Category: natural substances and extractives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless clear liquid (est) |
Assay: | 99.00 to 100.00 %
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Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 0.98300 to 0.98700 @ 20.00 °C.
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Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 8.189 to 8.222
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Refractive Index: | 1.50800 to 1.51200 @ 20.00 °C.
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Melting Point: | -42.00 to -41.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Boiling Point: | 115.00 to 116.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Boiling Point: | 43.00 to 44.00 °C. @ 50.00 mm Hg
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Vapor Pressure: | 22.778999 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Vapor Density: | 2.72 ( Air = 1 ) |
Flash Point: | 68.00 °F. TCC ( 20.00 °C. )
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logP (o/w): | 0.650 |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
Organoleptic Properties:
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Odor Type: fishy |
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| sour fishy ammoniacal |
Odor Description: at 0.01 % in propylene glycol. | sickening sour putrid fishy amine |
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Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Sigma-Aldrich |
Pyridine, ≥99% |
Odor Description: | sour; fishy |
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Pell Wall Perfumes |
Pyridine |
Odor Description: | Sour, smoky, warm, burnt, coffee, putrid, fishy, amine Arctander suggests the main uses of pyridine relate to coffee and chocolate, as it forms a key part of the aroma of both.
The odour isn’t, in the opinion of this perfumer, as repelent or as powerful as the widely circulated descriptions would suggest.
As such we are offering pyridine at 0.01% or 1% – please indicate your preferred dilution in the box at checkout – prices are the same for each. The former is really quite pleasant to deal with, the latter has a decidedly unpleasant character dominated by the fishy aspect. |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Advanced Biotech |
PYRIVEG MIXTURE #89 NATURAL
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Augustus Oils |
Pyridine
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Services |
Azelis UK |
Pyridine
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Berjé |
Pyridine
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Media |
Charkit Chemical |
PYRIDINE ACS
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ECSA Chemicals |
PYRIDINE RE-PURE, KG 25
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ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY |
ECSA Chemicals |
PYRIDINE RPE-ACS-FOR ANALYSIS-REAG. PH.EUR.-
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ECSA Chemicals |
PYRIDINE
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EMD Millipore |
For experimental / research use only. |
Pyridine
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Glentham Life Sciences |
Pyridine
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OQEMA |
Pyridine
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Pell Wall Perfumes |
Pyridine
Odor: Sour, smoky, warm, burnt, coffee, putrid, fishy, amine Use: Arctander suggests the main uses of pyridine relate to coffee and chocolate, as it forms a key part of the aroma of both.
The odour isn’t, in the opinion of this perfumer, as repelent or as powerful as the widely circulated descriptions would suggest.
As such we are offering pyridine at 0.01% or 1% – please indicate your preferred dilution in the box at checkout – prices are the same for each. The former is really quite pleasant to deal with, the latter has a decidedly unpleasant character dominated by the fishy aspect. |
Penta International |
PYRIDINE (WATER 0.05% MAX)
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Penta International |
PYRIDINE (WATER 0.10% MAX.)
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Penta International |
PYRIDINE ACS GRADE
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Penta International |
PYRIDINE ANHYDROUS (WATER LESS THAN 50 PPM)
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Penta International |
PYRIDINE
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Santa Cruz Biotechnology |
For experimental / research use only. |
Pyridine
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Shiva Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals |
Pyridine
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Sigma-Aldrich |
Pyridine, ≥99%
Odor: sour; fishy |
Certified Food Grade Products |
Synerzine |
Pyridine
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TCI AMERICA |
For experimental / research use only. |
Pyridine [Sequencing Solvent] >99.0%(GC)
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United International |
Pyridine
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Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View |
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | Xn - Harmful. |
R 11 - Highly flammable. R 20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. S 01/02 - Keep locked up and out of the reach of children. S 07/09 - Keep container tightly closed and in well-ventilated place. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 28 - After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S 45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately.
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 891 mg/kg SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: PTOSIS: EYE
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
BEHAVIORAL: COMA BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. Vol. 14-4/1970
intravenous-rat LD50 360 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA Pharmacological Research Communications. Vol. 5, Pg. 341, 1973.
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 866 mg/kg National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB195-158
oral-mouse LD50 1500 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Pharmacological Research Communications. Vol. 5, Pg. 341, 1973.
intravenous-mouse LD50 420 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP Pharmacological Research Communications. Vol. 5, Pg. 341, 1973.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 950 mg/kg Progress in Biochemical Pharmacology. Vol. 1, Pg. 542, 1965.
oral-guinea pig LDLo 4000 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Journal of Physiology. Vol. 17, Pg. 272, 1894.
intravenous-dog LD50 880 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION
CARDIAC: CHANGE IN RATE Toxicology. Vol. 4, Pg. 165, 1975.
parenteral-frog LDLo 870 mg/kg "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 695, 1948.
intraperitoneal-guinea pig LDLo 870 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR
BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC Journal of Physiology. Vol. 17, Pg. 272, 1894.
oral-mammal (species unspecified) LD50 1500 mg/kg Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 32(10), Pg. 25, 1988.
intraperitoneal-rabbit LDLo 15 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE) Journal of Infectious Diseases. Vol. 42, Pg. 473, 1928.
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Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 1121 mg/kg GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
LIVER: OTHER CHANGES BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. Vol. 14-4/1970
subcutaneous-rat LD50 866 mg/kg Clinical Toxicology. Vol. 4, Pg. 185, 1971.
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 1250 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA Pharmacological Research Communications. Vol. 5, Pg. 341, 1973.
skin-guinea pig LD50 1000 mg/kg "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 839, 1986.
subcutaneous-rabbit LDLo 800 mg/kg "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 695, 1948.
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
inhalation-rat LC50 28500 mg/m3/1H LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. Vol. 14-4/1970
inhalation-mammal (species unspecified) LC50 10000 mg/m3 Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 32(10), Pg. 25, 1988.
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | natural substances and extractives |
Recommendation for pyridine usage levels up to: | | not for fragrance use.
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Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 0.40000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 1.00000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | - |
condiments / relishes: | - | - |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | 0.02000 | 0.12000 |
fruit ices: | 0.02000 | 0.12000 |
gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | - | 0.40000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | - |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| azine | aza | benzene | | piridina | | pirydyna | | pyridin | | pyridine (water 0.05% max) | | pyridine (water 0.10% max.) | | pyridine ACS | | pyridine anhydrous (water <50 ppm) |
Articles:
Info: | Volatile Flavor Components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong Cultivars of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) |
PubMed: | An expedient synthesis of linden ether. |
PubMed: | Aroma chemistry of African Oryza glaberrima and Oryza sativa rice and their interspecific hybrids. |
PubMed: | Impact of aqueous doash extract on urinary mutagenicity in rats exposed to heterocyclic amines. |
PubMed: | A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of cigarette ingredients: heterocyclic nitrogen compounds. |
PubMed: | Analysis of pyridines in mainstream cigarette smoke. |
PubMed: | Thresholds of carcinogenicity of flavors. |
PubMed: | Interactions of flavor compounds with pectic substances. |
PubMed: | Volatile Flavor Compounds Produced by Molds of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fungi imperfecti. |
PubMed: | Aroma chemistry of African Oryza glaberrima and Oryza sativa rice and their interspecific hybrids. |
PubMed: | Stability of ceftazidime in 1% and 5% buffered eye drops determined with HPLC method. |
PubMed: | Drosophila PQBP1 regulates learning acquisition at projection neurons in aversive olfactory conditioning. |
PubMed: | 4-Pyridyl carbonyl compounds as thrips lures: effectiveness for Western flower thrips in y-tube bioassays. |
PubMed: | Children's hedonic responses to the odors of alcoholic beverages: a window to emotions. |
PubMed: | The human brain distinguishes between single odorants and binary mixtures. |
PubMed: | Mechanisms of increased airway sensitivity to occupational chemicals and odors. |
PubMed: | Olfactometric determination of the most potent odor-active compounds in salmon muscle (Salmo salar) smoked by using four smoke generation techniques. |
PubMed: | Biotreatment of waste gas containing pyridine in a biofilter. |
PubMed: | Identification of components responsible for the odor of cigar smoker's breath. |
PubMed: | Olfactory sensitivity in medical laboratory workers occupationally exposed to organic solvent mixtures. |
PubMed: | Analytical determination of the suitability of different processes for the treatment of odorous waste gas. |
PubMed: | Chemosensory perception and event-related potentials in self-reported chemical hypersensitivity. |
PubMed: | Minimal olfactory perception during sleep: why odor alarms will not work for humans. |
PubMed: | Controlled exposures to volatile organic compounds in sensitive groups. |
PubMed: | Functional MRI of congenital hyposmia: brain activation to odors and imagination of odors and tastes. |
PubMed: | Lateralization of brain activation to imagination and smell of odors using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): left hemispheric localization of pleasant and right hemispheric localization of unpleasant odors. |
PubMed: | Effects of pleasant and unpleasant ambient odors on human voice pitch. |
PubMed: | Physiologically initiated and inhibited phantosmia: cyclic unirhinal, episodic, recurrent phantosmia revealed by brain fMRI. |
PubMed: | Odor perception: multiple chemical sensitivities, chronic fatigue, and asthma. |
PubMed: | Taste and smell phantoms revealed by brain functional MRI (fMRI). |
PubMed: | Mapping brain activation to odorants in patients with smell loss by functional MRI. |
PubMed: | Olfactory dysfunction for pyridine and dementia progression in Alzheimer disease. |
PubMed: | Magnitude estimation of perceived odor intensity: empirical and theoretical properties. |
PubMed: | An interaction model for odor quality and intensity. |
PubMed: | Odor-intensity interaction in binary and ternary mixtures. |
PubMed: | Odor-intensity interaction in binary mixtures. |
PubMed: | Olfaction in migraineurs. |
PubMed: | Influence of adrenalectomy on the odor detection performance of rats. |
PubMed: | Thresholds for odor and nasal pungency. |
PubMed: | Changes in sensitivity to the odor of androstenone during adolescence. |
PubMed: | Olfactory adaptation and recovery in old age. |
PubMed: | A quantitative analysis of sniffing strategies in rats performing odor detection tasks. |
PubMed: | A comparison of odor perception in smokers, nonsmokers, and passive smokers. |
PubMed: | Impaired odor perception in tank cleaners. |
PubMed: | Ability to smell androstenone is genetically determined. |
PubMed: | Testing a perceptual constancy model for odor strength: the effects of sniff pressure and resistance to sniffing. |
PubMed: | Odor quality: semantically generated multidimensional profiles are stable. |
PubMed: | Olfactory detection thresholds using pyridine, thiophene, and phenethyl alcohol. |
PubMed: | The pyridine scale for clinical measurement of olfactory threshold: a quantitative reevaluation. |
PubMed: | Perceived odor intensity as a function of air flow through the nose. |
PubMed: | Olfactory self- and cross-adaptation: effects of time of adaptation on perceived odor intensity. |
PubMed: | Volatile Flavor Compounds Produced by Molds of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fungi imperfecti. |
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