Category: fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless clear oily liquid (est) |
Assay: | 48.00 to 52.00 %
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Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 0.94200 to 0.95300 @ 25.00 °C.
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Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 7.838 to 7.930
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Refractive Index: | 1.49200 to 1.50300 @ 20.00 °C.
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Boiling Point: | 127.00 to 136.00 °C. @ 2.00 mm Hg
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Vapor Pressure: | 5.450000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Flash Point: | > 212.00 °F. TCC ( > 100.00 °C. )
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logP (o/w): | 6.230 |
Shelf Life: | 36.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | dipropylene glycol | | paraffin oil | | water, 0.1943 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Insoluble in: |
| water |
Stability: |
| acid clearner | | alcoholic lotion | | antiperspirant | | bleach | | deo stick | | detergent | | fabric softener | | hard surface cleaner | | shampoo | | soap |
Organoleptic Properties:
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Odor Type: musk |
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Odor Strength: | medium |
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Substantivity: | 400 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
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| sweet floral musk |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | strong diffusive sweet floral musk Luebke, William tgsc, (1987) |
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Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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IFF |
Galaxolide® 50% IPM |
Odor Description: | A clean, powerful and versatile iso-chroman musk having exceptional persistence and a superb fragrance quality approaching the tone of macrocyclic musks |
|
Pell Wall Perfumes |
Galaxolide 50 (IPM) |
Odor Description: | Musk, sweet, fresh, powdery, clean Together with Hedione, Methyl Ionone Gamma, and Iso E Super, in roughly equal proportions, it is a key component of the so-called “Grojsman accord” – more aptly named “hug me” by the perfumer herself: undeniably one of the most influential in modern perfumery. Sophia Grojsman first developed the accord for a perfume she made for herself. It took the world of feminine perfume by storm after being incorporated in a number of early 1990’s hits: first and most importantly in Grojsman’s Tresor (Lancôme, 1990), but then in her Spellbound (Lauder, 1991), in Michel Almairac’s Casmir (Chopard, 1991), Maurice Roger’s Dune (Dior, 1991), and so on. (S&C)
Besides its diffusive, linear and instantly recognizable character, the accord is exceptionally transparent and versatile: even in large doses – sometimes more than 3/4 of the formula -, the characteristic effect of the accord can be introduced in a nearly limitless range of landscapes, without silencing its surroundings. The accord also takes well to modifications in the proportions between its components, further expanding the its potential uses while preserving much of its distinctive smell. Tresor itself is a case in point, with the Hedione content at around a third of that of the other 3 ingredients. |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Agan Aroma and Fine Chemicals |
Astromusk IPM
Odor: Powerful, clean, Persistent Musk |
Associate Allied Chemicals |
Galaxolide 50% IPM
|
About |
Augustus Oils |
Galaxolide 50 Ipm
|
Services |
Azelis UK |
GALAXOLIDE 50 PCT IPM
|
Ernesto Ventós |
GALAXOLIDE 50 IPM IFF
Odor: POWERFUL, CLEAN MUSK |
Ernesto Ventós |
MUSK G 50 IPM
|
Global Essence |
Musk G 50% in IPM
|
IFF |
Galaxolide® 50% IPM
Odor: A clean, powerful and versatile iso-chroman musk having exceptional persistence and a superb fragrance quality approaching the tone of macrocyclic musks |
Indukern F&F |
GALAXOLIDE 50 IPM
Odor: MUSK, POWERFUL, FLORAL, WOODY |
K.L. Koh Enterprise |
MUSK G IPM
|
Kun Shan P&A |
Galaxolide 50IPM
|
Lluch Essence |
MUSK 50% IPM
|
M&U International |
Galaxolide 50 IPM
|
M&U International |
Galaxolide with IMP
|
Moellhausen |
MUSK S (50%IPM)
|
OQEMA |
Musk-G 50 IPM
|
PCW France |
Musc 50IPM
|
Steps to a fragranced product |
Pell Wall Perfumes |
Galaxolide 50 (IPM)
Odor: Musk, sweet, fresh, powdery, clean Use: Together with Hedione, Methyl Ionone Gamma, and Iso E Super, in roughly equal proportions, it is a key component of the so-called “Grojsman accord” – more aptly named “hug me” by the perfumer herself: undeniably one of the most influential in modern perfumery. Sophia Grojsman first developed the accord for a perfume she made for herself. It took the world of feminine perfume by storm after being incorporated in a number of early 1990’s hits: first and most importantly in Grojsman’s Tresor (Lancôme, 1990), but then in her Spellbound (Lauder, 1991), in Michel Almairac’s Casmir (Chopard, 1991), Maurice Roger’s Dune (Dior, 1991), and so on. (S&C)
Besides its diffusive, linear and instantly recognizable character, the accord is exceptionally transparent and versatile: even in large doses – sometimes more than 3/4 of the formula -, the characteristic effect of the accord can be introduced in a nearly limitless range of landscapes, without silencing its surroundings. The accord also takes well to modifications in the proportions between its components, further expanding the its potential uses while preserving much of its distinctive smell. Tresor itself is a case in point, with the Hedione content at around a third of that of the other 3 ingredients. |
Penta International |
GALAXOLIDE 50% IN I.P.M.
|
Perfumery Laboratory |
GALAXOLID® IFF 50% in IPM (GALAXOLIDE® IFF 50% IPM)
Odor: A pure, powerful and versatile macrocyclic musk with an excellent aroma. |
Phoenix Aromas & Essential Oils |
Musk G 50% I.P.M.
|
Prodasynth |
MUSK G 50 IPM
(GALAXOLIDE 48-52%; IPM < 4 Odor: POWERFUL, CLEAN MUSK |
Taytonn ASCC |
Galaxolide® 50 IPM
|
The Good Scents Company |
musk gx 50% in IPM
Odor: strong diffusive sweet floral musk |
The John D. Walsh Company |
Galaxolide 50 IPM
|
The Lermond Company |
MUSK G 50 IPM
|
The Perfumers Apprentice |
Galaxolide 50% (IPM)
Odor: strong diffusive sweet floral musk |
Vigon International |
Musk G 50% in IPM
|
Zanos |
Astromusk IPM
Odor: Powerful, Clean, Persistent Musk |
Safety Information:
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | Xi N - Irritant, Dangerous for the environment. |
R 38 - Irritating to skin. R 50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24 - Avoid contact with skin. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H400 Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H410
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GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Signal word | Warning |
Hazard statement(s) |
H400 - Very toxic to aquatic life H410 - Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
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Precautionary statement(s) |
P273 - Avoid release to the environment. P391 - Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.
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Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LDLo 3250 mg/kg Deutsche Lebensmittel - Rundschau. Vol. 94, Pg. 268, 1998.
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Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Deutsche Lebensmittel - Rundschau. Vol. 94, Pg. 268, 1998.
skin-rabbit LD > 3250 mg/kg Deutsche Lebensmittel - Rundschau. Vol. 94, Pg. 268, 1998.
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | fragrance agents |
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
Recommendation for musk gx 50% in IPM usage levels up to: | | 50.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
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Recommendation for musk gx 50% in IPM flavor usage levels up to: |
| not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 7 (FGE.07): Saturated and unsaturated aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and esters of secondary alcohols and saturated linear or branched-chain carboxylic acids from chemical group 5 View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 63 (FGE.63): Consideration of aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters evaluated by JECFA (59th meeting) structurally related to saturated and unsaturated aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and esters of secondary alcohols and saturated linear or branched-chain carboxylic acids evaluated by EFSA in FGE.07 (2005) (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 7, Revision 1 (FGE.07Rev1): Saturated and unsaturated aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and esters of secondary alcohols and saturated linear or branched-chain carboxylic acids from chemical group 5 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Scientific opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 7, Revision 2 (FGE.07Rev2) : Saturated and unsaturated aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and esters of secondary alcohols and saturated linear or branched-chain carboxylic acids from chemical group 5 View page or View pdf |
EPI System: | View |
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
AIDS Citations: | Search |
Cancer Citations: | Search |
Toxicology Citations: | Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 1222-05-5 |
EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 91497 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
SCCNFP: | opinion |
WGK Germany: | 2 |
| 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta(g)-2-benzopyran 50% in IPM |
Chemidplus: | 0001222055 |
References:
Leffingwell: | Chirality or Article |
| 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta(g)-2-benzopyran 50% in IPM |
NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 1222-05-5 |
Pubchem (cid): | 91497 |
Pubchem (sid): | 135049029 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| galaxolide 50 IPM (IFF) | | galaxolide 50% in I.P.M. (IFF) | | hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl cyclopenta-#-2-benzopyran 50% in IPM | 1,3,4,6,7,8- | hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl cyclopenta-gamma-2-benzopryan 50% in IPM | 1,3,4,6,7,8- | hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl cyclopenta(g)-2-benzopyran 50% in IPM | 1,3,4,6,7,8- | hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta(g)-2-benzopyran 50% in IPM | | hexahydrohexamethyl cyclopentabenzopyran 50% in ipm | | musk 50/ipm | | musk G 50% in IPM | | musk gx 50% in IPM | | musk gx 50% in isopropyl myristate | | musk-G 50 IPM | | polarlide 50 IPM | | polymusk | | polymusk 50% IPM (A.C.S. International) |
Articles:
PubMed: | In vitro Interaction of Emerging Contaminants with the Cytochrome P450 System of Mediterranean Deep-sea Fish. |
PubMed: | Zebrafish Abcb4 is a potential efflux transporter of microcystin-LR. |
PubMed: | Effect of soil HHCB on cadmium accumulation and phytotoxicity in wheat seedlings. |
PubMed: | Monitoring of sixteen fragrance allergens and two polycyclic musks in wastewater treatment plants by solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography. |
PubMed: | Field dissipation of four personal care products in biosolids-amended soils in North China. |
PubMed: | Occurrence and fate of synthetic musk fragrances in a small German river. |
PubMed: | Enantioselective analysis and fate of polycyclic musks in a water recycling plant in Sydney (Australia). |
PubMed: | Retrospective monitoring of persistent organic pollutants, including PCBs, PBDEs, and polycyclic musks in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and sediments from New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, USA: 1991-2005. |
PubMed: | Headspace stir bar sorptive extraction followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry to determine musk fragrances in sludge samples without sample pretreatment. |
PubMed: | Theoretical and experimental evidences of medium range atmospheric transport processes of polycyclic musk fragrances. |
PubMed: | Environmental monitoring of selected pesticides and organic chemicals in urban stormwater recycling systems using passive sampling techniques. |
PubMed: | Development of stir-bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of musks in vegetables and amended soils. |
PubMed: | Determinations of airborne synthetic musks by polyurethane foam coupled with triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometer. |
PubMed: | Concentrations and distribution of synthetic musks and siloxanes in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China. |
PubMed: | The occurrence and fate of chemicals of emerging concern in coastal urban rivers receiving discharge of treated municipal wastewater effluent. |
PubMed: | Simultaneous detection and quantification of select nitromusks, antimicrobial agent, and antihistamine in fish of grocery stores by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Electrochemical conversion of micropollutants in gray water. |
PubMed: | Occurrence and removal of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products in three wastewater-treatment plants. |
PubMed: | Field dissipation and risk assessment of typical personal care products TCC, TCS, AHTN and HHCB in biosolid-amended soils. |
PubMed: | Chemical and toxicological evaluation of transformation products during advanced oxidation processes. |
PubMed: | Ecological risk assessment of urban creek sediments contaminated by untreated domestic wastewater: potential contribution of antimicrobials and a musk fragrance. |
PubMed: | [Effects of HRT on fate of typical polycyclic musk by A2O process]. |
PubMed: | Dispersive micro solid-phase extraction for the rapid analysis of synthetic polycyclic musks using thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | [Polycyclic musks exposure affects gene expression of specific proteins in earthworm Eisenia fetida]. |
PubMed: | Enantiomeric analysis of polycyclic musks in water by chiral gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Disila-galaxolide and derivatives: synthesis and olfactory characterization of silicon-containing derivatives of the musk odorant galaxolide. |
PubMed: | Compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of galaxolide enantiomers in sediment using gas chromatography/isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Biomarkers of human exposure to personal care products: results from the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS 2007-2011). |
PubMed: | Abcb4 acts as multixenobiotic transporter and active barrier against chemical uptake in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. |
PubMed: | Economic valuation of environmental benefits of removing pharmaceutical and personal care products from WWTP effluents by ozonation. |
PubMed: | Disposition and excretion of 14C-AHTN (7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) and 14c-hhcb (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta-gamma-2-benzopyran) after intravenous administration to Sprague-Dawley rats and domestic pigs. |
PubMed: | Investigation of Galaxolide degradation products generated under oxidative and irradiation processes by liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Passive sampling for target and nontarget analyses of moderately polar and nonpolar substances in water. |
PubMed: | Analysis of plasticizers and synthetic musks in cosmetic and personal care products by matrix solid-phase dispersion gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | New analytical method for the determination of musks in personal care products by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe extraction followed by GC-MS. |
PubMed: | Read-across estimates of aquatic toxicity for selected fragrances. |
PubMed: | Contaminants assessment in the coral reefs of Virgin Islands National Park and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument. |
PubMed: | Determination of polycyclic and nitro musks in environmental water samples by means of microextraction by packed sorbents coupled to large volume injection-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. |
PubMed: | Spatial distribution characteristics of polycyclic musks as a chemical marker in river water and sediment compared with other typical pollutants. |
PubMed: | PPCPs wet weather mobilization in a combined sewer in NW Spain. |
PubMed: | Human dermal exposure to galaxolide from personal care products. |
PubMed: | Fate and removal of typical pharmaceuticals and personal care products by three different treatment processes. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of a coagulation/flocculation-lamellar clarifier and filtration-UV-chlorination reactor for removing emerging contaminants at full-scale wastewater treatment plants in Spain. |
PubMed: | Consumption and occurrence of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the aquatic environment in Spain. |
PubMed: | Metabolism of the polycyclic musk galaxolide and its interference with endogenous and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). |
PubMed: | Effects of polycyclic musks HHCB and AHTN on steroidogenesis in H295R cells. |
PubMed: | Genetic analysis of chemosensory traits in human twins. |
PubMed: | Fully automated ionic liquid-based headspace single drop microextraction coupled to GC-MS/MS to determine musk fragrances in environmental water samples. |
PubMed: | Occurrences and potential risks of 16 fragrances in five German sewage treatment plants and their receiving waters. |
PubMed: | Uptake of galaxolide, tonalide, and triclosan by carrot, barley, and meadow fescue plants. |
PubMed: | Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in German fish tissue: a national study. |
PubMed: | Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta-γ-2-benzopyran. |
PubMed: | Optimization and validation of a nonaqueous micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for determination of polycyclic musks in perfumes. |
PubMed: | Oxidative and photochemical processes for the removal of galaxolide and tonalide from wastewater. |
PubMed: | Sources of nutrients impacting surface waters in Florida: a review. |
PubMed: | Spatial and seasonal distribution of synthetic musks in sewage treatment plants of Shanghai, China. |
PubMed: | Musk fragrances, DEHP and heavy metals in a 20 years old sludge treatment reed bed system. |
PubMed: | Inhibition of polyisoprenylated methylated protein methyl esterase by synthetic musks induces cell degeneration. |
PubMed: | Temporal evolution in PPCP removal from urban wastewater by constructed wetlands of different configuration: a medium-term study. |
PubMed: | Occurrence and persistence of organic emerging contaminants and priority pollutants in five sewage treatment plants of Spain: two years pilot survey monitoring. |
PubMed: | A genome-wide study on the perception of the odorants androstenone and galaxolide. |
PubMed: | Spatio-temporal evaluation of organic contaminants and their transformation products along a river basin affected by urban, agricultural and industrial pollution. |
PubMed: | SVOC exposure indoors: fresh look at dermal pathways. |
PubMed: | Simultaneous determination of parabens and synthetic musks in water by stir-bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Membrane assisted solvent extraction coupled to large volume injection-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for trace analysis of synthetic musks in environmental water samples. |
PubMed: | Toxicity assessment of simulated urban runoff containing polycyclic musks and cadmium in Carassius auratus using oxidative stress biomarkers. |
PubMed: | First evidences of the occurrence of polycyclic synthetic musk fragrances in surface water systems in Italy: spatial and temporal trends in the Molgora River (Lombardia Region, Northern Italy). |
PubMed: | Occurrence of synthetic musk fragrances in effluent and non-effluent impacted environments. |
PubMed: | The occurrence of synthetic musks in human breast milk in Sichuan, China. |
PubMed: | Levels of synthetic musk fragrances in human milk from three cities in the Yangtze River Delta in Eastern China. |
PubMed: | Influence of design, physico-chemical and environmental parameters on pharmaceuticals and fragrances removal by constructed wetlands. |
PubMed: | Occurrence and potential crop uptake of emerging contaminants and related compounds in an agricultural irrigation network. |
PubMed: | Comparison of PPCPs removal on a parallel-operated MBR and AS system and evaluation of effluent post-treatment on vertical flow reed beds. |
PubMed: | Fate and removal of permethrin by conventional activated sludge treatment. |
PubMed: | Transformation products and reaction kinetics of fragrances in advanced wastewater treatment with ozone. |
PubMed: | Reprint of: Concentrations, distribution, and bioaccumulation of synthetic musks in the Haihe River of China. |
PubMed: | Simultaneous analysis of select pharmaceuticals and personal care products in fish tissue using pressurized liquid extraction combined with silica gel cleanup. |
PubMed: | Multilevel ecotoxicity assessment of polycyclic musk in the earthworm Eisenia fetida using traditional and molecular endpoints. |
PubMed: | Occurrence and accumulation features of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and synthetic musk compounds in finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) from Korean coastal waters. |
PubMed: | [Ecotoxicity of synthetical musks on wheat (Triticum aestivum) based on seed germination]. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of PPCPs removal in a combined anaerobic digester-constructed wetland pilot plant treating urban wastewater. |
PubMed: | Concentrations, distribution, and bioaccumulation of synthetic musks in the Haihe River of China. |
PubMed: | High-sensitivity analysis of six synthetic musks by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | New developments in the analysis of fragrances and earthy-musty compounds in water by solid-phase microextraction (metal alloy fibre) coupled with gas chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | [Effects of soil HHCB and Cd contamination on the growth of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum) and the pollutants accumulation in plants]. |
PubMed: | Removal of micropollutants from aerobically treated grey water via ozone and activated carbon. |
PubMed: | Occurrence and profiles of organic sun-blocking agents in surface waters and sediments in Japanese rivers and lakes. |
PubMed: | Automatic searching and evaluation of priority and emerging contaminants in wastewater and river water by stir bar sorptive extraction followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Ecotoxicological responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to soil contaminated with HHCB. |
PubMed: | Assessment of synthetic musk fragrances in seven wastewater treatment plants of Beijing, China. |
PubMed: | Acute toxicity, biochemical and gene expression responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to polycyclic musks. |
PubMed: | Synthesis of a molecularly imprinted polymer and its application for microextraction by packed sorbent for the determination of fluoroquinolone related compounds in water. |
PubMed: | Occurrence of polycyclic musks in wastewater and receiving water bodies and fate during wastewater treatment. |
PubMed: | Development of a stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determining synthetic musks in water samples. |
PubMed: | Synthetic musk emissions from wastewater aeration basins. |
PubMed: | Interaction of Galaxolide® with the human and trout estrogen receptor-α. |
PubMed: | Aquatic hazard assessment for pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and endocrine-disrupting compounds from biosolids-amended land. |
PubMed: | Fate of effluent-borne contaminants beneath septic tank drainfields overlying a Karst aquifer. |
PubMed: | Occurrence of synthetic musk fragrances in human blood from 11 cities in China. |
PubMed: | Occurrence of synthetic musks in indoor dust from China and implications for human exposure. |
PubMed: | Seasonal occurrence and behavior of synthetic musks (SMs) during wastewater treatment process in Shanghai, China. |
PubMed: | Occurrence of emerging contaminants, priority substances (2008/105/CE) and heavy metals in treated wastewater and groundwater at Depurbaix facility (Barcelona, Spain). |
PubMed: | Occurrence of emerging contaminants, priority substances (2008/105/CE) and heavy metals in treated wastewater and groundwater at Depurbaix facility (Barcelona, Spain). |
PubMed: | Simultaneous determination of UV filters and polycyclic musks in aqueous samples by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Organic micropollutant degradation in sewage sludge during composting under thermophilic conditions. |
PubMed: | Comprehensive assessment of the design configuration of constructed wetlands for the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from urban wastewaters. |
PubMed: | Development of a thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determining personal care products in air. |
PubMed: | Environmental assessment of anaerobically digested sludge reuse in agriculture: potential impacts of emerging micropollutants. |
PubMed: | Fast determination of synthetic polycyclic musks in sewage sludge and sediments by microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Higher blood concentrations of synthetic musks in women above fifty years than in younger women. |
PubMed: | Occurrence of synthetic musks in Korean sewage sludges. |
PubMed: | Stir-bar-sorptive extraction and liquid desorption combined with large-volume injection gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for ultra-trace analysis of musk compounds in environmental water matrices. |
PubMed: | Ecotoxicological effects of polycyclic musks and cadmium on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum). |
PubMed: | Enantiomeric separation of chiral polycyclic musks by capillary electrophoresis: Application to the analysis of cosmetic samples. |
PubMed: | The interference of nitro- and polycyclic musks with endogenous and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in carp: an in vitro study. |
PubMed: | Individual- and population-level effects of the synthetic musk, HHCB, on the deposit-feeding polychaete, Capitella sp. I. |
PubMed: | Simultaneous determination of trace polycyclic and nitro musks in water samples using optimized solid-phase extraction by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Determination of synthetic polycyclic musks in water by microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Analysis of selected pharmaceutical compounds and endocrine disruptors in municipal wastewater using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography. |
PubMed: | Inputs and distributions of synthetic musk fragrances in an estuarine and coastal environment; a case study. |
PubMed: | Ecotoxicological effects of typical personal care products on seed germination and seedling development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). |
PubMed: | Occurrence of emerging pollutants in urban wastewater and their removal through biological treatment followed by ozonation. |
PubMed: | Sorption behavior of a synthetic antioxidant, polycyclic musk, and an organophosphate insecticide in wastewater sludge. |
PubMed: | Occurrence of brominated flame retardants, polycyclic musks, and chlorinated naphthalenes in seal blubber from Antarctica: comparison to organochlorines. |
PubMed: | [Distribution character of synthetic musks in urban sewage sludges]. |
PubMed: | Temporal and spatial patterns of micropollutants in urban receiving waters. |
PubMed: | Synthetic musks in blood of healthy young adults: relationship to cosmetics use. |
PubMed: | Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in fish: results of a national pilot study in the United States. |
PubMed: | Pre-treatment of hospital wastewater by coagulation-flocculation and flotation. |
PubMed: | Effects of the polycyclic musk HHCB on individual- and population-level endpoints in Potamopyrgus antipodarum. |
PubMed: | Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry screening methods for select UV filters, synthetic musks, alkylphenols, an antimicrobial agent, and an insect repellent in fish. |
PubMed: | Effects of synthetic polycyclic musks on estrogen receptor, vitellogenin, pregnane X receptor, and cytochrome P450 3A gene expression in the livers of male medaka (Oryzias latipes). |
PubMed: | Environmental exposure of pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances in the Somes River before and after upgrading the municipal wastewater treatment plant Cluj-Napoca, Romania. |
PubMed: | Development of a method based on sorbent trapping followed by solid-phase microextraction for the determination of synthetic musks in indoor air. |
PubMed: | Synthetic musks in the aquatic environment and personal care products in Shanghai, China. |
PubMed: | Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and other anthropogenic waste indicators in earthworms from agricultural soil amended with biosolid or swine manure. |
PubMed: | Polycyclic musks in green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) from Hong Kong. |
PubMed: | Synthetic polycyclic musks in Hong Kong sewage sludge. |
PubMed: | Characterizing the passage of personal care products through wastewater treatment processes. |
PubMed: | Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from urban wastewater in a pilot vertical flow constructed wetland and a sand filter. |
PubMed: | Target and nontarget screening of organic micropollutants in water by solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography/high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | The sweet scent on baby's breath? |
PubMed: | Air-sea exchange fluxes of synthetic polycyclic musks in the North Sea and the Arctic. |
PubMed: | Mass fluxes and spatial trends of xenobiotics in the waters of the city of Halle, Germany. |
PubMed: | Biotransformation of the polycyclic musks HHCB and AHTN and metabolite formation by fungi occurring in freshwater environments. |
PubMed: | Hormonal activity of polycyclic musks evaluated by reporter gene assay. |
PubMed: | Chub (Leuciscus cephalus) as a bioindicator of contamination of the Vltava River by synthetic musk fragrances. |
PubMed: | An overview of pharmaceuticals and personal care products contamination along the river Somes watershed, Romania. |
PubMed: | Determination of the solid-water distribution coefficient (Kd) for pharmaceuticals, estrogens and musk fragrances in digested sludge. |
PubMed: | Elimination of the musk fragrances galaxolide and tonalide from wastewater by ozonation and concomitant stripping. |
PubMed: | Concentrations of synthetic musk compounds in personal care and sanitation products and human exposure profiles through dermal application. |
PubMed: | Synthetic musk fragrances in human milk from the United States. |
PubMed: | Sources and transport of selected organic micropollutants in urban groundwater underlying the city of Halle (Saale), Germany. |
PubMed: | Emerging pollutants in the North Sea in comparison to Lake Ontario, Canada, data. |
PubMed: | Bioaccumulation, temporal trend, and geographical distribution of synthetic musks in the marine environment. |
PubMed: | Fate of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. |
PubMed: | Mass flow of polycyclic musks in two wastewater treatment plants. |
PubMed: | Calculation methods to perform mass balances of micropollutants in sewage treatment plants. application to pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs). |
PubMed: | Levels, tissue distribution, and age-related accumulation of synthetic musk fragrances in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis): comparison to organochlorines. |
PubMed: | Persistent organic pollutants, brominated flame retardants and synthetic musks in fish from remote alpine lakes in Switzerland. |
PubMed: | 'Brain aided' musk design. |
PubMed: | Elimination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. |
PubMed: | Synthetic musk fragrances in Lake Erie and Lake Ontario sediment cores. |
PubMed: | Toxicity of synthetic musks to early life stages of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium. |
PubMed: | Retrospective monitoring of synthetic musk compounds in aquatic biota from German rivers and coastal areas. |
PubMed: | Membrane-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of selected polycyclic musk compounds and drugs in water samples. |
PubMed: | The concentrations and distribution of polycyclic musks in a typical cosmetic plant. |
PubMed: | Determination of fragrances at ng/L levels using CLSA and GC/MS detection. |
PubMed: | Excretion and ecotoxicity of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the environment. |
PubMed: | Synthetic musk compounds and effects on human health? |
PubMed: | Analysis of drugs and personal care products in French source and drinking waters: the analytical challenge and examples of application. |
PubMed: | Behaviour of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a sewage treatment plant of northwest Spain. |
PubMed: | A survey of polycyclic musks in selected household commodities from the United States. |
PubMed: | Removal of cosmetic ingredients and pharmaceuticals in sewage primary treatment. |
PubMed: | Polycyclic musk compounds in higher trophic level aquatic organisms and humans from the United States. |
PubMed: | Occurrence of synthetic musk fragrances in marine mammals and sharks from Japanese coastal waters. |
PubMed: | Determination of polycyclic musks in sewage sludge from Guangdong, China using GC-EI-MS. |
PubMed: | Towards Raman optical activity calculations of large molecules. |
PubMed: | Determination of pharmaceuticals, iodinated contrast media and musk fragrances in sludge by LC/tandem MS and GC/MS. |
PubMed: | Estrogenic activity of cosmetic components in reporter cell lines: parabens, UV screens, and musks. |
PubMed: | Blood concentrations of polycyclic musks in healthy young adults. |
PubMed: | Polycyclic musks in the Ruhr catchment area--transport, discharges of waste water, and transformations of HHCB, AHTN and HHCB-lactone. |
PubMed: | Interaction of polycyclic musks and UV filters with the estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), and progesterone receptor (PR) in reporter gene bioassays. |
PubMed: | Determination of musks and other fragrance compounds at ng/L levels using CLSA (closed loop stripping analysis) and GC/MS detection. |
PubMed: | Comparison of the behaviour of selected micropollutants in a membrane bioreactor and a conventional wastewater treatment plant. |
PubMed: | Considerations about the enantioselective transformation of polycyclic musks in wastewater, treated wastewater and sewage sludge and analysis of their fate in a sequencing batch reactor plant. |
PubMed: | Retention characteristics and balance assessment for two polycyclic musk fragrances (HHCB and AHTN) in a typical German sewage treatment plant. |
PubMed: | Investigation on the behaviour of selected pharmaceuticals in the groundwater after infiltration of treated wastewater. |
PubMed: | Behavior of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and hormones in a sewage treatment plant. |
PubMed: | Fatal attraction: synthetic musk fragrances compromise multixenobiotic defense systems in mussels. |
PubMed: | Study of the photoinduced degradation of polycyclic musk compounds by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Synthetic musk toxicity to early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). |
PubMed: | In vitro and in vivo antiestrogenic effects of polycyclic musks in zebrafish. |
PubMed: | Behavior of the polycyclic musks HHCB and AHTN in lakes, two potential anthropogenic markers for domestic wastewater in surface waters. |
PubMed: | Pharmaceutical and personal care products in sewage treatment works. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of Simple Treat 3.0 for two hydrophobic and slowly biodegradable chemicals: polycyclic musks HHCB and AHTN. |
PubMed: | Determination of musk compounds in sewage treatment plant sludge samples by solid-phase microextraction. |
PubMed: | Molecular markers of anthropogenic activity in sediments of the Havel and Spree Rivers (Germany). |
PubMed: | Bioconcentration and acute toxicity of polycyclic musks in two benthic organisms (Chironomus riparius and Lumbriculus variegatus). |
PubMed: | Polycyclic aromatic musk compounds in sewage treatment plant effluents of Canada and Sweden--first results. |
PubMed: | Inhibition of larval development of the marine copepod Acartia tonsa by four synthetic musk substances. |
PubMed: | Effects of four synthetic musks on the life cycle of the harpacticoid copepod Nitocra spinipes. |
PubMed: | Automated storage of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data in a relational database to facilitate compound screening and identification. |
PubMed: | Transcriptional activation of estrogen receptor ERalpha and ERbeta by polycyclic musks is cell type dependent. |
PubMed: | Optimisation of a solid-phase microextraction method for synthetic musk compounds in water. |
PubMed: | Synthetic musks in the environment. Part 2: Enantioselective transformation of the polycyclic musk fragrances HHCB, AHTN, AHDI, and ATII in freshwater fish. |
PubMed: | Synthetic musks in the environment. Part 1: Species-dependent bioaccumulation of polycyclic and nitro musk fragrances in freshwater fish and mussels. |
PubMed: | Polycyclic musk fragrances in fish samples from Berlin waterways, Germany. |
PubMed: | Constructing conformationally constrained macrobicyclic musks. |
PubMed: | Synthetic musks in environmental samples: indicator compounds with relevant properties for environmental monitoring. |
PubMed: | Enantioselectivity of the musk odor sensation. |
PubMed: | Polycyclic musk fragrances in different environmental compartments in Berlin (Germany). |
PubMed: | Optimization of solid-phase microextraction for the gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of synthetic musk fragrances in water samples. |
PubMed: | Aquatic fate assessment of the polycyclic musk fragrance HHCB. Scenario and variability analysis in accordance with the EU risk assessment guidelines. |
PubMed: | Patterns of waking EEG spectral power in chemically intolerant individuals during repeated chemical exposures. |
PubMed: | Nitro musks, nitro musk amino metabolites and polycyclic musks in sewage sludges. Quantitative determination by HRGC-ion-trap-MS/MS and mass spectral characterization of the amino metabolites. |
PubMed: | Genotoxicity tests with 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-gamma-2-benzopyr an. |
PubMed: | Enantiomeric composition of the polycyclic musks HHCB and AHTN in different aquatic species |
PubMed: | Thermodynamic prediction of active ingredient loading in polymeric microparticles. |
PubMed: | Testing of SOS induction of artificial polycyclic musk fragrances in E. coli PQ37 (SOS chromotest). |
PubMed: | Lack of Mutagenicity of Polycyclic Musk Fragrances in Salmonella typhimurium. |
PubMed: | Genotoxicity of polycyclic musk fragrances in the sister-chromatid exchange test. |
PubMed: | In vitro genotoxicity of polycyclic musk fragrances in the micronucleus test. |
PubMed: | Occurrence of nitro and non-nitro benzenoid musk compounds in human adipose tissue. |
PubMed: | EEG and ERP studies of low-level odor exposure in normal subjects. |
PubMed: | Life span changes in the verbal categorization of odors. |
PubMed: | Safety evaluation of four bicyclic musk fragrance-chemicals relative to the neurotoxin, acetyl ethyl tetramethyl tetralin (AETT). |
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