2-butanol
2-butyl alcohol
 
Notes:
Isol. from fruit of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) and other fruits. Also present in various cheeses, wines, black tea, endive and clary sage. Flavouring agent 2-Butanol, or sec-butanol, is an organic compound with formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3. This secondary alcohol is a flammable, colorless liquid that is soluble in 12 parts water and completely miscible with polar organic solvents such as ethers and other alcohols. It is produced on a large scale, primarily as a precursor to the industrial solvent methyl ethyl ketone. 2-Butanol is chiral and thus can be obtained as either of two stereoisomers designated as (R)-(-)-2-butanol and (S)-(+)-2-butanol. It is normally found as an equal mixture of the two stereoisomers — a racemic mixture. (Wikipedia)
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    • ECSA Chemicals
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      Product(s):
      B0705 2-Butanol >99.0%(GC)
       
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search
CAS Number: 78-92-2Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN): 15892-23-6
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: 201-158-5
FDA UNII: 0TUL3ENK62
Nikkaji Web: J2.832K
Beilstein Number: 0773649
MDL: MFCD00004569
CoE Number: 11735
XlogP3: 0.60 (est)
Molecular Weight: 74.12290000
Formula: C4 H10 O
BioActivity Summary: listing
NMR Predictor: Predict (works with chrome or firefox)
Category: flavor and fragrance agents, extraction solvent
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar: Search
Google Books: Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist: Search
Google Patents: Search
US Patents: Search
EU Patents: Search
Pubchem Patents: Search
PubMed: Search
NCBI: Search
JECFA Food Additive: Butan-2-ol
DG SANTE Food Flavourings: 02.121  butan-2-ol
FDA Mainterm (SATF):78-92-2 ; 2-BUTANOL
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart F--Flavoring Agents and Related Substances
Sec. 172.515 Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants.


FDA PART 176 -- INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: PAPER AND PAPERBOARD COMPONENTS
Subpart B--Substances for Use Only as Components of Paper and Paperboard
Sec. 176.180 Components of paper and paperboard in contact with dry food.
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Physical Properties:
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00 % 
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.80600 to 0.80800 @  20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 6.715 to  6.731
Refractive Index: 1.39600 to 1.39800 @  25.00 °C.
Melting Point: -115.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 99.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 18.300000 mmHg @ 20.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 2.6 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 80.00 °F. TCC ( 26.67 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.610
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 water, 1.81E+05 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor Type: fruity
 
 sweet  apricot  
Odor Description:
at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. 
sweet apricot
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
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Cosmetic Information:
CosIng: cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: perfuming agents
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Suppliers:
CJ Latta & Associates
2-BUTANOL
ECSA Chemicals
BUTAN-2-OL RPE-FOR ANALYSIS-REAG. PH.EUR., M
ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY
EMD Millipore
For experimental / research use only.
2-Butanol
Glentham Life Sciences
2-Butanol
Penta International
2-BUTANOL
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
2-Butanol
Sigma-Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
2-Butanol analytical standard
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
2-Butanol >99.0%(GC)
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Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xn - Harmful.
R 10 - Flammable.
R 36/37 - Irritating to eyes and respiratory system.
R 67 - Vapours may cause frowsiness and dizziness.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 07/09 - Keep container tightly closed and in well-ventilated place.
S 13 - Keep away from food, drink and animal feedingstuffs.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 46 - If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50  2193 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: COMA BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0557575

intravenous-rat LD50  138 mg/kg
EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50  1193 mg/kg
EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985.

oral-rabbit LD50  4893 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA CARDIAC: PULSE RATE SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CORNEAL DAMAGE: EYE
Industrial Medicine and Surgery. Vol. 41, Pg. 31, 1972.

intraperitoneal-rabbit LD50  277 mg/kg
EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985.

intravenous-mouse LD50  764 mg/kg
Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 135, Pg. 330, 1962.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50  771 mg/kg
Shell Chemical Company. Unpublished Report. Vol. -, Pg. 2, 1961.

intraperitoneal-hamster LD50  1218 mg/kg
EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985.

intraperitoneal-guinea pig LD50  1067 mg/kg
EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985.

oral-dog LDLo  2400 mg/kg
National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0572377

parenteral-frog LDLo  15000 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE
Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 50, Pg. 296, 1935.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rat LD50 > 2000 mg/kg
National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0557575

Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-rat LCLo 16000 ppm/4H
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Shell Chemical Company. Vol. MSDS-5280-4

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Safety in Use Information:
Category: flavor and fragrance agents, extraction solvent
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
 
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Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
Flavouring Group Evaluation 7, Revision 1 (FGE.07Rev1): Saturated and unsaturated aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and esters of secondary alcohols and saturated linear or branched-chain carboxylic acids from chemical group 5 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Scientific opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission
View page or View pdf
Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf
Flavouring Group Evaluation 7, Revision 2 (FGE.07Rev2) : Saturated and unsaturated aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and esters of secondary alcohols and saturated linear or branched-chain carboxylic acids from chemical group 5
View page or View pdf
Risk Assessment of Food Contact Materials
View page or View pdf
EPI System: View
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards: search
NIOSH Pocket Guide: search
AIDS Citations: Search
Cancer Citations: Search
Toxicology Citations: Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): 78-92-2
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : 6568
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
WISER: UN 1120
WGK Germany: 1
 butan-2-ol
Chemidplus: 0000078922
EPA/NOAA CAMEO: hazardous materials
RTECS: 78-92-2
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References:
 butan-2-ol
NIST Chemistry WebBook: Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List: 78-92-2
Pubchem (cid): 6568
Pubchem (sid): 134971087
Flavornet: 78-92-2
Pherobase: View
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Other Information:
(IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos: The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc: Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): View
CHEBI: View
CHEMBL: View
Golm Metabolome Database: Search
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): HMDB11469
FooDB: FDB003382
Export Tariff Code: 2905.14.5050
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online: VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider: View
Wikipedia: View
Formulations/Preparations:
grades: technical
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Potential Blenders and core components note
 
For Odor
acidic
isobutyric acidFL/FR
 cyclohexyl acetic acidFL/FR
2-methyl butyric acidFL/FR
balsamic
3-phenyl propyl cinnamateFL/FR
buttery
 acetyl propionylFL/FR
 butyl butyryl lactateFL/FR
2,3-heptane dioneFL/FR
caramellic
 maltyl isobutyrateFL/FR
cheesy
 butyric acidFL/FR
2-methyl hexanoic acidFL/FR
S-(methyl thio) butyrateFL/FR
2-methyl valeric acidFL/FR
2-methyl-2-hexenoic acidFR
ethereal
isovaleraldehyde propylene glycol acetalFL/FR
fatty
3-decen-2-oneFL/FR
 hexanoic acidFL/FR
 octanoic acidFL/FR
fermented
isobutyl decanoateFL/FR
floral
 butyl nonanoateFL/FR
 citronellyl acetateFL/FR
 citronellyl formateFL/FR
alpha-damasconeFL/FR
gamma-damasconeFR
 geranyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 heptyl propionateFL/FR
 jasmin lactone (IFF)FL/FR
 methyl citronellateFL/FR
 phenethyl acetateFL/FR
 phenethyl heptanoateFL/FR
 phenethyl isovalerateFL/FR
1-phenyl propyl butyrateFL/FR
 allyl propionateFL/FR
 amyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
isoamyl butyrateFL/FR
isoamyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 amyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 amyl isovalerateFL/FR
isoamyl nonanoateFL/FR
isoamyl propionateFL/FR
 amyl propionateFL/FR
isoamyl valerateFL/FR
 apple ketalFL/FR
 apricot isobutyrateFR
 benzyl butyrateFL/FR
 benzyl heptanoateFL/FR
 benzyl isovalerateFL/FR
 benzyl propionateFL/FR
 butyl 2-decenoateFL/FR
isobutyl isovalerateFL/FR
 butyl isovalerateFL/FR
 cyclohexyl butyrateFL/FR
 cyclohexyl carboxylic acidFL/FR
 cyclohexyl isovalerateFL/FR
 decen-1-yl cyclopentanoneFL/FR
 dihydroactinidolideFL/FR
alpha,alpha-dimethyl benzyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 ethyl isovalerateFL/FR
 ethyl valerateFL/FR
 filbert hexenoneFL/FR
 fruity cyclopentanoneFR
 fruity ketalFL/FR
 geranyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
 geranyl isovalerateFL/FR
 geranyl methyl tiglate 
4-heptanoneFL/FR
 heptyl isobutyrateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl isobutyrateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexenal dimethyl acetal 
 hexyl formateFL/FR
 linalyl valerateFL/FR
 methyl 4-methyl valerateFL/FR
2-methyl butyl isovalerateFL/FR
 methyl butyrateFL/FR
 methyl isovalerateFL/FR
 methyl valerateFL/FR
 nonyl isovalerateFL/FR
 peach cyclopentanoneFR
2-phenyl propyl butyrateFL/FR
 prenyl hexanoateFL/FR
 propyl butyrateFL/FR
 propyl heptanoateFL/FR
 propyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 propyl isovalerateFL/FR
isopropyl isovalerateFL/FR
 sorbyl butyrateFL/FR
 tetrahydrofurfuryl butyrateFL/FR
 tropical indeneFR
 tropical iononeFL/FR
 tropical thiazoleFL/FR
gamma-undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called))FL/FR
green
 benzyl hexanoateFL/FR
 butyl heptanoateFL/FR
 ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoateFL/FR
 heptanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 heptyl acetateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetateFL/FR
(E)-2-hexen-1-yl butyrateFL/FR
(E)-2-hexen-1-yl propionateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl valerateFL/FR
(E)-2-hexen-1-yl valerateFL/FR
(E)-2-hexenalFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexenal diethyl acetalFL/FR
 hexyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
 hexyl butyrateFL/FR
 hexyl isobutyrateFL/FR
1-penten-3-olFL/FR
(E)-2-pentenalFL/FR
herbal
 linalyl isovalerateFL/FR
 viridiflorolFL/FR
honey
 propyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
nutty
 nutty quinoxalineFL/FR
sulfurous
 buchu mercaptanFL/FR
 cassis pentanoneFL/FR
 passiflora acetateFL/FR
tropical
 tropical 3-thiobutyrateFL/FR
waxy
 ethyl decanoateFL/FR
 ethyl octanoateFL/FR
2-methyl heptanoic acidFL/FR
 nonanoic acidFL/FR
2-nonanolFL/FR
 undecanoic acidFL/FR
woody
 marine formateFR
yeasty
2-octen-4-oneFL/FR
 
For Flavor
 
No flavor group found for these
 allyl cyclohexyl valerateFL
 amyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
isoamyl 3-methyl thiopropionateFL
 amyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 amyl isovalerateFL/FR
 amyl propionateFL/FR
 benzyl heptanoateFL/FR
 benzyl hexanoateFL/FR
isobutyl decanoateFL/FR
 butyl nonanoateFL/FR
 cyclohexyl butyrateFL/FR
 dihydroactinidolideFL/FR
 ethyl 3-octenoateFL
 ethyl cyclohexyl carboxylateFL
 geranyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
(E,E)-2,4-heptadien-1-olFL
 heptyl 2-methyl butyrateFL
(Z)-3-hexenal diethyl acetalFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexenal dimethyl acetal 
(E)-2-hexenal dimethyl acetalFL
(Z)-3-hexenoic acidFL
 jasmin lactone (IFF)FL/FR
 linalyl valerateFL/FR
5-methyl hexanoic acidFL
4-methyl valeric acidFL
 nonyl isovalerateFL/FR
 phenethyl heptanoateFL/FR
1-phenyl propyl butyrateFL/FR
 prenyl hexanoateFL/FR
 propyl isovalerateFL/FR
isopropyl isovalerateFL/FR
 viridiflorolFL/FR
acidic
isobutyric acidFL/FR
alliaceous
 allyl propionateFL/FR
 tropical thiazoleFL/FR
berry
 heptyl isobutyrateFL/FR
buttery
2,3-heptane dioneFL/FR
2-methyl valeric acidFL/FR
(E)-2-pentenoic acidFL
cheesy
 hexanoic acidFL/FR
creamy
 acetoin butyrateFL
 butyl butyryl lactateFL/FR
2-methyl-4-pentenoic acidFL
gamma-undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called))FL/FR
dairy
4-pentenoic acidFL
fatty
 dimethyl sulfoxideFL
 nonanoic acidFL/FR
(E)-2-octenoic acidFL
fermented
 methyl thio isovalerateFL
floral
 citronellyl acetateFL/FR
 geranyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 methyl citronellateFL/FR
 tropical iononeFL/FR
fruity
isoamyl isobutyrateFL/FR
isoamyl propionateFL/FR
isoamyl valerateFL/FR
 apple ketalFL/FR
 benzyl butyrateFL/FR
 benzyl isovalerateFL/FR
 benzyl propionateFL/FR
 butyl 2-decenoateFL/FR
 butyl heptanoateFL/FR
 butyl isovalerateFL/FR
 citronellyl formateFL/FR
 cyclohexyl carboxylic acidFL/FR
 cyclohexyl isovalerateFL/FR
alpha-damasconeFL/FR
 decen-1-yl cyclopentanoneFL/FR
alpha,alpha-dimethyl benzyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 ethyl isovalerateFL/FR
 ethyl valerateFL/FR
 filbert hexenoneFL/FR
 fruity ketalFL/FR
2-furyl pentyl ketoneFL
 geranyl methyl tiglate 
4-heptanoneFL/FR
 heptyl propionateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl isobutyrateFL/FR
 linalyl isovalerateFL/FR
 methyl 4-methyl valerateFL/FR
2-methyl butyl isovalerateFL/FR
2-methyl butyric acidFL/FR
 methyl isovalerateFL/FR
 methyl valerateFL/FR
 phenethyl isovalerateFL/FR
 propyl butyrateFL/FR
 propyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 sorbyl butyrateFL/FR
 tetrahydrofurfuryl butyrateFL/FR
isovaleraldehyde propylene glycol acetalFL/FR
fusel
 methyl butyrateFL/FR
green
isobutyl isovalerateFL/FR
 cassis pentanoneFL/FR
3-decen-2-oneFL/FR
 ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoateFL/FR
 geranyl isovalerateFL/FR
 heptanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 heptyl acetateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetateFL/FR
(E)-2-hexen-1-yl butyrateFL/FR
(E)-2-hexen-1-yl propionateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl valerateFL/FR
(E)-2-hexen-1-yl valerateFL/FR
(E)-2-hexenalFL/FR
 hexyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
 hexyl butyrateFL/FR
 hexyl formateFL/FR
 hexyl isobutyrateFL/FR
1-penten-3-olFL/FR
(E)-2-pentenalFL/FR
honey
 phenethyl acetateFL/FR
 propyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
jammy
 maltyl isobutyrateFL/FR
meaty
2-methyl 3-(methyl thio) furanFL
musty
S-(methyl thio) butyrateFL/FR
nutty
 nutty quinoxalineFL/FR
oily
2-methyl hexanoic acidFL/FR
soapy
 octanoic acidFL/FR
sour
 butyric acidFL/FR
2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoic acidFL
3-methyl valeric acidFL
spicy
2-phenyl propyl butyrateFL/FR
3-phenyl propyl cinnamateFL/FR
sulfurous
 buchu mercaptanFL/FR
 methyl 2-(methyl thio) butyrateFL
 methyl 4-(methyl thio) butyrateFL
 methyl thiomethyl butyrateFL
 tropical 3-thiobutyrateFL/FR
sweet
 cyclohexyl acetic acidFL/FR
toasted
 acetyl propionylFL/FR
tropical
 passiflora acetateFL/FR
vegetable
2-octen-4-oneFL/FR
waxy
isoamyl butyrateFL/FR
 ethyl decanoateFL/FR
 ethyl octanoateFL/FR
2-methyl heptanoic acidFL/FR
2-nonanolFL/FR
 propyl heptanoateFL/FR
 undecanoic acidFL/FR
winey
isoamyl nonanoateFL/FR
 
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Potential Uses:
 appleFR
 apricotFR
 orangeFR
 peachFR
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 apple fruit juice 677 ppm
Search Trop  Picture
 apple plant
Search Trop  Picture
 bilberry fruit juice
Search Trop  Picture
 blueberry fruit juice
Search Trop  Picture
 butter 115 ppm
Search  PMC Picture
 cheese cheddar cheese 16191 ppm
Search  PMC Picture
 currant black currant fruit
Search Trop  Picture
 ginger oil
Search Trop  Picture
 mikan peel oil @ 0.01%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 orange juice 74 ppm
Search Trop  Picture
 potato chip 9 ppm
Search  PMC Picture
 rosemary sap
Search Trop  Picture
 tea leaf
Search Trop  Picture
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Synonyms:
 butan-2-ol
DL-butan-2-ol
(±)-2-butanol
±-2-butanol
DL-sec-butanol
dextro,laevo-sec-butanol
rac-2-butanol
racemic-2-butanol
s-butanol
sec-butanol
(±)-sec-butyl alcohol
2-butyl alcohol
s-butyl alcohol
sec-butyl alcohol
 butyl alcohol, sec-
2-butylalcohol
 butylene hydrate
 ethyl methyl carbinol
 ethylmethyl carbinol
 ethylmethylcarbinol
2-hydroxybutane
 methyl ethyl carbinol
dextro,laevo-methyl ethyl carbinol
1-methyl propanol
1-methyl propyl alcohol
1-methyl-1-propanol
 methylethyl carbinol
DL-methylethyl carbinol
 methylethylcarbinol
1-methylpropanol
1-methylpropyl alcohol
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Articles:
PubMed: Production of 2-butanol through meso-2,3-butanediol consumption in lactic acid bacteria.
PubMed: Highly efficient enzymatic synthesis of an ascorbyl unstaturated fatty acid ester with ecofriendly biomass-derived 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as cosolvent.
PubMed: Synthesis and tribological investigation of lipoyl glycerides.
PubMed: Volatile fingerprint of Brazilian defective coffee seeds: corroboration of potential marker compounds and identification of new low quality indicators.
PubMed: Direct conversion from Jerusalem artichoke to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) using the Fenton reaction.
PubMed: Profile of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath changes as a result of gluten-free diet.
PubMed: Effects of a(w) packaging time and atmosphere composition on aroma profile, biogenic amine content and microbiological features of dry fermented sausages.
PubMed: Oral adherence monitoring using a breath test to supplement highly active antiretroviral therapy.
PubMed: Determination of volatile compounds in wine by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection: comparison between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 3sigma approach and Hubaux-Vos calculation of detection limits using ordinary and bivariate least squares.
PubMed: Intermolecular chiral assemblies in R(-) and S(+) 2-butanol detected by microcalorimetry measurements.
PubMed: Fragrance material review on 2-methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl acetate.
PubMed: Formation of the aroma of a raw goat milk cheese during maturation analysed by SPME-GC-MS.
PubMed: Fragrance material review on 2-methyl-4-phenyl-2-butanol.
PubMed: Sample stacking microemulsion electrokinetic capillary chromatography induced by reverse migrating pseudostationary phase for the quantification of phenobarbital and its p-hydroxyphenobarbital metabolite in rat urine.
PubMed: Simplification of a complex microbial antilisterial consortium to evaluate the contribution of its flora in uncooked pressed cheese.
PubMed: Thermodynamic analysis of alcohol effect on thermal stability of proteins.
PubMed: Effects of microbial inoculants on corn silage fermentation, microbial contents, aerobic stability, and milk production under field conditions.
PubMed: Differences in the volatile compositions of French labeled brandies (Armagnac, Calvados, Cognac, and Mirabelle) using GC-MS and PLS-DA.
PubMed: Chemical and biochemical study of industrially produced San Simón da Costa smoked semi-hard cow's milk cheeses: Effects of storage under vacuum and different modified atmospheres.
PubMed: Rapid method for determination of residual tert-butanol in liposomes using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography.
PubMed: Epimerization of cypermethrin stereoisomers in alcohols.
PubMed: Characterization of fermentative behaviors of lactic acid bacteria in grape wines through 1H NMR- and GC-based metabolic profiling.
PubMed: Co-fermentation of grape must by Issatchenkia orientalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces the malic acid content in wine.
PubMed: Addition of pasture plant essential oil in milk: influence on chemical and sensory properties of milk and cheese.
PubMed: Effects of neutral salts and alcohols on the activity of Streptomyces caespitosus neutral protease.
PubMed: Volatile compounds, odor, and aroma of La Serena cheese high-pressure treated at two different stages of ripening.
PubMed: Biotransformation of raspberry ketone and zingerone by cultured cells of Phytolacca americana.
PubMed: Production of volatile compounds by Rhizopus oligosporus during soybean and barley tempeh fermentation.
PubMed: Determination of low molecular weight alcohols including fusel oil in various samples by diethyl ether extraction and capillary gas chromatography.
PubMed: Volatile composition and sensory characters of commercial Galician orujo spirits.
PubMed: Determination of major compounds in sweet wines by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography.
PubMed: Prediction of the equilibrium conversion for the synthesis of acyl hexose through lipase-catalyzed condensation in water-miscible solvent in the presence of molecular sieve.
PubMed: Inhibitory effects of alcohols on thermolysin activity as examined using a fluorescent substrate.
PubMed: Liquid chromatographic determination of alcohols in food and beverages with indirect polarimetric detection using a beta-cyclodextrin mobile phase.
PubMed: Quick regiospecific analysis of fatty acids in triacylglycerols with GC using 1,3-specific lipase in butanol.
PubMed: Methanobacterium congolense sp. nov., from a methanogenic fermentation of cassava peel.
PubMed: Free and bound volatile composition and characterization of some glucoconjugates as aroma precursors in melón de olor fruit pulp (Sicana odorifera).
PubMed: Gas chromatographic determination of volatile congeners in spirit drinks: interlaboratory study.
PubMed: Bitter peptide from hemoglobin hydrolysate: isolation and characterization.
PubMed: The metabolism of some food additives related to piperonal in the rabbit.
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