Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | white solid (est) |
Assay: | 99.00 to 100.00 %
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Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 0.85700 @ 25.00 °C.
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Refractive Index: | 1.44000 @ 20.00 °C.
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Melting Point: | 24.00 to 26.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Boiling Point: | 192.00 to 193.00 °C. @ 10.00 mm Hg
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Boiling Point: | 303.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Vapor Pressure: | 0.000070 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Vapor Density: | >1 ( Air = 1 ) |
Flash Point: | 230.00 °F. TCC ( 110.00 °C. )
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logP (o/w): | 7.918 (est) |
Shelf Life: | 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 0.00371 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Insoluble in: |
| water |
Similar Items: note |
isoamyl palmitate |
butyl palmitate |
isobutyl palmitate |
carvyl palmitate |
3-hexen-1-yl palmitate |
methyl palmitate |
pentyl palmitate |
propyl palmitate |
isopropyl palmitate |
Organoleptic Properties:
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Odor Type: waxy |
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Odor Strength: | low |
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Substantivity: | 108 |
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| waxy fruity creamy milky balsamic greasy oily |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | mild waxy fruity creamy milky balsamic greasy oily Luebke, William tgsc, (2021 |
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| waxy fruity creamy milky balsamic |
Odor Description:
| Waxy, fruity, creamy and milky with a balsamic nuance Mosciano, Gerard P&F 22, No. 2, 69, (1997) |
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Flavor Type: waxy |
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| waxy creamy dairy fermented buttery oily balsamic vanilla |
Taste Description:
| waxy creamy dairy fermented buttery oily balsamic vanilla Luebke, William tgsc, (2021 |
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| waxy fruity creamy fermented vanilla balsamic |
Taste Description: at 30.00 ppm. | Waxy, fruity, creamy and fermented with a vanilla, balsamic nuance Mosciano, Gerard P&F 22, No. 2, 69, (1997) |
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Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Bedoukian Research |
ETHYL PALMITATE ≥99.0%, Kosher |
Odor Description: | soft, waxy Used for a somewhat balsamic note in vanilla or other sweet fragrances. |
Taste Description: | Fatty, waxy Great for dairy type flavors. Also can be used for a variety of distilled spirits including whiskey, brandy and wine. |
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Alfrebro |
ETHYL PALMITATE NATURAL |
Odor Description: | Mild, Waxy |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Advanced Biotech |
ETHYL PALMITATE NATURAL
99% min. Odor: mild waxy |
Alfrebro |
ETHYL PALMITATE NATURAL
Odor: Mild, Waxy |
Augustus Oils |
Ethyl Palmitate
|
Services |
Aurochemicals |
ETHYL PALMITATE, Natural
|
Axxence Aromatic |
ETHYL PALMITATE Natural
Kosher |
Sustainability |
Bedoukian Research |
ETHYL PALMITATE
≥99.0%, Kosher Odor: soft, waxy Use: Used for a somewhat balsamic note in vanilla or other sweet fragrances. Flavor: Fatty, waxy Great for dairy type flavors. Also can be used for a variety of distilled spirits including whiskey, brandy and wine. |
BOC Sciences |
For experimental / research use only. |
ETHYL PALMITATE >98%
|
EMD Millipore |
For experimental / research use only. |
Ethyl Palmitate
|
Ernesto Ventós |
ETHYL PALMITATE NATURAL
Odor: MILD, WAXY |
Ernesto Ventós |
ETHYL PALMITATE NATURAL
|
Excellentia International |
Ethyl Palmitate Natural
|
Fleurchem |
ethyl palmitate natural
|
Indukern F&F |
ETHYL PALMITATE
Odor: SMOOTH, WAX, FATTY |
Inoue Perfumery |
ETHYL PALMITATE
|
Jiangyin Healthway |
Ethyl Palmitate
|
New functional food ingredients |
Kingchem Laboratories |
ETHYL PALMITATE
Odor: Very faint, waxy odor, extremely mild and sweet |
Lluch Essence |
ETHYL PALMITATE NATURAL
|
Lluch Essence |
ETHYL PALMITATE
|
M&U International |
NAT. ETHYL PALMITATE
|
Moellhausen |
ETHYL PALMITATE
|
Natural Advantage |
Ethyl Palmitate Nat
Flavor: creamy, fruity, sweet, waxy |
Riverside Aromatics LTD.is the exclusive distributor for Europe in UK for any non-US based inquiries |
Penta International |
ETHYL PALMITATE NATURAL
|
Penta International |
ETHYL PALMITATE
|
Prodasynth |
ETHYL PALMITATE, NATURAL
(> 96%) Odor: MILD, WAXY |
Prodasynth |
ETHYL PALMITATE
(> 95%) Odor: MILD, WAXY |
Reincke & Fichtner |
Ethyl Palmitate
|
Santa Cruz Biotechnology |
For experimental / research use only. |
Ethyl Palmitate ≥98%
|
Sigma-Aldrich |
Ethyl palmitate, ≥95%, FG
Odor: mild waxy |
Certified Food Grade Products |
Sigma-Aldrich |
Ethyl palmitate, natural (US), ≥95%, FG
|
SRS Aromatics |
ETHYL PALMITATE
|
Stearinerie Dubois |
DUB PE P
|
Synerzine |
ETHYL PALMITATE, NATURAL
|
Synerzine |
Ethyl Palmitate
|
TCI AMERICA |
For experimental / research use only. |
Ethyl Palmitate >97.0%(GC)
|
Vigon International |
Ethyl Palmitate Natural
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WEN International |
ETHYL PALMITATE Natural
|
WholeChem |
Ethyl Palmitate
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Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View |
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | None - None found. |
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
Recommendation for ethyl palmitate usage levels up to: | | 15.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
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Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3. Update in publication number(s): 29, 30 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | 20.00000 | 20.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | 0.02000 | 0.20000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | 0.30000 | 5.00000 |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | 0.10000 | 0.10000 |
condiments / relishes: | - | - |
confectionery froastings: | 0.05000 | 0.20000 |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | 20.00000 | 20.00000 |
fruit ices: | - | - |
gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | 40.00000 | 40.00000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | 0.10000 | 0.30000 |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | - |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | 3.00000 | 5.00000 |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of straight-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes (chemical group 1) when used as flavourings for all animal species View page or View pdf |
EPI System: | View |
AIDS Citations: | Search |
Cancer Citations: | Search |
Toxicology Citations: | Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 628-97-7 |
EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 12366 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
WGK Germany: | 3 |
| ethyl hexadecanoate |
Chemidplus: | 0000628977 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| ethyl cetylate | | ethyl hexadecanoate | | ethyl palmitate natural | | ethyl palmitate, natural | | ethylhexadecanoate | | hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester | | hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester | | palmitic acid ethyl ester | | palmitic acid, ethyl ester |
Articles:
PubMed: | Quantification of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in meconium for detection of alcohol abuse during pregnancy: Correlation study between both biomarkers. |
PubMed: | Testing for ethanol markers in hair: Discrepancies after simultaneous quantification of ethyl glucuronide and fatty acid ethyl esters. |
PubMed: | [Study on the chemical constituents of Viscum ovalifolium]. |
PubMed: | Fatty acid ethyl esters in hair: correlation with self-reported ethanol intake in 160 subjects and influence of estroprogestin therapy. |
PubMed: | A SPME-GC/MS Procedure for the Determination of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Hair for Confirmation of Abstinence Test Results. |
PubMed: | [Study on the constituents of essential oil of Shunaoxin dropping pills by GC-MS]. |
PubMed: | Meconium fatty acid ethyl esters as biomarkers of late gestational ethanol exposure and indicator of ethanol-induced multi-organ injury in fetal sheep. |
PubMed: | Fatty acid ethyl esters induce intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction via a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism in a three-dimensional cell culture model. |
PubMed: | Effects of ethanol and long-chain ethyl ester concentrations on volatile partitioning in a whisky model system. |
PubMed: | Volatile constituents of roasted tigernut oil (Cyperus esculentus L.). |
PubMed: | Anti-inflammatory activity of methyl palmitate and ethyl palmitate in different experimental rat models. |
PubMed: | Effects of ethanol metabolites on exocytosis of pancreatic acinar cells in rats. |
PubMed: | [Screening and identifying of hepatoprotective compounds in paeoniae radix rubra]. |
PubMed: | A new method for quantifying prenatal exposure to ethanol by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of meconium followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). |
PubMed: | Saturated fatty acid and TLR signaling link β cell dysfunction and islet inflammation. |
PubMed: | [Phylogenetic diversity characteristics of soil bacteria producing nematode-attracting volatiles and identification of their active compounds]. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity studies on S. erianthum and S. macranthum essential oils. |
PubMed: | Enzymatic synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters by utilizing camellia oil soapstocks and diethyl carbonate. |
PubMed: | De novo biosynthesis of biodiesel by Escherichia coli in optimized fed-batch cultivation. |
PubMed: | Detection of fatty acid ethyl esters in skin surface lipids as biomarkers of ethanol consumption in alcoholics, social drinkers, light drinkers, and teetotalers using a methodology based on microwave-assisted extraction followed by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Determination of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair by GC-MS and application in a population of cocaine users. |
PubMed: | An improved method for rapidly quantifying fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium suitable for prenatal alcohol screening. |
PubMed: | Quantitation of fatty acid ethyl esters in human meconium by an improved liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Determination of eight fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Domain growth, pattern formation, and morphology transitions in Langmuir monolayers. A new growth instability. |
PubMed: | Quantification of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in meconium from newborns for detection of alcohol abuse in a maternal health evaluation study. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition of French mimosa absolute oil. |
PubMed: | Fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations in hair and self-reported alcohol consumption in 644 cases from different origin. |
PubMed: | In vitro study of antibacterial activity on multi-resistant bacteria and chemical composition of the chloroform extract of endemic Centaurea drabifolia subsp. cappadocica. |
PubMed: | Enrichment of amaranth oil with ethyl palmitate at the sn-2 position by chemical and enzymatic synthesis. |
PubMed: | Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium: assessment of prenatal exposure to alcohol in two European cohorts. |
PubMed: | [Immobilized lipase catalyzed synthesis of vitamin A plamitate]. |
PubMed: | Fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium are associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes to two years of age. |
PubMed: | Determination of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair: a promising way for retrospective detection of alcohol abuse during pregnancy? |
PubMed: | Prevalence of fetal ethanol exposure in a regional population-based sample by meconium analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters. |
PubMed: | Ethanol contamination leads to Fatty acid ethyl esters in hair samples. |
PubMed: | [Extraction and identification of volatile constituents in the flowers of Aglaia odorata Lour]. |
PubMed: | Lipase-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of steryl (6'-O-acyl)glucosides. |
PubMed: | Controlling for serum albumin level improves the correlation between serum fatty acid ethyl esters and blood ethanol level. |
PubMed: | Microdiesel: Escherichia coli engineered for fuel production. |
PubMed: | Cyclic fatty acid monomer formation in domestic frying of frozen foods in sunflower oil and high oleic acid sunflower oil without oil replenishment. |
PubMed: | Pattern formation and morphology evolution in Langmuir monolayers. |
PubMed: | Rapid, accurate, and sensitive fatty acid ethyl ester determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | [Evaluation of the effects of glycosylation on in vivo survival of cold-storage human platelets by using rabbit model]. |
PubMed: | Fatty acid ethyl esters, nonoxidative ethanol metabolites, synthesis, uptake, and hydrolysis by human platelets. |
PubMed: | Fatty acid ethyl esters: markers of alcohol abuse and alcoholism. |
PubMed: | Photodecomposition of retinyl palmitate in ethanol by UVA light-formation of photodecomposition products, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxides. |
PubMed: | Unusual pheromone chemistry in the navel orangeworm: novel sex attractants and a behavioral antagonist. |
PubMed: | Induction of apoptosis by fatty acid ethyl esters in HepG2 cells. |
PubMed: | Comparison of ethyl glucuronide and fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations in hair of alcoholics, social drinkers and teetotallers. |
PubMed: | Squalene in hair--a natural reference substance for the improved interpretation of fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations with respect to alcohol misuse. |
PubMed: | Wipe-test and patch-test for alcohol misuse based on the concentration ratio of fatty acid ethyl esters and squalene CFAEE/CSQ in skin surface lipids. |
PubMed: | Analysis of insecticidal Azadirachta indica A. Juss. fractions. |
PubMed: | A covalently linked recombinant albumin dimer is more rapidly cleared in vivo than are wild-type and mutant C34A albumin. |
PubMed: | Concentration of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair of alcoholics: comparison to other biological state markers and self reported-ethanol intake. |
PubMed: | Stearic acid stimulates FA ethyl ester synthesis in HepG2 cells exposed to ethanol. |
PubMed: | Electrophysiological responses of female and male Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) to Swietenia macrophylla essential oils. |
PubMed: | Fatty Acid ethyl esters in scalp, pubic, axillary, beard and body hair as markers for alcohol misuse. |
PubMed: | Effect of hair care and hair cosmetics on the concentrations of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair as markers of chronically elevated alcohol consumption. |
PubMed: | Neonatal hair analysis as a biomarker for in utero alcohol exposure. |
PubMed: | A rabbit model for monitoring in vivo viability of human platelet concentrates using flow cytometry. |
PubMed: | Negative effective surface viscosities in insoluble fatty acid monolayers: effect of phase transitions on dilational viscoelasticity. |
PubMed: | Assessment of omega-fatty-acid-supplemented human platelets for potential improvement in long-term storage. |
PubMed: | Fatty acid ethyl esters in hair as markers of alcohol consumption. Segmental hair analysis of alcoholics, social drinkers, and teetotalers. |
PubMed: | Identification of chemical components of corn kernel pericarp wax associated with resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin production. |
PubMed: | Analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair as possible markers of chronically elevated alcohol consumption by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). |
PubMed: | Interactions and reactions of monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers with compounds in the bulk phase. |
PubMed: | Differences in the fatty acid composition of fatty acid ethyl esters in organs and their secretions. |
PubMed: | A kinetic study of the synthesis of ascorbate fatty acid esters catalysed by immobilized lipase in organic media. |
PubMed: | New phenylethanoids from Buddleja cordata subsp. cordata. |
PubMed: | Independent synthesis of aminophospholipid-linked maillard products. |
PubMed: | Are there possibilities for the detection of chronically elevated alcohol consumption by hair analysis? A report about the state of investigation. |
PubMed: | Reduction of blood loss by infusion of human platelets in a rabbit kidney injury model. |
PubMed: | Role of macrophages in experimental malaria: V--Effect of ethyl palmitate on macrophages in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. |
PubMed: | Formation of fatty acid ethyl esters in rat liver microsomes. Evidence for a key role for acyl-CoA: ethanol O-acyltransferase. |
PubMed: | Survival of fresh human platelets in a rabbit model as traced by flow cytometry. |
PubMed: | [Preventive effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on cholesterol gallstone formation in hamsters]. |
PubMed: | The drinker's pancreas: molecular mechanisms emerge. |
PubMed: | Pancreatic injury in rats induced by fatty acid ethyl ester, a nonoxidative metabolite of alcohol. |
PubMed: | The distribution of fatty acid ethyl esters among lipoproteins and albumin in human serum. |
PubMed: | Ethyl palmitate and ethyl oleate are the predominant fatty acid ethyl esters in the blood after ethanol ingestion and their synthesis is differentially influenced by the extracellular concentrations of their corresponding fatty acids. |
PubMed: | Oviposition response ofLobesia botrana females to long-chain free fatty acids and esters from its eggs. |
PubMed: | Low-density lipoprotein reconstituted with fatty acid ethyl esters as a physiological vehicle for ethyl ester delivery to intact cells. |
PubMed: | Interaction of alpha-tocopherol with copper and its effect on lipid peroxidation. |
PubMed: | Utilization of high-performance liquid chromatography as an enrichment step for the determination of cyclic fatty acid monomers in heated fats and biological samples. |
PubMed: | Assessment of the hemostatic effectiveness of human platelets treated with aminomethyltrimethyl psoralen and UV A light using a rabbit ear bleeding time technique. |
PubMed: | Semiochemical basis of infestation of honey bee brood byVarroa jacobsoni. |
PubMed: | Mandibular gland secretions of the male beewolvesPhilanthus crabroniformis, P. barbatus, andP. pulcher (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). |
PubMed: | The metabolism of ethyl esters of fatty acids in adipose tissue of rats chronically exposed to ethanol. |
PubMed: | Ethanol-induced fatty acid ethyl ester formation in vivo and in vitro in rat lung. |
PubMed: | [GC-MS analysis of essential oil from flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb]. |
PubMed: | Stimulation of phagocytic activity of leukocytes and macrophages by traxanox sodium in mice and rats. |
PubMed: | Proteins, nucleic acids and lipids of rat liver and spleen after experimental "chemical splenectomy" induced by intravenous injection of an ethyl palmitate emulsion. |
PubMed: | Effect of a perfluorocarbon emulsion (Fluosol-DA) on reticuloendothelial system clearance function. |
PubMed: | Experimental elimination of the splenic function by ethyl and methyl palmitate and significance of these substances from an immunological point of view. |
PubMed: | Erythrocyte survival and haematocrit values in rats after i.v. application of ethyl palmitate and methyl palmitate emulsions. |
PubMed: | Experimental elimination of the splenic function by an intravenous injection of ethyl palmitate emulsion in Wistar rats. |
PubMed: | The dual role of macrophages in the sporozoite-induced malaria infection. A hypothesis. |
PubMed: | The effect of intravenous injection of ethyl palmitate emulsion on sequestration of thermally damaged erythrocytes in rats with experimentally induced hypersplenism, and in normal rats. |
PubMed: | Survival of human 51Cr erythrocytes in guinea-pigs. |
PubMed: | Comparison of stationary phases in reversed-phase TLC for correlation between structure and biological response of probiotics. |
PubMed: | Incorporation of [14C]-L-leucine in splenic and hepatic tissue of rats "chemically splenectomized" by ethyl palmitate. |
PubMed: | 'Chemical' splenectomy and the number of haematopoietic stem cells. |
PubMed: | Effects of ascorbic acid on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient erythrocytes: studies in an animal model. |
PubMed: | The inhibitory effect of methyl palmitate on heteroagglutinin formation in rats. |
PubMed: | Oxygen-dependent circulation of sickle erythrocytes. |
PubMed: | Effects of an i. v. injection of ethyl palmitate emulsion on nucleic acids and fat content of the liver. |
PubMed: | Correction of the permeability defect in hereditary stomatocytosis by dimethyl adipimidate. |
PubMed: | Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of beta-asarone in wines and flavors. |
PubMed: | Autoantibody formation against spleen in rats 'chemically splenectomized' by ethyl palmitate. |
PubMed: | The formation of heteroagglutinins in rats "chemically" splenectomized by ethyl palmitate, in comparison to animals surgically splenectomized. |
PubMed: | Histological effects of lipids on the liver and spleen of mice. |
PubMed: | Effects of simple lipids on macrophages in vitro. |
PubMed: | Ethyl palmitate-induced "experimental splenectomy" in wistar rats. |
PubMed: | Mechanism of ethyl palmitate and cobra venom factor enhancement of heterologous erythrocyte survival. |
PubMed: | Studies on liver blood flow and phagocytic activity of reticuloendothelial system in dogs treated with ethyl palmitate. |
PubMed: | The effect of ethyl palmitate on the liver blood flow and phagocytic activity of RES in dogs. |
PubMed: | Studies on the effect of ethyl palmitate on the inhibition of erythrophagocytosis in dogs. |
PubMed: | Ethyl palmitate-induced bartonellosis as an index of functional splenic ablation. |
PubMed: | Radiological visualization of ethyl palmitate induced splenic atrophy. |
PubMed: | Study of the mechanism of ethyl palmitate-induced splenic destruction. |
PubMed: | The effects of a cobra venom factor and ethyl palmitate on the prolongation of survival of heterologous erythrocytes. |
PubMed: | Ethyl palmitate-induced splenic destruction. |
PubMed: | [Protective effect of ethyl palmitate in roentgen-irradiated mice]. |
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