Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
Assay: | 96.00 to 100.00 %
|
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | Yes |
Specific Gravity: | 0.83800 to 0.84300 @ 25.00 °C.
|
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 6.973 to 7.015
|
Specific Gravity: | 0.83700 to 0.84500 @ 25.00 °C.
|
Pounds per Gallon - est.: | 6.965 to 7.031
|
Refractive Index: | 1.47100 to 1.47700 @ 20.00 °C.
|
Optical Rotation: | +87.00 to +102.00
|
Melting Point: | -96.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
Boiling Point: | 175.00 to 177.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Acid Value: | 5.00 max. KOH/g
|
Vapor Pressure: | 0.198000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. |
Vapor Density: | 4.7 ( Air = 1 ) |
Flash Point: | 117.00 °F. TCC ( 47.22 °C. )
|
logP (o/w): | 4.570 |
Shelf Life: | 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. store under nitrogen. |
Storage: | store under nitrogen. |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | fixed oils | | kerosene | | paraffin oil | | water, 13.8 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
Insoluble in: |
| water | | propylene glycol |
Organoleptic Properties:
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Odor Type: citrus |
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Odor Strength: | medium |
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Substantivity: | 4 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
|
| citrus orange fresh sweet |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | citrus orange fresh sweet Luebke, William tgsc, (1988) |
|
| sweet citrus peely |
Odor Description:
| Sweet, citrus and peely Mosciano, Gerard P&F 19, No. 3, 51, (1994) |
|
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Flavor Type: citrus |
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| sweet orange citrus terpenic |
Taste Description: at 30.00 ppm. | Sweet, orange, citrus and terpy Mosciano, Gerard P&F 19, No. 3, 51, (1994) |
|
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
|
Symrise |
Limonene D pure |
Odor Description: | citric, lively, nuances of tangerine, celery and lemon oil |
Taste Description: | citrus, fruity, orange, berry flavor, tar-like Useful in: mint, savory vegetable, savory spices, fruity citrus, fruity red, fruity yellow, fruity tropical, sweet others. |
|
PerfumersWorld |
D-Limonene |
Odor Description: | harsh terpene citrusy fruity orange berry tarty Fresh light and sweet citrusy odor with strong resemblance to Orange peel oil Blends-well-with - Citrus-notes Gums |
|
Prodasynth |
DISTILLED ORANGE (LIMONENE > 93%) |
Odor Description: | ORANGE, FRESH, SWEET, CITRIC |
|
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Achiewell |
For experimental / research use only. |
d-Limonene
|
Alfa Biotechnology |
For experimental / research use only. |
(+)-Dipentene 98%
|
Aroma Aromatics & Flavours |
D-Limonene
|
Artiste |
D’Limonene Natural
|
Astral Extracts |
D-Limonene
|
Augustus Oils |
D Limonene (La)
|
Services |
Augustus Oils |
D Limonene Redistilled
|
Augustus Oils |
D Limonene
|
Aurochemicals |
D-LIMONENE, Natural
|
Berjé |
D’Limonene Redistilled
|
Media |
Berjé |
D’Limonene
|
Charkit Chemical |
D-LIMONENE
|
Citrus and Allied Essences |
D'Limonene (high purity, low odor)
|
Market Report |
Citrus and Allied Essences |
D'Limonene
|
Creatingperfume.com |
Limonen Dextro Re distilled 50%
|
Diffusions Aromatiques |
D LIMONENE RECTIFIE
|
Diffusions Aromatiques |
D LIMONENE
|
ECSA Chemicals |
D-LIMONENE
|
ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY |
Elixens America |
D-Limonene (Orange Distilled) Brazil
100% Pure and Natural |
Ernesto Ventós |
LIMONENE-D NATURAL
Odor: ORANGE, FRESH, SWEET, CITRIC |
Ernesto Ventós |
LIMONENE-D RECTIFIED NATURAL
Odor: CITRUS, SMOOTH |
Excellentia International |
d-Limonene
|
Excellentia International |
Limonene; D-
|
ExtraSynthese |
For experimental / research use only. |
R-(+)-Limonene (GC) ≥99% (sum of enantiomers)
|
EZClean |
Orange D'Limonene Food Grade 1
|
EZClean |
Orange D'Limonene Food Grade 5
|
EZClean |
Orange D'limonene Food Grade 55
|
EZClean |
Orange D'Limonene High Purity 1
|
EZClean |
Orange D'limonene High Purity 5
|
EZClean |
Orange D'limonene High Purity 55
|
EZClean |
Orange D'Limonene Technical Grade
|
Fleurchem |
dextro-limonene natural
|
Fleurchem |
dextro-limonene
|
Florida Chemical |
d-Limonene
Technical Grade, Food Grade, Lemon-Lime Grade, Ultra High Purity Food Grade (low odor) |
Florida Worldwide Citrus Products |
Food Grade D-limonene - Brazil
|
Florida Worldwide Citrus Products |
Technical Grade d-Limonene - Florida
|
Fuzhou Farwell |
D-Limonene
|
Gem Aromatics |
D Limonene
|
George Uhe Company |
D'Limonene
Available in FCC and from Various Origins |
Global Essence |
d-Limonene (97% Distilled Limonene)
|
Global Essence |
d-Limonene High Purity Stabilized/Protected
|
Graham Chemical |
D-Limonene
|
Indenta Group |
D-Limonene
|
Indukern F&F |
D-LIMONENE EX-LEMON NATURAL
|
Indukern F&F |
D-LIMONENE RECTIFIED NATURAL
Odor: CITRUS, SWEET, ORANGE |
Indukern F&F |
D-LIMONENE
|
Jiangyin Healthway |
D-limonene
|
New functional food ingredients |
John Kellys (London) |
Limonene D
|
K.L. Koh Enterprise |
D-LIMONENE
|
Krunal Group |
D Limonene
|
Lluch Essence |
D-LIMONENE RECTIFIED 98%
|
Mentha & Allied Products |
D-Limonene Food Grade
|
Minerva Flavours and Fragrances |
Limonene Dextro
|
Moellhausen |
limonene R+ SP natural
Odor: citric, terpenic, orange note. |
Moellhausen |
limonene R+ ST
Odor: citric, terpenic, orange note. |
Nectar Lifesciences |
Dextro-limonene
|
Nippon Terpene Chemicals |
d-Limonene 93% up
|
OQEMA |
d-Limonene
|
Penta International |
D-LIMONENE HIGH PURITY LOW ODOR
|
Penta International |
D-LIMONENE NATURAL
|
Penta International |
D-LIMONENE
|
PerfumersWorld |
D-Limonene
Odor: harsh terpene citrusy fruity orange berry tarty Fresh light and sweet citrusy odor with strong resemblance to Orange peel oil Use: Blends-well-with - Citrus-notes Gums |
Perfumery Laboratory |
D-limonene / orange terpene (D-LIMONENE)
Odor: orange peel |
Phoenix Aromas & Essential Oils |
Limonene, D-
|
Prodasynth |
D-LIMONENE
(> 98%) Odor: CITRUS, SMOOTH |
Prodasynth |
DISTILLED ORANGE
(LIMONENE > 93%) Odor: ORANGE, FRESH, SWEET, CITRIC |
Prodasynth |
ORANGE TERPENES
(D-LIMONENE > 95%) Odor: ORANGE, FRESH, SWEET |
R C Treatt & Co Ltd |
D-Limonene Natural
|
Reincke & Fichtner |
D-Limonene natural
|
Reincke & Fichtner |
D=Limonene
|
Sigma-Aldrich |
(R)-(+)-Limonene, ≥93%
Odor: lemon; orange; citrus; sweet |
Certified Food Grade Products |
SRS Aromatics |
D-LIMONENE
|
Symrise |
Limonene D
Odor: Citrus, Agrume, Orange |
Synerzine |
DEXTRO-LIMONENE, NATURAL
|
Taytonn ASCC |
D-Limonene
|
TCI AMERICA |
For experimental / research use only. |
(+)-Limonene >99.0%(GC)
|
The John D. Walsh Company |
D’Limonene
|
The Lermond Company |
D'LIMONENE, P & F
|
The Perfumers Apprentice |
Limonene D
Odor: citrus orange fresh sweet Use: Used in citrus fragrances to give lift and freshness. Combines very well with any other citrus notes. |
Vigon International |
Limonene Dextro Redistilled (99%)
|
Vistachem |
Dipentene
|
Wedor Corporation |
D'LIMONENE
|
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View |
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | Xi N - Irritant, Dangerous for the environment. |
R 10 - Flammable. R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes. R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact. R 50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R 65 - Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.
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|
Hazards identification |
|
Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
Flammable liquids (Category 3), H226 Aspiration hazard (Category 1), H304 Skin irritation (Category 2), H315 Skin sensitisation (Category 1), H317 Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H400 Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H410
|
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
|
Pictogram | |
|
Signal word | Danger |
Hazard statement(s) |
H226 - Flammable liquid and vapour H304 - May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways H315 - Causes skin irritation H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction H400 - Very toxic to aquatic life H410 - Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
|
Precautionary statement(s) |
P210 - Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P233 - Keep container tightly closed. P240 - Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. P241 - Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/…/equipment. P242 - Use only non-sparking tools. P243 - Take precautionary measures against static discharge. P261 - Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P272 - Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. P273 - Avoid release to the environment. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P301 + P310 - IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P303 + P361 + P353 - IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. P331 - Do NOT induce vomiting. P333 + P313 - IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P362 - Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. P370 + P378 - In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam for extinction. P391 - Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment P403 + P235 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P405 - Store locked up. P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.
|
Human Experience: |
4 % solution: no irritation or sensitization. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 [sex: M] > 5000 mg/kg Identity of compound not stated as other than code number (Moreno, 1972m)
oral-rat LD50 [sex: M,F] M:4400 F:5100 mg/kg Study is on dogs, rats not mentioned in English text. Study in Japanese (Tsuji et al., 1975a)
oral-mouse LD50 [sex: M,F] M:5600 F:6600 mg/kg Study is on dogs, mice not mentioned in English text. Study in Japanese (Tsuji et al., 1975a)
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 600 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 8, Pg. 1439, 1974.
oral-mouse LD50 5600 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER
BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 9, Pg. 387, 1975.
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 3600 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY)
SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 9, Pg. 387, 1975.
intravenous-rat LD50 110 mg/kg SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 9, Pg. 387, 1975.
oral-rat LD50 4400 mg/kg SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 9, Pg. 387, 1975.
|
Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 13, Pg. 825, 1975.
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 3170 mg/kg PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE Sapporo Igaku Zasshi. Sapporo Medical Journal. Vol. 3, Pg. 73, 1952.
skin-mammal (species unspecified) LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 703, 1974.
subcutaneous-rat LDLo 30200 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT
SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 9, Pg. 387, 1975.
|
Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
IFRA Critical Effect: | Dermal sensitization |
IFRA Other Specification: | < 20 mmoles / L of peroxides |
IFRA fragrance material specification: | | d-, l-and dl-Limonene and natural products containing substantial amounts of it, should only be used when the level of peroxides is kept to the lowest practical level, for instance by adding antioxidants at the time of production. Such products should have a peroxide value of less than 20 millimoles peroxides per liter, determined according to the FMA method, which can be downloaded from the IFRA website (see Analytical Methods). |
IFRA: | View Standard |
Recommendation for dextro-limonene usage levels up to: | | 20.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
|
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 34000.00 (μg/capita/day) |
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 12726.00 (μg/capita/day) |
Threshold of Concern: | 1800 (μg/person/day) |
Structure Class: | I |
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 120.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 31.00000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | 2300.00000 |
condiments / relishes: | - | - |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | 68.00000 |
fruit ices: | - | 68.00000 |
gelatins / puddings: | 48.00000 | 400.00000 |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | - | 49.00000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | - |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
Flavor & Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) reference(s): |
The FEMA GRAS assessment of aliphatic and aromatic terpene hydrocarbons used as flavour ingredients. View pdf |
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA): | Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, (FGE.25)[1] - Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 78 (FGE.78)[1] - Consideration of Aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives,Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25Rev1: Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31 View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 1 (FGE.78Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25Rev2 View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2 (FGE.25Rev2): Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31 View page or View pdf |
Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effect on the environment: mode of action and assessment of efficacy View page or View pdf |
Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance terpenoid blend QRD-460 View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (chemical group 31) when used as flavourings for all animal species View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 2 (FGE.78Rev2): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25Rev3 View page or View pdf |
Outcome of the consultation with Member States, the applicant and EFSA on the pesticide risk assessment for orange oil in light of confirmatory data View page or View pdf |
EPI System: | View |
EPA-Iris: | IRIS |
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards: | search |
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
AIDS Citations: | Search |
Cancer Citations: | Search |
Toxicology Citations: | Search |
Carcinogenic Potency Database: | Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 5989-27-5 |
EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 22311 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
SCCNFP: | opinion |
WISER: | UN 2319 |
WGK Germany: | 2 |
| 1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene |
Chemidplus: | 0005989275 |
EPA/NOAA CAMEO: | hazardous materials |
RTECS: | 5989-27-5 |
| (4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene |
Chemidplus: | 0058555741 |
References:
Other Information:
(IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
(IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
CHEBI: | View |
CHEMBL: | View |
Golm Metabolome Database: | Search |
UM BBD: | Search |
KEGG (GenomeNet): | C06078 |
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB04321 |
FooDB: | FDB014297 |
Export Tariff Code: | 2902.19.0050 |
Typical G.C. |
VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
ChemSpider: | View |
Formulations/Preparations: •equine leg paint contains 1.0% wtvol turpentine: a medium strength solution for use when counterirritant-stimulant action falling between stimulating liniment and blistering ointment is desired.
•typical composition from usa southern pine: from 1) gum - 60 to 65% alpha-pinene, 25-35% beta-pinene, and 5-8% other terpenes; 2) wood- 75 to 80% alpha-pinene, 0-2% beta-pinene, 4-8% camphene, and 15-20% other terpenes; 3) sulfate- 60 to 70% alpha-pinene, 20-25% beta-pinene, and 6-12% other terpenes.
•turpentine includes mainly c10-terpenes, especially alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, and is typical of the volatile oil portions of various oleoresins.
|
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| carvene | D- | citrene | (+)- | limonene | (+)-(4R)- | limonene | (+)-alpha- | limonene | (+)-R- | limonene | (4R)-(+)- | limonene | (R)-(+)- | limonene | citrus D- | limonene | D- | limonene | D' | limonene | D’ | limonene | D' | limonene (high purity, low odor) | D- | limonene citreatt | | limonene D pure | | limonene dextro redistilled | D- | limonene high purity low odor | D- | limonene natural | D’ | limonene natural | dextro- | limonene natural | D- | limonene P&F | | limonene R+ SP natural | | limonene R+ ST | D- | limonene Rectified | dextro- | limonene redistilled | (+)-p- | mentha-1,8-diene | (+)-para- | mentha-1,8-diene | (R)-(+)-para- | mentha-1,8-diene | D-para- | mentha-1,8-diene | dextro-para- | mentha-1,8-diene | (+)-1,8-para- | menthadiene | 1,8 9-p- | menthadiene | 1,8 9-para- | menthadiene | (R)-1- | methyl-4-(1-methyl ethenyl) cyclohexene | (R)-1- | methyl-4-(1-methyl vinyl) cyclohexene | (R)-1- | methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene | (R)-1- | methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene | (R)-1- | methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene | (4R)-1- | methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene | (+)-4-iso | propenyl-1-methyl cyclohexene | 4-iso | propenyl-1-methyl cyclohexene | (+)-4-iso | propenyl-1-methylcyclohexene | 4-iso | propenyl-1-methylcyclohexene |
Articles:
Info: | Limonene |
PubMed: | Stability of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) essential oil in microcapsules made of whey protein isolate, guar gum, and carrageenan. |
PubMed: | Biogas production from citrus waste by membrane bioreactor. |
PubMed: | Performance of semi-continuous membrane bioreactor in biogas production from toxic feedstock containing D-Limonene. |
PubMed: | Preparation and stabilization of D-limonene Pickering emulsions by cellulose nanocrystals. |
PubMed: | Synergistic inhibitory effect of berberine and d-limonene on human gastric carcinoma cell line MGC803. |
PubMed: | Comparison of lipids, fatty acids and volatile compounds of various kumquat species using HS/GC/MS/FID techniques. |
PubMed: | Effect of second cooling on the chemical components of essential oils from orange peel (Citrus sinensis). |
PubMed: | Evaluation of bioactive components and antioxidant and anticancer properties of citrus wastes generated during bioethanol production. |
PubMed: | Chemical characterization of Brickellia cavanillesii (Asteraceae) using gas chromatographic methods. |
PubMed: | Effects of nisin on the antimicrobial activity of d-limonene and its nanoemulsion. |
PubMed: | Healing actions of essential oils from Citrus aurantium and d-limonene in the gastric mucosa: the roles of VEGF, PCNA, and COX-2 in cell proliferation. |
PubMed: | A high-performance recycling solution for polystyrene achieved by the synthesis of renewable poly(thioether) networks derived from D-limonene. |
PubMed: | Entrapment of a volatile lipophilic aroma compound (d-limonene) in spray dried water-washed oil bodies naturally derived from sunflower seeds (Helianthus annus). |
PubMed: | Emulsification properties of a novel hydrocolloid (Angum gum) for d-limonene droplets compared with Arabic gum. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial Potential and Chemical Characterization of Serbian Liverwort (Porella arboris-vitae): SEM and TEM Observations. |
PubMed: | Identification of characteristic flavour precursors from enzymatic hydrolysis-mild thermal oxidation tallow by descriptive sensory analysis and gas chromatography-olfactometry and partial least squares regression. |
PubMed: | Release behavior and stability of encapsulated D-limonene from emulsion-based edible films. |
PubMed: | Lack of effect of feeding citrus by-products in reducing salmonella in experimentally infected weanling pigs. |
PubMed: | Volatile constituents of wild citrus Mangshanyegan (Citrus nobilis Lauriro) peel oil. |
PubMed: | High-oil-load encapsulation of medium-chain triglycerides and D-limonene mixture in modified starch by spray drying. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oil of Illicium pachyphyllum fruits against two grain storage insects. |
PubMed: | Process optimization and stability of D-limonene-in-water nanoemulsions prepared by ultrasonic emulsification using response surface methodology. |
PubMed: | NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of beta-myrcene (CAS No. 123-35-3) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (Gavage studies). |
PubMed: | Optimization of the RNA extraction method for transcriptome studies of Salmonella inoculated on commercial raw chicken breast samples. |
PubMed: | Toxicity of Schizonpeta multifida essential oil and its constituent compounds towards two grain storage insects. |
PubMed: | Adipose tissue accumulation of d-limonene with the consumption of a lemonade preparation rich in d-limonene content. |
PubMed: | Fragrance mix reactions and lime allergic contact dermatitis. |
PubMed: | Effect of feed liquid temperature on the structural morphologies of d-limonene microencapsulated powder and its preservation. |
PubMed: | An attempt towards simultaneous biobased solvent based extraction of proteins and enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic materials from distiller's grains and solubles. |
PubMed: | Ciprofloxacin-sensitive and ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni are equally susceptible to natural orange oil-based antimicrobials. |
PubMed: | Enhanced stabilization of cloudy emulsions with gum Arabic and whey protein isolate. |
PubMed: | Mandarin peel wastes pretreatment with steam explosion for bioethanol production. |
PubMed: | Insulin secretagogue bioactivity of finger citron fruit (Citrus medica L. var. Sarcodactylis Hort, Rutaceae). |
PubMed: | Orange essential oils antimicrobial activities against Salmonella spp. |
PubMed: | Campylobacter and Arcobacter species sensitivity to commercial orange oil fractions. |
PubMed: | Bioequivalence evaluation of two D-limonene capsule formulations in healthy Chinese volunteers. |
PubMed: | Odour of limonene affects feeding behaviour in the blowfly, Phormia regina. |
PubMed: | Influence of different extraction parameters on a solid-phase dynamic extraction for the gas chromatographic determination of d-limonene degradation products by using a fractional factorial design. |
PubMed: | D-Limonene: safety and clinical applications. |
PubMed: | Experiential effects of appetitive and nonappetitive odors on feeding behavior in the blowfly, Phormia regina: a putative role for tyramine in appetite regulation. |
PubMed: | Bioactive compounds of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Cv. Rio Red) respond differently to postharvest irradiation, storage, and freeze drying. |
PubMed: | Study on the transfer of components of Aetheroleum carvi and Aetheroleum foeniculi oils. |
PubMed: | An overview of polylactides as packaging materials. |
PubMed: | Studies of the isoprenoid-mediated inhibition of mevalonate synthesis applied to cancer chemotherapy and chemoprevention. |
PubMed: | Differences in the volatile components and their odor characteristics of green and ripe fruits and dried pericarp of Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum DC.). |
PubMed: | Effect of water activity on the release characteristics and oxidative stability of D-limonene encapsulated by spray drying. |
PubMed: | Effect of d-limonene on three stored-product beetles. |
PubMed: | Composition, quality control, and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of long-time stored dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seeds from Bulgaria. |
PubMed: | Release characteristics of flavor from spray-dried powder in boiling water and during rice cooking. |
PubMed: | Isolation and identification of terpene chlorohydrins found in cold-pressed orange oil. |
PubMed: | Development of a questionnaire and a database for assessing dietary d-limonene intake. |
PubMed: | Effects of pulsed electric field processing and storage on the quality and stability of single-strength orange juice. |
PubMed: | Volatile chemicals identified in extracts from newly hybrid citrus, dekopon (Shiranuhi mandarin Suppl. J.). |
PubMed: | Weight-loss drugs and supplements: are there safer alternatives? |
PubMed: | Food aroma partition between packaging materials and fatty food simulants. |
PubMed: | Permeation of oxygen, water vapor, and limonene through printed and unprinted biaxially oriented polypropylene films. |
PubMed: | Volatile composition of some Brazilian fruits: umbu-caja (Spondias citherea), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), Araça-boi (Eugenia stipitata), and Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum). |
PubMed: | Effect of sorbed oil on food aroma loss through packaging materials. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of potential disinfectants for preslaughter broiler crop decontamination. |
PubMed: | Estimation of toxicity of chemical mixtures through modeling of chemical interactions. |
PubMed: | Effects of dietary anticarcinogens on rat gastrointestinal glutathione S-transferase theta 1-1 levels. |
PubMed: | Effects of dietary anticarcinogens on rat gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase activity. |
PubMed: | Evaluation, modelling and optimization of the cleaning process of contaminated plastic food refillables. |
PubMed: | In vitro inhibition of CYP2B1 monooxygenase by beta-myrcene and other monoterpenoid compounds. |
PubMed: | Toxicity of mixtures of nephrotoxicants with similar or dissimilar mode of action. |
PubMed: | Epigenetic carcinogens: evaluation and risk assessment. |
PubMed: | Pharmacokinetics of active drug metabolites after oral administration of perillyl alcohol, an investigational antineoplastic agent, to the dog. |
PubMed: | Risk assessment of d-limonene: an example of male rat-specific renal tumorigens. |
PubMed: | Effects of D-limonene on hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activity and paracetamol-induced glutathione depletion in mouse. |
PubMed: | Subacute (4-wk) oral toxicity of a combination of four nephrotoxins in rats: comparison with the toxicity of the individual compounds. |
PubMed: | d-Limonene. |
PubMed: | Acute (24 hr) toxicity of a combination of four nephrotoxicants in rats compared with the toxicity of the individual compounds. |
PubMed: | Benzaldehyde, citral, and d-limonene flavor perception in the presence of casein and whey proteins. |
PubMed: | The human relevance of the renal tumor-inducing potential of d-limonene in male rats: implications for risk assessment. |
PubMed: | Assessment of the subchronic oral toxicity of d-limonene in dogs. |
PubMed: | Inhibition of carcinogenesis by minor anutrient constituents of the diet. |
PubMed: | NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of d-Limonene (CAS No. 5989-27-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). |
PubMed: | Acute and subchronic nephrotoxicity of d-limonene in Fischer 344 rats. |
PubMed: | Review of kidney sections from a subchronic d-limonene oral dosing study conducted by the National Cancer Institute. |
PubMed: | Comparison of short-term renal effects due to oral administration of decalin or d-limonene in young adult male Fischer-344 rats. |
PubMed: | Modulation of immune responses in mice by d-limonene. |
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