Category: cosmetic, flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | yellow to brown clear liquid (est) |
Assay: | 97.00 to 100.00 %
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Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 1.13800 to 1.14800 @ 25.00 °C.
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Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 9.469 to 9.553
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Refractive Index: | 1.43500 to 1.44500 @ 20.00 °C.
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Melting Point: | 30.00 to 33.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Boiling Point: | 245.00 to 246.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Vapor Pressure: | 0.011000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Flash Point: | 280.00 °F. TCC ( 137.78 °C. )
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logP (o/w): | -0.490 |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | oils | | water, 6.746e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Insoluble in: |
| paraffin oil |
Organoleptic Properties:
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Odor Type: caramellic |
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Odor Strength: | medium |
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Substantivity: | 400 hour(s) at 20.00 % |
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| sweet caramellic acidic buttery |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | sweet caramel acidic acetoin buttery Luebke, William tgsc, (1982) |
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| sweet guaiacol creamy acidic vanilla |
Odor Description:
| Sweet, guaiacol-like, creamy, acidic and slight vanillin-like Mosciano, Gerard P&F 14, No. 6, 47, (1989) |
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Flavor Type: acidic |
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| acidic sweet creamy dairy |
Taste Description: at 70.00 ppm. | Acidic, sweet, creamy and slight dairy Mosciano, Gerard P&F 14, No. 6, 47, (1989) |
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Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Achiewell |
For experimental / research use only. |
Levulinic Acid
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Advanced Biotech |
LEVULINIC ACID NATURAL
99% min. Odor: Whiskey |
Augustus Oils |
Levulinic Acid
|
Services |
Aurochemicals |
LEVULINIC ACID, Natural
|
Beijing Lys Chemicals |
Levulinic acid
|
BOC Sciences |
For experimental / research use only. |
Pentanoic acid, 4-oxo-
|
Charkit Chemical |
LEVULINIC ACID
|
CJ Latta & Associates |
LEVULINIC ACID
|
De Monchy Aromatics |
Levulinic Acid
|
EMD Millipore |
For experimental / research use only. |
Levulinic Acid
|
Fleurchem |
levulinic acid natural
|
Frutarom |
LEVULINIC ACID
KOSHER Flavor: Sweet, Caramellic, Acidic, Creamy |
Grau Aromatics |
LEVULINIC ACID
|
IFF |
LEVULINIC ACID
KOSHER Flavor: Sweet, Caramellic, Acidic, Creamy |
Indukern F&F |
LEVULINIC ACID
Odor: SMOKY, CARAMEL |
Inoue Perfumery |
LEVULINIC ACID
|
Lluch Essence |
LEVULINIC ACID NATURAL
|
Lluch Essence |
LEVULINIC ACID
Odor: ACIDIC, BURNT, SWEATY |
M&U International |
LEVULINIC ACID, Kosher
|
M&U International |
Nat. Levulinic Acid
|
Nagar Haveli Perfumes & Aromatics |
Levulinic Acid 98.0% (MIN)
Natural Odor: sweet caramel acidic acetoin buttery |
O'Laughlin Industries |
LEVULINIC ACID
|
Penta International |
LEVULINIC ACID FCC
|
Penta International |
LEVULINIC ACID NATURAL
|
Penta International |
LEVULINIC ACID PHARMACEUTICAL GRADE
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Penta International |
LEVULINIC ACID
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Sigma-Aldrich |
Levulinic acid, ≥97%, FG
Odor: wine-like |
Certified Food Grade Products |
Sigma-Aldrich |
Levulinic acid, natural, 99%, FG
Odor: caramel |
SRS Aromatics |
LEVULINIC ACID
|
Synerzine |
Levulinic Acid
|
TCI AMERICA |
For experimental / research use only. |
Levulinic Acid >97.0%(GC)(T)
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United International |
Levulinic Acid
|
Vigon International |
Levulinic Acid
Odor: MILD CARAMELLIC ODOR-ALMOST ODORLESS |
WholeChem |
Levulinic acid
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Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View |
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | Xn - Harmful. |
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 1850 mg/kg (Moreno, 1977j)
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 450 mg/kg National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD607-952
oral-rat LD50 1850 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 847, 1979.
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Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 847, 1979.
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | cosmetic, flavor and fragrance agents |
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
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Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 190.00 (μg/capita/day) |
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 53.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 14.00000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | - |
condiments / relishes: | - | - |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | 14.00000 |
fruit ices: | - | 14.00000 |
gelatins / puddings: | - | 4.00000 |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | - | 53.00000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | - |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA): | Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to - Flavouring Group Evaluation 10: Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 2 (FGE.10Rev2): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 View page or View pdf |
EPI System: | View |
AIDS Citations: | Search |
Cancer Citations: | Search |
Toxicology Citations: | Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 123-76-2 |
EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 11579 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
WGK Germany: | 3 |
| 4-oxopentanoic acid |
Chemidplus: | 0000123762 |
RTECS: | OI1575000 for cas# 123-76-2 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| acetopropionic acid | 3- | acetyl propionic acid | beta- | acetyl propionic acid | 3- | acetyl propionsaeure | 3- | acetylpropionic acid | b- | acetylpropionic acid | 3- | acetylpropionsaeure | | acidum laevulinicum | | antithermin | 3-keto | butane-1-carboxylic acid | | laevulic acid | | laevulinic acid | | levulic acid | | levulinic acid natural | 4-keto | pentanoic acid | 4-oxo | pentanoic acid | gamma-oxo | pentanoic acid | | pentanoic acid, 4-oxo- | | propionic acid, 3-acetyl- | 4-keto | valeric acid | 4-oxo | valeric acid | g-keto | valeric acid | gamma-keto | valeric acid | | valeric acid, 4-oxo- |
Articles:
PubMed: | Sunflower-based biorefinery: Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) production from crude glycerol, sunflower meal and levulinic acid. |
PubMed: | Efficacy of wash solutions in recovering Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Toxoplasma gondii from basil. |
PubMed: | Tolerance of the nanocellulose-producing bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus to lignocellulose-derived acids and aldehydes. |
PubMed: | Wheat bran biorefinery: an investigation on the starch derived glucose extraction accompanied by pre- and post-treatment steps. |
PubMed: | Immersion in antimicrobial solutions reduces Salmonella enterica and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli on beef cheek meat. |
PubMed: | Reductions of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium on beef trim by lactic acid, levulinic acid, and sodium dodecyl sulfate treatments. |
PubMed: | Transfer of foodborne pathogens during mechanical slicing and their inactivation by levulinic acid-based sanitizer on slicers. |
PubMed: | Efficacy of a Levulinic Acid Plus Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)-Based Sanitizer on Inactivation of Influenza A Virus on Eggshells. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of levulinic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate as a sanitizer for use in processing Georgia-grown cantaloupes. |
PubMed: | Additive approach for inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella spp. on contaminated fresh fruits and vegetables using bacteriophage cocktail and produce wash. |
PubMed: | Efficacy of sanitizers in reducing Salmonella on pecan nutmeats during cracking and shelling. |
PubMed: | Effects of buffered vinegar and sodium dodecyl sulfate plus levulinic acid on Salmonella Typhimurium survival, shelf-life, and sensory characteristics of ground beef patties. |
PubMed: | Feasibility of anaerobic digestion from bioethanol fermentation residue. |
PubMed: | Reactivity of thermally treated α-dicarbonyl compounds. |
PubMed: | Sanitizer efficacy against murine norovirus, a surrogate for human norovirus, on stainless steel surfaces when using three application methods. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of sanitizers for inactivating Salmonella on in-shell pecans and pecan nutmeats. |
PubMed: | Efficacy of a levulinic acid plus sodium dodecyl sulfate-based sanitizer on inactivation of human norovirus surrogates. |
PubMed: | Inactivation of salmonella on tomato stem scars by edible chitosan and organic Acid coatings. |
PubMed: | Inactivation of salmonella in biofilms and on chicken cages and preharvest poultry by levulinic Acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. |
PubMed: | Effect of pretreatment severity on the conversion of barley straw to fermentable substrates and the release of inhibitory compounds. |
PubMed: | Acids in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate caused quality deterioration of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce during storage in modified atmosphere package. |
PubMed: | Organic acids associated with saccharification of cellulosic wastes during solid-state fermentation. |
PubMed: | Efficacy of washing meat surfaces with 2% levulinic, acetic, or lactic acid for pathogen decontamination and residual growth inhibition. |
PubMed: | Efficacy of levulinic acid-sodium dodecyl sulfate against Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Cryptosporidium parvum. |
PubMed: | Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium DT 104 on alfalfa seeds by levulinic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. |
PubMed: | Thermal degradation characteristics and antioxidant activity of fructose solution with heating temperature and time. |
PubMed: | Hydrolysis behavior of bamboo fiber in formic acid reaction system. |
PubMed: | Sucrose: A prospering and sustainable organic raw material. |
PubMed: | Inactivation of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on lettuce and poultry skin by combinations of levulinic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. |
PubMed: | Control of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meats containing sodium levulinate, sodium lactate, or a combination of sodium lactate and sodium diacetate. |
PubMed: | Ester hydroxy derivatives of methyl oleate: tribological, oxidation and low temperature properties. |
PubMed: | Interference by methyl levulinate in determination of total fat in low-fat, high-sugar products by gas chromatographic fatty acid methyl ester (GC-FAME) analysis. |
PubMed: | Marginal zinc deficiency and changes in behavioral salt taste threshold and salt preference in mice. |
PubMed: | [Turnover of microsomal hemeproteins in the guinea pig liver during food sensitization]. |
PubMed: | [Influence of theophylline on hexachlorobenzene induced porphyria (author's transl)]. |
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