Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | white to tan crystals (est) |
Assay: | 99.00 to 100.00 %
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Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 0.97100 @ 25.00 °C.
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Melting Point: | 75.00 to 77.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Boiling Point: | 211.00 to 212.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Vapor Pressure: | 0.128000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Flash Point: | > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
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logP (o/w): | 2.330 |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 3835 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | | water, 3540 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
Insoluble in: |
| water |
Organoleptic Properties:
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Odor Type: phenolic |
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| sweet naphthyl phenolic smoky bacon |
Odor Description: at 0.10 % in propylene glycol. | sweet naphthyl phenolic smoke bacon |
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| sweet naphthyl phenolic smoky bacon |
Odor Description:
| Sweet, naphthyl, phenolic, smoke, bacon and Iysol-like Mosciano, Gerard P&F 15, No. 1, 19, (1990) |
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Flavor Type: musty |
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| musty chemical stringent phenolic |
Taste Description: at 10.00 ppm. | Musty, chemical, stringent and phenolic Mosciano, Gerard P&F 15, No. 1, 19, (1990) |
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Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Beijing Lys Chemicals |
2,5-Dimethyl phenol
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EMD Millipore |
For experimental / research use only. |
2,5-Dimethylphenol
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M&U International |
2,5-XYLENOL, Kosher
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Parchem |
2,5-xylenol
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Penta International |
2,5-XYLENOL (2,5-DIMETHYL PHENOL)
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Santa Cruz Biotechnology |
For experimental / research use only. |
2,5-Dimethylphenol
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Sigma-Aldrich |
2,5-Xylenol, ≥99%, FG
Odor: medicinal; sweet |
Certified Food Grade Products |
Sigma-Aldrich: Aldrich |
For experimental / research use only. |
2,5-Dimethylphenol 99%
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Synerzine |
2,5-Xylenol
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TCI AMERICA |
For experimental / research use only. |
2,5-Dimethylphenol >98.0%(GC)
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WholeChem |
2,5-Dimethyl phenol
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Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View |
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | T N - Toxic, Dangerous for the environment. |
R 24/25 - Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed. R 34 - Causes burns. R 51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. S 01/02 - Keep locked up and out of the reach of children. S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S 45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately. S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 444 mg/kg (Maazik, 1968)
oral-rabbit LD50 938 mg/kg (Maazik, 1968)
oral-mouse LD50 383 mg/kg (Maazik, 1968)
gavage-rat LD50 < 5000 mg/kg (De Cresente, 1982)
oral-mouse LD50 383 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY)
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA Hygiene and Sanitation Vol. 33(7-9), Pg. 329, 1968.
oral-rabbit LD50 938 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY)
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA Hygiene and Sanitation Vol. 33(7-9), Pg. 329, 1968.
oral-rat LD50 444 mg/kg Gigiena Truda i Professional'naya Patologiya v Estonskoi SSR. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Pathology in the Estonian SSR. Vol. 8, Pg. 145, 1972.
unreported-rat LD50 730 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 53, Pg. 227, 1935.
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Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
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Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.49 (μg/capita/day) |
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.03 (μg/capita/day) |
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 11 |
Click here to view publication 11 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 4.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | - |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | - |
condiments / relishes: | - | - |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | - |
fruit ices: | - | - |
gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | 2.00000 |
hard candy: | - | - |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | 2.00000 |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | 2.00000 |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | 2.00000 |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | 2.00000 |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | 2.00000 |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA): | Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 22 (FGE.22): Ring-substituted phenolic substances from chemical groups 21 and 25 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 58 (FGE.58) Consideration of phenol derivatives evaluated by JECFA (55th meeting) structurally related to ring substituted phenolic substances evaluated by EFSA in FGE.22 (2006) (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 60 (FGE.60): Consideration of eugenol and related hydroxyallylbenzene derivatives evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting) structurally related to ring- substituted phenolic substances evaluated by EFSA in FGE.22 (2006) View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 22, Revision 1 (FGE.22Rev1): Ring-substituted phenolic substances from chemical groups 21 and 25 View page or View pdf |
Safety and efficacy of eight compounds belonging to different chemical groups when used as flavourings for cats and dogs View page or View pdf |
EPI System: | View |
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
AIDS Citations: | Search |
Cancer Citations: | Search |
Toxicology Citations: | Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 95-87-4 |
EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 7267 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
WISER: | UN 2261 |
WGK Germany: | 3 |
| 2,5-dimethylphenol |
Chemidplus: | 0000095874 |
EPA/NOAA CAMEO: | hazardous materials |
RTECS: | ZE5775000 for cas# 95-87-4 |
References:
Other Information:
(IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
(IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
CHEMBL: | View |
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB30540 |
FooDB: | FDB002413 |
Export Tariff Code: | 2907.19.6100 |
VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
ChemSpider: | View |
Formulations/Preparations: •xylenol 100; a high purity fraction of 2,4- and 2,5- xylenol (ortho xylenols); typical composition: 2,4- and 2,5-xylenol 93%; meta para cresol 2%; other xylenols 5%. from table
•pitt-consol xylenol 410 is a synthetic xylenol blend homolog distribution, wt %: 2,6-xylenol, 1; 2,4-xylenol, 42; 2,5-xylenol, 43; 2,3-xylenol group, 14. xylenol 410
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Potential Blenders and core components note
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For Odor |
alcoholic |
alcoholic |
3- | hexanol | FL/FR |
anisic |
ortho- | acetanisole | FL/FR |
balsamic |
sumatra | benzoin absolute | FL/FR |
camphoreous |
dextro- | camphor | FL/FR |
chocolate |
| vanillyl ethyl ether | FL/FR |
coumarinic |
| phthalide | FL/FR |
creamy |
para- | vanillyl alcohol | FL/FR |
floral |
| benzyl alcohol | FL/FR |
para- | cresyl acetate | FL/FR |
| dimethyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
meta- | tolualdehyde | FL/FR |
para- | tolualdehyde | FL/FR |
green |
| diphenyl oxide | FL/FR |
| seaweed absolute (fucus vesiculosus et serratus) | FL/FR |
herbal |
| cardamom oleoresin | FL/FR |
| sage oleoresin | FL/FR |
| yerba mate absolute | FL/FR |
honey |
| phenyl pyruvic acid | FL/FR |
medicinal |
ortho- | cresyl acetate | FL/FR |
summer | savory oil | FL/FR |
2,6- | xylenol | FL/FR |
minty |
| piperitenone | FL/FR |
mossy |
| oakmoss concrete | FR |
| sea resorcylate | FR |
| veramoss (IFF) | FR |
nutty |
| nutty cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
phenolic |
| anisole | FL/FR |
ortho- | cresol | FR |
para- | cresol | FL/FR |
meta- | cresol | FR |
ortho- | cresyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
2,3- | dimethyl benzofuran | FL/FR |
para-alpha- | dimethyl styrene | FL/FR |
ortho- | guaiacol | FL/FR |
2'- | hydroxyacetophenone | FL/FR |
| methyl benzoate | FL/FR |
4- | methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
| piper betle leaf oil | FR |
2-iso | propyl phenol | FL/FR |
2- | propyl phenol | FL/FR |
4- | propyl phenol | FL/FR |
4- | vinyl phenol | FL/FR |
2,3- | xylenol | FL/FR |
smoky |
2,6- | dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
4- | ethyl phenol | FL/FR |
| pyroligneous acids | FL/FR |
spicy |
4- | ethyl guaiacol | FL/FR |
4- | methyl guaiacol | FL/FR |
| ocimum gratissimum herb oil india | FR |
| origanum majorana oleoresin | FL/FR |
| zingerone | FL/FR |
terpenic |
(R)-(-)-alpha- | phellandrene | FL/FR |
vanilla |
ortho- | dimethyl hydroquinone | FL/FR |
| ethyl vanillin hexylene glycol acetal | FR |
woody |
| guaiacyl acetate | FL/FR |
beta- | thujaplicin | FR |
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For Flavor |
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No flavor group found for these |
| chavicol | FL |
ortho- | cresyl acetate | FL/FR |
ortho- | cresyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
2,4- | dihydroxybenzoic acid | FL |
2,6- | dimethoxy-4-vinyl phenol | FL |
ortho- | dimethyl hydroquinone | FL/FR |
3- | methyl crotonic acid | FL |
3- | methyl cyclohexanone | FL |
4- | methyl salicylaldehyde | FL |
| methyl thiophene thiol | FL |
(R)-(-)-alpha- | phellandrene | FL/FR |
| piperitenone | FL/FR |
4- | propyl phenol | FL/FR |
2- | propyl phenol | FL/FR |
para- | salicylic acid | FL |
| seaweed absolute (fucus vesiculosus et serratus) | FL/FR |
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3,5- | diisopropyl-1,2,4-trithiolane | FL |
alcoholic |
3- | hexanol | FL/FR |
aromatic |
| anisole | FL/FR |
para- | cresyl acetate | FL/FR |
burnt |
| bacon dithiazine | FL |
2,6- | xylenol | FL/FR |
chemical |
2,3- | dimethyl benzofuran | FL/FR |
coumarinic |
| phthalide | FL/FR |
creamy |
para- | vanillyl alcohol | FL/FR |
fishy |
3- | penten-2-one | FL |
fruity |
| benzyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| dimethyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
meta- | tolualdehyde | FL/FR |
green |
| diphenyl oxide | FL/FR |
herbal |
| cardamom oleoresin | FL/FR |
| sage oleoresin | FL/FR |
| yerba mate absolute | FL/FR |
meaty |
2,6- | dimethyl thiophenol | FL |
ortho- | thioguaiacol | FL |
medicinal |
dextro- | camphor | FL/FR |
2,6- | dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
summer | savory oil | FL/FR |
musty |
2- | ethoxythiazole | FL |
naphthyl |
2'- | hydroxyacetophenone | FL/FR |
nutty |
| nutty cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
phenolic |
para- | cresol | FL/FR |
| methyl benzoate | FL/FR |
4- | methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
| phenyl pyruvic acid | FL/FR |
4- | vinyl phenol | FL/FR |
2,3- | xylenol | FL/FR |
powdery |
ortho- | acetanisole | FL/FR |
rummy |
| vanillyl ethyl ether | FL/FR |
smoky |
4- | ethyl phenol | FL/FR |
| pyroligneous acids | FL/FR |
solvent |
2-iso | propyl phenol | FL/FR |
spicy |
sumatra | benzoin absolute | FL/FR |
para-alpha- | dimethyl styrene | FL/FR |
4- | methyl guaiacol | FL/FR |
| origanum majorana oleoresin | FL/FR |
winter | savory oil | FL |
para- | tolualdehyde | FL/FR |
| zingerone | FL/FR |
vegetable |
| tyramine | FL |
woody |
4- | ethyl guaiacol | FL/FR |
ortho- | guaiacol | FL/FR |
| guaiacyl acetate | FL/FR |
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Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
2,5- | dimethyl phenol | 3,6- | dimethyl phenol | 1,4- | dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzene | 2,5- | dimethyl-phenol | 2,5- | dimethylbenzolol | 2,5- | dimethylphenol | 1- | hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl benzene | 2- | hydroxy-p-xylene | | phenol, 2,5-dimethyl- | p- | xylenol |
Articles:
US Patents: | 3,946,080 - Flavouring and perfuming ingredients |
PubMed: | Defensive secretions of the carabid beetle Chlaenius cordicollis: chemical components and their geographic patterns of variation. |
US Patents: | 3,952,024 - Furfurylthioacetone |
PubMed: | Prompt HO2 formation following the reaction of OH with aromatic compounds under atmospheric conditions. |
PubMed: | Agarose-gel-immobilized recombinant bacterial biosensors for simple and disposable on-site detection of phenolic compounds. |
PubMed: | Solid-phase extraction of antipyrine dye for spectrophotometric determination of phenolic compounds in water. |
PubMed: | Selective determination of 2,4-xylenol by gas chromatography/supersonic jet/resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | A simple HPLC-fluorescence method for quantitation of curcuminoids and its application to turmeric products. |
PubMed: | Tropospheric multiphase chemistry of 2,5- and 2,6-dimethylphenols: determination of the mass accommodation coefficients and the Henry's law constants. |
PubMed: | Molecular and biochemical characterization of the xlnD-encoded 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase involved in the degradation of 2,5-xylenol via the gentisate pathway in Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIMB 9867. |
PubMed: | Molecular characterization of an inducible gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase gene, xlnE, from Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIMB 9867. |
PubMed: | A new variant activator involved in the degradation of phenolic compounds from a strain of Pseudomonas putida. |
PubMed: | Toxicity and kinetic parameters of the aerobic biodegradation of the phenol and alkylphenols by a mixed culture. |
PubMed: | Glucuronidation of propofol and its analogs by human and rat liver microsomes. |
PubMed: | Determination of estrogenic activity in landfill leachate by simplified yeast two-hybrid assay. |
PubMed: | Microcosm studies of microbial degradation in a coal tar distillate plume. |
PubMed: | Organization and regulation of meta cleavage pathway genes for toluene and o-xylene derivative degradation in Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1. |
PubMed: | Threonine 201 in the diiron enzyme toluene 4-monooxygenase is not required for catalysis. |
PubMed: | Group II intron from Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIB 9867 (P25X): entrapment in plasmid RP4 and sequence analysis. |
PubMed: | Transformations of Aromatic Compounds by Nitrosomonas europaea. |
PubMed: | A novel toluene-3-monooxygenase pathway cloned from Pseudomonas pickettii PKO1. |
PubMed: | Concentrations of phenol, o-cresol, and 2,5-xylenol in the urine of workers employed in the distillation of the phenolic fraction of tar. |
PubMed: | Effect of p-xylene metabolites, p-methylbenzyl alcohol and 2,5-dimethylphenol, on rat hepatic and pulmonary microsomal metabolism. |
PubMed: | Gas chromatographic determination of cresols in the biological fluids of a non-fatal case of cresol intoxication. |
PubMed: | Acute toxicity of cresols, xylenols, and trimethylphenols to Daphnia magna Straus 1820. |
PubMed: | Regulation of isofunctional enzymes in Pseudomonas alcaligenes mutants defective in the gentisate pathway. |
PubMed: | Separation and determination of phenol, alpha-naphthol m- and p-, o-cresols and 2,5-xylenol, and catechol in the urine after mixed exposure to phenol, naphthalene, cresols, and xylenols. |
PubMed: | A kinetic colorimetric assay of gamma-glutamyltransferase. |
PubMed: | Evidence for isofunctional enzymes used in m-cresol and 2,5-xylenol degradation via the gentisate pathway in Pseudomonas alcaligenes. |
PubMed: | Bacterial metabolism of para- and meta-xylene: oxidation of the aromatic ring. |
PubMed: | A novel mechanism for the NIH-shift. |
PubMed: | The enzymic degradation of alkyl-substituted gentisates, maleates and malates. |
PubMed: | Gentisic acid and its 3- and 4-methyl-substituted homologoues as intermediates in the bacterial degradation of m-cresol, 3,5-xylenol and 2,5-xylenol. |
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