| ethyl 3-(furfuryl thio) propionate | FL |
| trigonella foenum-graecum seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
rummy |
| ethyl pyruvate | FL/FR |
solvent |
1- | heptanol | FL/FR |
spicy |
| bay leaf oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| benzyl isoeugenol | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl acetate | FL/FR |
| galangal root oleoresin | FL |
| levisticum officinale herb oil | FL/FR |
| levisticum officinale leaf extract | FL/FR |
| levisticum officinale leaf oil | FL/FR |
| levisticum officinale oleoresin | FL |
| levisticum officinale root absolute | FL/FR |
| levisticum officinale root oil | FL/FR |
| levisticum officinale root oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| mace oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| nutmeg absolute | FL/FR |
| nutmeg oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| spicy acetoacetate | FL/FR |
sweet |
| cyclohexyl acetic acid | FL/FR |
| vanilla oleoresin bali | FL/FR |
toasted |
| acetyl propionyl | FL/FR |
vanilla |
| ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| vanillyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
waxy |
| furfuryl octanoate | FL |
woody |
(Z)- | jasmone | FL/FR |
| juniper berry oleoresin | FL/FR |
| whiskey lactone | FL/FR |
|
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| fenugreek abs MPG | | fenugreek absol | | fenugreek absolute 100 | | fenugreek absolute 30% TEC | | fenugreek absolute 88% TEC | | fenugreek absolute, colorless (for fragrance) (Robertet) | | fenugreek india | | fenugreek roasted absolute india | | fenugreek turkish | | trigonella foenum graecum absolute | | trigonella foenum-graecum absolute |
Articles:
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