Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | pale yellow to orange yellow liquid (est) |
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Soluble in: |
| water, 5510 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
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Odor Type: alliaceous |
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| sulfurous alliaceous savory onion green onion vegetable |
Odor Description: at 0.10 % in propylene glycol. | sulfury alliaceous savory green onion vegetable |
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| sulfurous alliaceous savory onion green onion resinous vegetable |
Odor Description:
| Sulfureous, alliaceous, savory, green onion and resinous with a vegetative note Mosciano, Gerard P&F 21, No. 4, 51, (1996) |
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Flavor Type: alliaceous |
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| alliaceous sulfurous savory metallic woody green pungent |
Taste Description: at 2.50 ppm. | Alliaceous, sulfureous, savory, metallic, woody, green and pungent Mosciano, Gerard P&F 21, No. 4, 51, (1996) |
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Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
Recommendation for ferula assa-foetida gum oil usage levels up to: | | 0.0100 % in the fragrance concentrate.
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Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 1.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | - |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | - |
condiments / relishes: | - | 10.00000 |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | - |
fruit ices: | - | - |
gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | 1.00000 | 15.00000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | - |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
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For Odor |
No odor group found for these |
3- | benzoyl pyridine | |
| ferula assa-foetida | |
| ferula assa-foetida tincture | |
| vinyl (4-methyl-thiazolyl-2) carbinol | |
| dimethyl trisulfide | FL/FR |
| dipropyl disulfide | FL/FR |
| methyl furfuryl disulfide | FL/FR |
| propyl mercaptan | FL/FR |
chocolate |
2,4,5- | trimethyl thiazole | FL/FR |
citrus |
| grapefruit mercaptan | FL/FR |
| ocimene quintoxide | FL/FR |
coffee |
| coffee difuran | FL/FR |
creamy |
2,3- | butane diol | FR |
earthy |
1- | octen-3-ol | FL/FR |
ethereal |
| ethyl pyruvate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-1-butanol | FL/FR |
5- | methyl-5-hexen-2-one | FL/FR |
| octanoic acid | FL/FR |
floral |
alpha- | damascone | FL/FR |
fruity |
(E)-alpha- | damascone | FL/FR |
(E)-beta- | damascone | FL/FR |
| decen-1-yl cyclopentanone | FL/FR |
| hexanal propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
2- | pentyl furan | FL/FR |
| tropical thiazole | FL/FR |
garlic |
| ferula assa-foetida gum | FL/FR |
green |
| cortex pyridine | FL/FR |
iso | cyclocitral (IFF) | FL/FR |
| ethyl (E)-2-hexenoate | FL/FR |
| geranium thiazole | FL/FR |
(Z)-4- | heptenal | FL/FR |
| hexanal (aldehyde C-6) | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl (E)-crotonate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl formate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl lactate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl pyruvate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl tiglate | FL/FR |
4- | hexenol | FL/FR |
| hexyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| melon nonenoate | FL/FR |
para- | methyl hydratropaldehyde | FL/FR |
2,6- | nonadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
1- | penten-3-ol | FL/FR |
herbal |
iso | dihydrolavandulal | FL/FR |
6- | hydroxydihydrotheaspirane (mixture of isomers) | FL/FR |
| sabinene hydrate | FL/FR |
| meaty dithiane | FL/FR |
melon |
(Z)-6- | nonen-1-ol | FL/FR |
minty |
iso | propyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| hazelnut pyrazine | FL/FR |
nutty |
2- | acetyl-3-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
4,5- | dimethyl-2-ethyl-3-thiazoline | FL/FR |
2- | methyl thio-3,5 or 6-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-3-(methyl thio) pyrazine | FL/FR |
2,4,5- | trimethyl oxazole | FL/FR |
| vinyl sulfurol | FL/FR |
sulfurous |
| allium fistulosum oil | |
| allium ursinum extract | CS |
| benzothiazole | FL/FR |
| buchu mercaptan | FL/FR |
| dimethyl disulfide | FL/FR |
| dimethyl sulfide | FL/FR |
| ferula assa-foetida absolute | FL/FR |
| ferula assa-foetida gum extract | FL/FR |
| grapefruit menthane | FL/FR |
| lychee mercaptan acetate | FL/FR |
| mango thiol | FL/FR |
| methyl 3-(methyl thio) propionate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl 5-(methyl thio) furan | FL/FR |
| methyl mercaptan | FL/FR |
3-( | methyl thio) hexanol | FL/FR |
4- | methyl-1,3-dithiolane | |
| onion oil | FL/FR |
vanilla |
| ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| vanillin | FL/FR |
vegetable |
1- | furfuryl pyrrole | FL/FR |
| mesityl oxide | FL/FR |
| methional | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol | FL/FR |
waxy |
| methyl octanoate | FL/FR |
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For Flavor |
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No flavor group found for these |
| allium fistulosum oil | |
| allyl methyl disulfide | FL |
| allyl methyl trisulfide | FL |
| allyl propyl disulfide | FL |
| allyl propyl sulfide | FL |
| allyl propyl trisulfide | FL |
iso | amyl mercaptan | FL |
iso | butyl mercaptan | FL |
2-(2- | butyl)-4,5-dimethyl-3-thiazoline | FL |
| diethyl trisulfide | FL |
| diisopropyl sulfide | FL |
(Z+E)-2,5- | dimethyl-3-tetrahydrofuran thiol | FL |
(Z+E)-2,5- | dimethyl-3-thioacetoxytetrahydrofuran | FL |
| dipropyl sulfide | FL |
| ethyl methyl trisulfide | FL |
| ethyl propyl disulfide | FL |
| ethyl propyl trisulfide | FL |
2- | ethyl-4,5-dimethyl oxazole | FL |
| furfuryl propyl disulfide | FL |
| heptyl mercaptan | FL |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl (E)-crotonate | FL/FR |
2- | hexenal | FL |
(E)-4- | hexenal | FL |
4- | mercapto-3-methyl-2-butanol | FL |
2- | methyl thiazole | FL |
4-( | methyl thio) butanol | FL |
2-( | methyl thio) methyl-2-butenal | FL |
S- | methyl thiopropionate | FL |
2- | methyl-3-(methyl thio) pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-5-methoxythiazole | FL |
| propenyl propyl disulfide | FL |
iso | propyl disulfide | FL |
2-iso | propyl-3-(methyl thio) pyrazine | FL |
| thiophene | FL |
2,3,5- | trithiahexane | FL |
alliaceous |
| allyl disulfide | FL |
| allyl mercaptan | FL |
| allyl thiopropionate | FL |
| benzyl mercaptan | FL |
1,3- | butane dithiol | FL |
| cyclopentyl mercaptan | FL |
| dicyclohexyl disulfide | FL |
| diethyl disulfide | FL |
| dimethyl trisulfide | FL/FR |
| dipropyl disulfide | FL/FR |
| dipropyl trisulfide | FL |
| leek oil | FL |
3- | mercapto-2-methyl pentanol | FL |
3- | mercapto-2-pentanone | FL |
| methyl 3-mercaptobutanoate | FL |
2- | methyl thioacetaldehyde | FL |
| propyl mercaptan | FL/FR |
| shallot oil | FL |
3- | tetrahydrothiophenone | FL |
| tropical thiazole | FL/FR |
| truffle sulfide | FL |
burnt |
2,4,5- | trimethyl oxazole | FL/FR |
cabbage |
| methyl 2-thiofuroate | FL |
camphoreous |
6- | hydroxydihydrotheaspirane (mixture of isomers) | FL/FR |
citrus |
| grapefruit mercaptan | FL/FR |
coffee |
| coffee difuran | FL/FR |
| methyl furfuryl disulfide | FL/FR |
cooling |
| sabinene hydrate | FL/FR |
corn chip |
2- | acetyl-2-thiazoline | FL |
eggy |
iso | propyl mercaptan | FL |
ethereal |
2- | methyl-1-butanol | FL/FR |
5- | methyl-5-hexen-2-one | FL/FR |
fatty |
(E,E)-2,4- | heptadienal | FL |
2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | octenoic acid | FL |
fruity |
alpha- | damascone | FL/FR |
(E)-alpha- | damascone | FL/FR |
(E)-beta- | damascone | FL/FR |
| decen-1-yl cyclopentanone | FL/FR |
| ethyl (E)-2-hexenoate | FL/FR |
| hexanal propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| hexyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
garlic |
| allyl methyl sulfide | FL |
| ferula assa-foetida gum | FL/FR |
| garlic oleoresin | FL |
green |
3- | benzoyl pyridine | |
| cortex pyridine | FL/FR |
iso | cyclocitral (IFF) | FL/FR |
| dihydroxyacetophenone (mixed isomers) | FL |
| geranium thiazole | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | heptenal | FL |
(Z)-4- | heptenal | FL/FR |
| hexanal (aldehyde C-6) | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl formate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl lactate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl pyruvate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl tiglate | FL/FR |
| melon nonenoate | FL/FR |
para- | methyl hydratropaldehyde | FL/FR |
| methyl octanoate | FL/FR |
3-(5- | methyl-2-furyl) butanal | FL |
2,6- | nonadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
| ocimene quintoxide | FL/FR |
2,4- | octadienal | FL |
4- | penten-1-yl acetate | FL |
1- | penten-3-ol | FL/FR |
2- | pentyl furan | FL/FR |
2- | propyl pyrazine | FL |
iso | propyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| propylene glycol acetone ketal | FL |
herbal |
iso | dihydrolavandulal | FL/FR |
juicy |
| lychee mercaptan acetate | FL/FR |
malty |
| yeast thiazoline | FL |
meaty |
| benzothiazole | FL/FR |
| meaty dithiane | FL/FR |
3- | mercapto-2-butanone | FL |
(R,S)-2- | mercapto-3-butanol | FL |
3- | mercapto-3-methyl butanol | FL |
2- | methyl 3-(methyl thio) furan | FL |
bis(2- | methyl-3-furyl) disulfide | FL |
| pyrazinyl ethane thiol | FL |
ortho- | thiocresol | FL |
metallic |
4- | hexenol | FL/FR |
3-( | methyl thio) hexanol | FL/FR |
mushroom |
1- | octen-3-ol | FL/FR |
musty |
2- | ethoxythiazole | FL |
| hazelnut pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | methyl 5-(methyl thio) furan | FL/FR |
nutty |
2- | acetyl-3-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
3,5- | diethyl-2-methyl pyrazine | FL |
4,5- | dimethyl-2-ethyl-3-thiazoline | FL/FR |
2- | methyl thio-3,5 or 6-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol | FL/FR |
2,4,5- | trimethyl thiazole | FL/FR |
| vinyl sulfurol | FL/FR |
onion |
| methionol | FL |
| methyl propyl disulfide | FL |
| methyl propyl trisulfide | FL |
2- | methyl-1,3-dithiolane | FL |
4- | methyl-1,3-dithiolane | |
| propyl thioacetate | FL |
potato |
| mesityl oxide | FL/FR |
roasted |
| ethyl 3-(furfuryl thio) propionate | FL |
rummy |
| ethyl pyruvate | FL/FR |
seafood |
1,4- | dithiane | FL |
soapy |
| octanoic acid | FL/FR |
spicy |
| jalapeno oleoresin | FL |
sulfurous |
| allyl sulfide | FL |
| buchu mercaptan | FL/FR |
| butyl mercaptan | FL |
| diallyl polysulfides | FL |
| diallyl tetrasulfide | FL |
| diallyl trisulfide | FL |
| dimethyl disulfide | FL/FR |
| dimethyl sulfide | FL/FR |
S- | ethyl thioacetate | FL |
| ferula assa-foetida | |
| ferula assa-foetida absolute | FL/FR |
| ferula assa-foetida fluid extract | FL |
| ferula assa-foetida gum extract | FL/FR |
| ferula assa-foetida oleoresin | FL |
| ferula assa-foetida tincture | |
| furfuryl methyl sulfide | FL |
| furfuryl thiopropionate | FL |
| grapefruit menthane | FL/FR |
| mango thiol | FL/FR |
3- | mercapto-2-methyl pentanal | FL |
| methyl 2-(methyl thio) butyrate | FL |
| methyl 2-methyl-3-furyl disulfide | FL |
| methyl benzyl disulfide | FL |
| methyl mercaptan | FL/FR |
| methyl thiomethyl butyrate | FL |
2- | methyl thiophene | FL |
3- | methyl-2-butane thiol | FL |
| onion oil | FL/FR |
| onion oleoresin | FL |
| potato butanone | FL |
tomato |
| methional | FL/FR |
tropical |
3- | mercaptohexyl butyrate | FL |
vanilla |
| ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| vanillin | FL/FR |
vegetable |
1- | furfuryl pyrrole | FL/FR |
| methyl 3-(methyl thio) propionate | FL/FR |
| radish isothiocyanate | FL |
waxy |
(Z)-6- | nonen-1-ol | FL/FR |
woody |
| vinyl (4-methyl-thiazolyl-2) carbinol | |
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Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| asa foetida oil | | asafetida oil | | asafoetida oil | | asafoetida oil english distilled SAS | | assafetida oil | | essential oil obtained from the gum of the asafetida, ferula assa-foetida l., apiaceae | | ferula asafoetida oil | | ferula foetida gum oil | | scorodosma foetidum gum oil |
Articles:
PubMed: | Impact of Herbal Medicines like Nigella sativa, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Ferula asafoetida, on Cytochrome P450 2C11 Gene Expression in Rat Liver. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial activity of selected Iranian medicinal plants against a broad spectrum of pathogenic and drug multiresistant micro-organisms. |
PubMed: | The Relaxant Effect of Seed's Essential Oil and Oleo-Gum-Resin of Ferula Assa-Foetida on Isolated Rat's Ileum. |
PubMed: | Cytotoxic properties of some medicinal plant extracts from mazandaran, iran. |
PubMed: | Oleo gum resin of Ferula assa-foetida L. ameliorates peripheral neuropathy in mice. |
PubMed: | Relaxant effects of asafoetida extract and its constituent umbelliprenin on guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle. |
PubMed: | Double edged effect of gum-resin of ferula assa-foetida on lifespan of neurons. |
PubMed: | Double edged effect of gum-resin of ferula assa-foetida on lifespan of neurons. |
PubMed: | Tertiary combination of freeze-dried urine of Indian breeds of cow with plant products against snail Lymnaea acuminata. |
PubMed: | Use of complementary and alternative medicine for children: a parents' perspective. |
PubMed: | Some like it pungent and vile. TRPA1 as a molecular target for the malodorous vinyl disulfides from asafoetida. |
PubMed: | Effects of Cymbopogon citratus and Ferula assa-foetida extracts on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. |
PubMed: | Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil obtained from Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin: effect of collection time. |
PubMed: | New claims in folk veterinary medicines from Uttar Pradesh, India. |
PubMed: | Ferula asafoetida: Traditional uses and pharmacological activity. |
PubMed: | Inhibitory effect of Ferula asafoetida L. (Umbelliferae) on Blastocystis sp. subtype 3 growth in vitro. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of the effect of Ferula asafoetida Linn. gum extract on learning and memory in Wistar rats. |
PubMed: | Dietary agents in the prevention of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicty: preclinical observations. |
PubMed: | Bait formulations of molluscicides and their effects on biochemical changes in the ovotestis of snail Lymnaea acuminata (Mollusca; Gastropoda:Lymnaeidae). |
PubMed: | Combination of molluscicides with attractant carbohydrates and amino acids in bait formulation against the snail Lymnaea acuminata. |
PubMed: | Biological activity of some plant essential oils against Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae), an ectoparasitic mite of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae). |
PubMed: | Asimafoetidnol: a new sesquiterpenoid coumarin from the gum resin of Ferula assa-foetida. |
PubMed: | Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin)-a review. |
PubMed: | Galbanic acid, a cytotoxic sesquiterpene from the gum resin of Ferula asafoetida, blocks protein farnesyltransferase. |
PubMed: | Influenza A (H(1)N(1)) Antiviral and Cytotoxic Agents from Ferula assa-foetida. |
PubMed: | Kinetics of enzyme inhibition by active molluscicidal agents ferulic acid, umbelliferone, eugenol and limonene in the nervous tissue of snail Lymnaea acuminata. |
PubMed: | Development and evaluation of hepatoprotective polyherbal formulation containing some indigenous medicinal plants. |
PubMed: | Galbanic acid from Ferula szowitsiana enhanced the antibacterial activity of penicillin G and cephalexin against Staphylococcus aureus. |
PubMed: | A new ester isolated from Ferula assa-foetida L. |
PubMed: | Molluscicidal activity of Ferula asafoetida, Syzygium aromaticum and Carum carvi and their active components against the snail Lymnaea acuminata. |
PubMed: | Larvicidal activity of plant extracts used alone and in combination with known synthetic larvicidal agents against Aedes aegypti. |
PubMed: | Antispasmodic and hypotensive effects of Ferula asafoetida gum extract. |
PubMed: | Chemomodulatory influence of Ferula asafoetida on mammary epithelial differentiation, hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant profiles and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. |
PubMed: | Sesquiterpene coumarins from the roots of Ferula assa-foetida. |
PubMed: | Reversal of aflatoxin induced liver damage by turmeric and curcumin. |
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