alpha-sinensal
2,6,9,11-dodecatetraenal, 2,6,10-trimethyl-, (2E,6E,9E)-
 
Notes:
Constit. of orange oil
  • Augustus Oils
    • Augustus Oils Ltd
      The Premier Supplier
      Augustus Oils Ltd, in harmony with nature - to present it at its best...
      A wealth of experience, expertise and knowledge has allowed Augustus to bridge the gulf in expectation and trust between growers and users of natural ingredients. The Company works in partnership with customers on the one hand, and growers, farmers and distillers on the other. Both users and producers can then focus on exactly what they do best, while skilled Augustus technicians closely monitor and control the delivered product. This ensures users can have the confidence that they will receive the best raw materials suited to their requirements.
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      Services
      Product(s):
      Alpha Sinensal 20%
       
  • Fleurchem
    • Fleurchem, Inc.
      Have A Flavorful Day
      A leading global manufacturer and supplier of ingredients for Flavors, Fragrances, AromaTherapy, Foods, Beverages, Personal Care Products, and other uses.
      Operating out of the 200,000 sq. ft., former Hercules/PFW facility in Middletown, NY; Fleurchem produces a full range of natural isolates, synthetic chemicals & specialities, essential oils and flavors. Additionally, the company performs toll manufacturing, as well as custom chemical synthesis for a wide range of clients.
      Email: Information
      US Voice: 845-341-2100
      US Fax: 845-341-2121
      Product(s):
      sinensal natural
       
  • Indukern F&F
  • R C Treatt & Co Ltd
    • R C Treatt and Co Ltd
      Innovative ingredient solutions
      World-leading innovative ingredient solutions provider for the flavour, fragrance and FMCG industries.
      We offer innovative and trend-setting product concepts for our customers, collaborating with them to create true value for their products.
      Email: Enquiries
      US Email: Enquiries
      Voice: +44 (0) 1284 702500
      Fax: +44 (0) 1284 703809
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      Product(s):
      Sinensal Ex Orange 20/10a
       
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Fragrance Demo Formulas    Flavor Demo Formulas
CAS Number: 17909-77-2Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN): 29994-82-9
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: 241-854-6
FDA UNII: 5SEZ02PE9O
Nikkaji Web: J14.018J
CoE Number: 10380
XlogP3-AA: 4.80 (est)
Molecular Weight: 218.33954000
Formula: C15 H22 O
NMR Predictor: Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
EFSA/JECFA Comments: Substance not in the Register
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar: Search
Google Books: Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist: Search
Google Patents: Search
US Patents: Search
EU Patents: Search
Pubchem Patents: Search
PubMed: Search
NCBI: Search
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Physical Properties:
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 94.00 to 100.00 % 
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 180.00 °C. @ 1.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 100.00 °C. @ 0.10 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.000119 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 316.00 °F. TCC ( 157.78 °C. )
logP (o/w): 4.790 (est)
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 water, 0.5734 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:
 water
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor Type: citrus
 
Odor Strength: medium
 
Substantivity: > 842 hour(s) at 100.00 %
 
 citrus  orange  powdery  aldehydic  juicy  mandarin  sour  candy  waxy  
Odor Description:
at 18.00 - 20.00 % in terpenes. 
citrus orange powdery aldehydic juicy mandarin sour candy waxy
Luebke, William tgsc, (2021)
 
 
Flavor Type: citrus
 
 citrus  green  citrus peel  citrus rind  petitgrain  orange peel  aldehydic  earthy  pepper bell pepper  woody  
Taste Description:
citrus green citrus peel citrus rind petitgrain orange peel aldehydic earthy bell pepper woody
Luebke, William tgsc, (2021)
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
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Cosmetic Information:
CosIng: cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: perfuming agents
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Suppliers:
Augustus Oils
Alpha Sinensal 20%
Services
Citrus and Allied Essences
alpha-Sinensal 21/22% ex tangerine (natural)
Market Report
Fleurchem
sinensal natural
Indukern F&F
SINENSAL NATURAL EX-ORANGE
Odor: CITRUS, ORANGE, FATTY, SWEET
Parchem
alpha-sinensal
R C Treatt & Co Ltd
Sinensal Ex Orange 20/10a
Odor: Orange, sweet, fresh, waxy and juicy
Flavor: Orange, waxy, citrus with a peel nuance
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety Information:
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for alpha-sinensal usage levels up to:
  5.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
 
Recommendation for alpha-sinensal flavor usage levels up to:
  40.0000 ppm in the finished product.
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
Flavouring Group Evaluation 201: 2-Alkylated aliphatic acyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and precursors with or without additional double bonds from chemical subgroup 1.1.2 of FGE.19[1]
View page or View pdf
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 201 Revision 1 (FGE.201Rev1): 2-Alkylated, aliphatic, acyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and precursors, with or without additional double-bonds, from chemical subgroup 1.1.2 of FGE.19.
View page or View pdf
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 201 Revision 2 (FGE.201Rev2): 2-alkylated, aliphatic, acyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and precursors, with or without additional double-bonds, from chemical subgroup 1.1.2 of FGE.19
View page or View pdf
EPI System: View
AIDS Citations: Search
Cancer Citations: Search
Toxicology Citations: Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): 17909-77-2
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : 5281534
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
WGK Germany: 2
 (2E,6E,9E)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,9,11-tetraenal
Chemidplus: 0017909772
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
References:
 (2E,6E,9E)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,9,11-tetraenal
NIST Chemistry WebBook: Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List: 17909-77-2
Pubchem (cid): 5281534
Pubchem (sid): 134985586
Pherobase: View
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Other Information:
(IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos: The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc: Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI: View
KEGG (GenomeNet): C09729
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): HMDB38215
FooDB: FDB017457
Export Tariff Code: 3301.10
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online: VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider: View
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Potential Blenders and core components note
 
For Odor
No odor group found for these
 octyl valerateFR
aldehydic
 decanal (aldehyde C-10)FL/FR
3-methyl-4-heptyl oxybutyraldehydeFR
 nonanal (aldehyde C-9)FL/FR
 octanal (aldehyde C-8)FL/FR
 undecanalFL/FR
anisic
para-anisaldehydeFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum herb oilFL/FR
balsamic
isoamyl benzoateFL/FR
 amyris wood oilFL/FR
siam benzoin resinoidFL/FR
 cinnamyl alcoholFL/FR
 clover nitrileFR
 ethyl cinnamateFL/FR
 methyl cinnamateFL/FR
 myrrh oilFL/FR
berry
 raspberry ketone methyl etherFL/FR
citrus
 bergamot oilFL/FR
 citralFL/FR
 citral diethyl acetalFL/FR
 citral dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 citrus paradisi peel extractFL/FR
 citrus reticulata blanco var. tangerine oilFL/FR
 citrus unshiu peel oilFL/FR
(E)-4-decenalFL/FR
(Z)-4-decenalFL/FR
4-decenalFL/FR
(Z)-4-decenal diethyl acetalFR
 dodecane nitrileFR
 grapefruit oil c.p. californiaFL/FR
 lemon oil c.p. californiaFL/FR
 lime oil distilled mexicoFL/FR
clementine mandarin fragranceFR
 mandarin oilFL/FR
 mandarin oil italyFL/FR
 nonyl anthranilate 
(+)-nootkatoneFL/FR
 octanal glycol acetalFR
 orange fruit oilFL/FR
blood orange oil italyFL/FR
bitter orange peel oilFL/FR
bitter orange peel oil brazilFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. brazilFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. californiaFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. floridaFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. valenciaFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil distilledFL/FR
bitter orange peel oil italyFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil terpenelessFL/FR
bitter orange peel oil terpenelessFL/FR
beta-sinensalFL/FR
 tangerine oil americaFL/FR
 tangerine oil californiaFL/FR
 waxy nitrileFR
(E,Z)-2,6-dodecadienalFL/FR
floral
alpha-amyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
isoamyl salicylateFL/FR
 benzyl acetateFL/FR
 bois de rose oil brazilFL/FR
 citronellolFL/FR
 citronellyl ethyl etherFR
 coriander seed oilFL/FR
 cyclamen aldehydeFL/FR
 cyclohexyl ethyl alcoholFL/FR
 dimethyl anthranilateFL/FR
 ethyl anthranilateFL/FR
 floral pyranolFR
 gardenia oxideFR
 geraniolFL/FR
 geranium oil bourbonFL/FR
 heliotropinFL/FR
 heliotropyl diethyl acetalFR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl salicylateFL/FR
alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
 ho leaf oilFR
 hyacinth etherFR
 hydroxycitronellalFL/FR
 hydroxycitronellal / methyl anthranilate schiff's baseFR
 leerallFR
laevo-linaloolFL/FR
 linaloolFL/FR
 linalool oxideFL/FR
 methyl dihydrojasmonateFL/FR
 mimosa absolute franceFL/FR
 muguet carboxaldehydeFR
 muguet octadienolFR
 nerolFL/FR
 neroli oil bigardeFL/FR
 neryl acetateFL/FR
 ocean propanalFL/FR
bitter orangeflower absolute moroccoFL/FR
 orris pyridine 25% IPMFR
 peony alcoholFR
 petitgrain mandarin oil terpenelessFL/FR
 petitgrain oil paraguayFL/FR
 phenethyl acetateFL/FR
 phenethyl alcoholFL/FR
 phenethyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 phenethyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 phenethyl propionateFL/FR
 rhodinolFL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa damascena) bulgariaFL/FR
 rose butanoateFL/FR
 tetrahydrolinaloolFL/FR
 violet methyl carbonateFR
fruity
 allyl amyl glycolateFR
 allyl cyclohexyl propionateFL/FR
 benzyl propionateFL/FR
 dimethyl benzyl carbinyl isobutyrateFR
 ethyl methyl anthranilateFL/FR
 methyl anthranilateFL/FR
 papaya fragranceFR
 papaya specialtyFR
 strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called))FL/FR
gamma-undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called))FL/FR
(E)-2-undecenalFL/FR
green
 acetaldehyde ethyl phenethyl acetalFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-olFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl benzoateFL/FR
(E)-2-hexenalFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehyde dimethyl acetalFL/FR
3-phenyl propionaldehydeFL/FR
 violet leaf absoluteFL/FR
herbal
 anthemis nobilis flower oil romanFL/FR
 cardamom liquid resinFR
 clary sage oil franceFL/FR
(E)-2-dodecenalFL/FR
2-dodecenalFL/FR
 lavender absolute bulgariaFL/FR
 linalyl acetateFL/FR
mossy
 veramoss (IFF)FR
powdery
para-anisyl alcoholFL/FR
spicy
 mace oilFL/FR
terpenic
alpha-terpineolFL/FR
tonka
 coumarinFR
 tonka bean absoluteFR
waxy
3-decanoneFL/FR
2-nonanolFL/FR
woody
 guaiacwood oilFL/FR
 santallFR
 
For Flavor
 
No flavor group found for these
 citrus unshiu peel oilFL/FR
3-decanoneFL/FR
4-decenalFL/FR
 ethyl methyl anthranilateFL/FR
(E)-2-hexenalFL
 nonyl anthranilate 
beta-sinensalFL/FR
aldehydic
 nonanal (aldehyde C-9)FL/FR
 octanal (aldehyde C-8)FL/FR
balsamic
siam benzoin resinoidFL/FR
 ethyl cinnamateFL/FR
 myrrh oilFL/FR
berry
 raspberry ketone methyl etherFL/FR
cherry
 heliotropinFL/FR
citrus
 bergamot oilFL/FR
 citralFL/FR
 citral diethyl acetalFL/FR
 citral dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 citrus paradisi peel extractFL/FR
 citrus reticulata blanco var. tangerine oilFL/FR
(Z)-4-decenalFL/FR
 grapefruit oil c.p. californiaFL/FR
 lemon oil c.p. californiaFL/FR
 lime oil distilled mexicoFL/FR
 linaloolFL/FR
laevo-linaloolFL/FR
 mandarin oilFL/FR
 mandarin oil italyFL/FR
 nerolFL/FR
(+)-nootkatoneFL/FR
 orange fruit oilFL/FR
blood orange oil italyFL/FR
bitter orange peel oilFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. brazilFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. californiaFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. floridaFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. valenciaFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil distilledFL/FR
bitter orange peel oil italyFL/FR
bitter orange peel oil terpenelessFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil terpenelessFL/FR
 tangerine oil americaFL/FR
 tangerine oil californiaFL/FR
alpha-terpineolFL/FR
creamy
para-anisaldehydeFL/FR
gamma-undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called))FL/FR
fatty
2,4-decadienalFL
2-dodecenalFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl benzoateFL/FR
floral
 bois de rose oil brazilFL/FR
 citronellolFL/FR
 geraniolFL/FR
 geranium oil bourbonFL/FR
 linalyl acetateFL/FR
 methyl dihydrojasmonateFL/FR
 neroli oil bigardeFL/FR
 neryl acetateFL/FR
 ocean propanalFL/FR
bitter orangeflower absolute moroccoFL/FR
 phenethyl alcoholFL/FR
 phenethyl propionateFL/FR
 rhodinolFL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa damascena) bulgariaFL/FR
 tetrahydrolinaloolFL/FR
fruity
 allyl cyclohexyl propionateFL/FR
isoamyl benzoateFL/FR
para-anisyl alcoholFL/FR
 benzyl acetateFL/FR
 benzyl propionateFL/FR
 dimethyl anthranilateFL/FR
 ethyl anthranilateFL/FR
 methyl anthranilateFL/FR
bitter orange peel oil brazilFL/FR
 petitgrain mandarin oil terpenelessFL/FR
 rose butanoateFL/FR
 strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called))FL/FR
green
 acetaldehyde ethyl phenethyl acetalFL/FR
isoamyl salicylateFL/FR
 cinnamyl alcoholFL/FR
 cyclamen aldehydeFL/FR
 cyclohexyl ethyl alcoholFL/FR
(E)-4-decenalFL/FR
(E,Z)-2,6-dodecadienalFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-olFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl salicylateFL/FR
(E)-2-hexenalFL/FR
 linalool oxideFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehyde dimethyl acetalFL/FR
3-phenyl propionaldehydeFL/FR
 violet leaf absoluteFL/FR
herbal
 anthemis nobilis flower oil romanFL/FR
 clary sage oil franceFL/FR
 coriander seed oilFL/FR
 lavender absolute bulgariaFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum herb oilFL/FR
 petitgrain oil paraguayFL/FR
honey
 phenethyl acetateFL/FR
 phenethyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 phenethyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 mace oilFL/FR
 methyl cinnamateFL/FR
tropical
alpha-amyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
waxy
 decanal (aldehyde C-10)FL/FR
(E)-2-dodecenalFL/FR
alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
 hydroxycitronellalFL/FR
 mimosa absolute franceFL/FR
2-nonanolFL/FR
 undecanalFL/FR
(E)-2-undecenalFL/FR
woody
 amyris wood oilFL/FR
 guaiacwood oilFL/FR
 
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Potential Uses:
 agrumen aldehydeFR
 aldehydicFR
 amberFR
 bergamotFR
 berry jamFR
 blackberryFR
 bouquetFR
 boysenberryFR
 cherry black cherryFR
 citrusFR
 cologneFR
 coloniaFR
 currantFR
 currant bud absolute replacerFL/FR
 dateFR
 freesiaFR
 fruit tropical fruitFL
 grapeFR
 grape concord grapeFR
 grape white grapeFL
 hibiscusFR
 honeysuckleFR
 immortelleFL/FR
 iris blossomFR
 kiwi blossomFR
 kumquatFR
 lemonFR
 limeFR
 lycheeFR
 mandarinFR
 marjoramFL/FR
 mock orangeFR
 necterineFL
 neroliFR
 orangeFR
 orange bitter orange peelFL/FR
 orange blossomFR
 passion blossomFR
 petitgrainFR
 petitgrain bergamot petitgrainFL/FR
 petitgrain mandarin oil replacerFL/FR
 petitgrain orange petitgrainFR
 petitgrain tangerine petitgrainFL/FR
 plumFR
 plum blossomFR
 plum greengage plumFL
 plum mirabelle plumFR
 plum blossomFR
 pruneFR
 raisinFR
 raspberryFR
 rose wild rose 
 rueFL/FR
 scented stockFR
 sweet peaFR
 tangerineFR
 tangerineFR
 tropicalFL
 wineFR
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 blood orange oil (citrus sinensis l. var. sanguinello) italy @ 0.018%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 blood orange oil (citrus sinensis l. var. tarocco) italy @ 0.017%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 blood orange oil italy @ 0.031%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 lemon petiole
Search Trop  Picture
 mandarin fruit
Search Trop  Picture
 mandarin oil avana @ 0.14%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 mandarin oil uruguay @ 0.02-0.04%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 orange fruit
Search Trop  Picture
 orange oil terpeneless @ 0.80%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.014%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.017%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.023%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.028%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.042%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 orange peel oil sweet c.p. florida @ 0.01%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 orange peel oil sweet c.p. valencia @ 0.02%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
 orange pericarp
Search Trop  Picture
 petitgrain mandarin oil @ 0.48%
Data  GC  Search Trop  Picture
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Synonyms:
2,6-dimethyl-10-methylene-2,6,11-dodecatriene
2,6,9,11-dodecatetraenal, 2,6,10-trimethyl-, (2E,6E,9E)-
2,6,9,11-dodecatetraenal, 2,6,10-trimethyl-, (E,E,E)-
a-sinensal
alpha-sinensal
alpha-sinensal 21/22% ex tangerine (natural)
 sinensal ex orange 20/10a
alpha-sinensal natural
(E,E,E)-2,6,10-trimethyl dodeca-2,6,9,11-tetraen-1-al
all trans-trimethyl dodecatetraenal
(E,E,E)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,9,11-tetraen-1-al
(2E,6E,9E)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,9,11-tetraenal
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Articles:
US Patents: 3,963,783 - 4-Methyl-8-vinyl-4,7- and -4,8-nonadienals
PubMed: Rapid collection and identification of a novel component from Clausena lansium Skeels leaves by means of three-dimensional preparative gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance/infrared/mass spectrometric analysis.
US Patents: 3,974,225 - Process for the preparation of unsaturated aldehydes
PubMed: California Lomatiums, Part X. Comparison of composition of the hydrodistilled oils from two subspecies of Lomatium mohavense.
US Patents: 3,979,425 - Process for the preparation of unsaturated aldehydes
PubMed: VOLATILES FROM ORANGES. 3. THE STRUCTURE OF SINENSAL.
PubMed: Citrus fruit flavor and aroma biosynthesis: isolation, functional characterization, and developmental regulation of Cstps1, a key gene in the production of the sesquiterpene aroma compound valencene.
PubMed: Identification of sulfur volatiles in canned orange juices lacking orange flavor.
PubMed: Characterization of nerolidol biotransformation based on indirect on-line estimation of biomass concentration and physiological state in batch cultures of Aspergillus niger.
PubMed: Repellent effect of santalol from sandalwood oil against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae).
PubMed: Acaricidal and oviposition deterring effects of santalol identified in sandalwood oil against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae).
PubMed: Chemical composition of the essential oils of Clausena lansium from Hainan Island, China.
PubMed: Identification of aroma active compounds in orange essence oil using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Volatile constituents of redblush grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and pummelo (Citrus grandis) peel essential oils from Kenya.
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