Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
Assay: | 98.00 to 100.00 % sum of isomers
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Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 0.98200 to 0.99000 @ 25.00 °C.
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Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 8.171 to 8.238
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Refractive Index: | 1.43700 to 1.44500 @ 20.00 °C.
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Boiling Point: | 75.00 to 77.00 °C. @ 5.00 mm Hg
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Boiling Point: | 65.00 °C. @ 0.10 mm Hg
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Vapor Pressure: | 0.054000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Vapor Density: | >1 ( Air = 1 ) |
Flash Point: | 200.00 °F. TCC ( 93.33 °C. )
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logP (o/w): | 1.848 (est) |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 4917 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Insoluble in: |
| water |
Similar Items: note |
isoamyl pyruvate |
ethyl pyruvate |
methyl pyruvate |
propyl pyruvate |
Organoleptic Properties:
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Odor Type: green |
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Odor Strength: | medium |
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Substantivity: | 17 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
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| green oily melon rind banana peel cucumber skin tea |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | green oily melon rind banana peel cucumber skin tea Luebke, William tgsc, (2009) |
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| green oily fatty cucumber vegetable fruity melon rind floral green tea |
Odor Description: at 1.00 %. | Green, oily and fatty with a cucumber vegetative and fruity melon rind like nuance and a slight hint of a floral green tea Mosciano, Gerard P&F 25, No. 5, 72, (2000) |
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Flavor Type: green |
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| oily green cucumber vegetable fruity apple berry cherry watermelon |
Taste Description: at 1.00 - 15.00 ppm. | Oily green cucumber vegetative and fruit like with nuances of apple, berry and cherry as well as watermelon Mosciano, Gerard P&F 25, No. 5, 72, (2000) |
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Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Bedoukian Research |
cis-3-HEXENYL PYRUVATE ≥97.0% (cis), Kosher |
Odor Description: | Green, spicy, caramellic Adds a warm, spicy note to heavier fragrances. |
Taste Description: | oily green Used mostly in imitation celery flavor, but can also be used in caramel, raisin, prune flavors. |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View |
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | None - None found. |
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
Recommendation for (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl pyruvate usage levels up to: | | 5.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
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Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.74 (μg/capita/day) |
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 3900 (μg/person/day) |
Threshold of Concern: | 1800 (μg/person/day) |
Structure Class: | I |
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 19 |
Click here to view publication 19 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | 16.00000 | 30.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | - |
beverages(alcoholic): | 4.00000 | 8.00000 |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | 0.10000 | 0.10000 |
condiments / relishes: | - | - |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | 7.00000 | 15.00000 |
fruit ices: | - | - |
gelatins / puddings: | 4.00000 | 8.00000 |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | 0.20000 | 0.20000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | - |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
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Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). |
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. |
| average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg |
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 7.00000 | 35.00000 |
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | 10.00000 | 50.00000 |
Processed fruit (04.1): | 7.00000 | 35.00000 |
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - |
Confectionery (05.0): | 10.00000 | 50.00000 |
Chewing gum (05.0): | - | - |
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
Bakery wares (07.0): | 10.00000 | 50.00000 |
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - |
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - |
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | 10.00000 | 50.00000 |
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | 10.00000 | 50.00000 |
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | 20.00000 | 100.00000 |
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA): | Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 64 (FGE.64): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (EFSA, 2008ab) View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 92 (FGE.92): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (68th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (2009) View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 2 (FGE.10Rev2): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 3 (FGE.10Rev3): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 View page or View pdf |
EPI System: | View |
AIDS Citations: | Search |
Cancer Citations: | Search |
Toxicology Citations: | Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 68133-76-6 |
EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 5363291 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
WGK Germany: | 2 |
| [(Z)-hex-3-enyl] 2-oxopropanoate |
Chemidplus: | 0068133766 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
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For Odor |
acidic |
acidic |
| hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower extract | CS |
aldehydic |
| undecanal | FL/FR |
anise |
sweet | fennel seed oil | FL/FR |
anisic |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
balsamic |
| cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
(E)- | cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| guaiyl acetate | FL/FR |
2- | phenyl propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| valencene | FL/FR |
coconut |
delta- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
earthy |
| heptanal cyclic acetal with glycerol | FL/FR |
1- | octen-3-ol | FL/FR |
ethereal |
iso | propyl acetate | FL/FR |
fatty |
2,4- | decadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
2- | nonen-1-ol | FL/FR |
floral |
(S)- | citronellyl acetate | FL/FR |
| cyclohexyl ethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| floral undecenone | FR |
| gardenia pentyl acetate | FR |
| geranium oil bourbon | FL/FR |
| geranyl formate | FL/FR |
| geranyl propionate | FL/FR |
| herbal pyran | FR |
| jasmin absolute egypt (from concrete) | FL/FR |
| jasmopyrane (Givaudan) | FR |
| methyl jasmonate | FL/FR |
| phenyl propyl phenyl acetate | FR |
| rose absolute (rosa damascena) bulgaria | FL/FR |
fruity |
| allyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
iso | amyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| amyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
iso | amyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| benzyl propionate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl (E)-2-butenoate | |
| butyl 2-decenoate | FL/FR |
| butyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl octanoate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl valerate | FL/FR |
| cyclohexyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| diethyl malonate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| hexyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| methyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| nerolidyl isobutyrate | FR |
| octen-1-yl cyclopentanone | FL/FR |
| octyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| octyl formate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
green |
iso | amyl formate | FL/FR |
| carrot leaf oil (daucus carota ssp.maximus) | FR |
| coriander heptenol | FL/FR |
| diphenyl methane | FL/FR |
| dodecanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| heptanal cyclic propylene acetal | FL/FR |
3- | heptanone | FL/FR |
1- | hepten-3-ol | FL/FR |
2- | heptenal | FL/FR |
(Z)-4- | heptenal diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
2- | heptyl furan | FL/FR |
| hexanal (aldehyde C-6) | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl butyrate | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | hexen-1-yl butyrate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl formate | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | hexen-1-yl propionate | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | hexen-1-yl valerate | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | hexenal | FL/FR |
| hexyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
alpha- | hexyl cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal | FR |
| hexyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| hexyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| leafy acetal | FL/FR |
| manzanate (Givaudan) | FL/FR |
2-(2- | methyl allyl oxy) heptane | FR |
6- | methyl-3-hepten-2-one | FL/FR |
(Z,Z)-3,6- | nonadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E,Z)-2,6- | nonadienal | FL/FR |
(E,Z)-2,6- | nonadienal diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
(Z)-2- | nonen-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | octen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
| olive oil absolute | FL/FR |
1- | penten-3-ol | FL/FR |
| privet dioxane | FR |
(E,E)- | sorbyl acetate | |
| violet decenol | FR |
| violet leaf absolute | FL/FR |
herbal |
alpha- | amyl cinnamyl formate | FL/FR |
| anethum graveolens herb oil | FL/FR |
| carrot seed oil (daucus carota ssp. gummifer hook. fil.) spain | FR |
| coriander oleoresin | FL/FR |
| daucus carota fruit oil | FL/FR |
| dill weed oil cuba | FL/FR |
| dill weed oil reunion | FL/FR |
| hop absolute | FL/FR |
| hop oil | FL/FR |
| linalyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
(E)-6- | methyl-3-hepten-2-one | FL/FR |
3- | octyl acetate | FL/FR |
laevo- | perillaldehyde | FL/FR |
| sabinene hydrate | FL/FR |
| thyme absolute | FL/FR |
melon |
| melon heptenal | FL/FR |
(Z)-6- | nonenal | FL/FR |
spicy |
iso | butyl angelate | FL/FR |
| carrot weed oil | FL/FR |
| cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| cumin seed absolute | FL/FR |
black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
2- | octanol | FL/FR |
sulfurous |
| lychee mercaptan acetate | FL/FR |
terpenic |
gamma- | terpinene | FL/FR |
waxy |
2,4- | nonadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
| octyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
woody |
| louro brasileiro wood oil | FR |
| sabinene | FL/FR |
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For Flavor |
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No flavor group found for these |
alpha- | amyl cinnamyl formate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl octanoate | FL/FR |
(E)- | cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| coriander heptenol | FL/FR |
| epoxy-2-decenal | FL |
| furfuryl hexanoate | FL |
| guaiyl acetate | FL/FR |
| heptanal cyclic acetal with glycerol | FL/FR |
| heptanal cyclic propylene acetal | FL/FR |
2- | heptenal | FL/FR |
| hexyl (E)-2-hexenoate | FL |
(E)-6- | methyl-3-hepten-2-one | FL/FR |
6- | methyl-3-hepten-2-one | FL/FR |
| tiglyl alcohol | FL |
alliaceous |
| truffle sulfide | FL |
anise |
sweet | fennel seed oil | FL/FR |
apple |
green | apple concentrate | FL |
red | apple concentrate | FL |
aromatic |
| leafy acetal | FL/FR |
laevo- | perillaldehyde | FL/FR |
candy |
candied | apple flavor | FL |
caramellic |
| caramel apple flavor | FL |
citrus |
| valencene | FL/FR |
cooling |
| manzanate (Givaudan) | FL/FR |
| sabinene hydrate | FL/FR |
creamy |
| octyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
cucumber |
2- | ethyl octine carbonate | FL |
ethereal |
iso | propyl acetate | FL/FR |
fatty |
2,4- | decadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,4- | heptadienal | FL |
2- | heptyl furan | FL/FR |
2,4- | nonadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
(Z)-2- | nonen-1-ol | FL/FR |
2- | nonen-1-ol | FL/FR |
floral |
(S)- | citronellyl acetate | FL/FR |
| geranium oil bourbon | FL/FR |
| jasmin absolute egypt (from concrete) | FL/FR |
| jasmin flavor | FL |
| methyl jasmonate | FL/FR |
| rose absolute (rosa damascena) bulgaria | FL/FR |
fruity |
| allyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
iso | amyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| amyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| apple apricot flavor | FL |
| apple banana flavor | FL |
| apple blueberry flavor | FL |
| apple cherry flavor | FL |
| apple cider flavor | FL |
| apple cobbler flavor | FL |
| apple concentrate | FL |
| apple distillates | FL |
baked | apple flavor | FL |
fuji | apple flavor | FL |
gala | apple flavor | FL |
golden delicious | apple flavor | FL |
delicious | apple flavor | FL |
granny smith | apple flavor | FL |
green | apple flavor | FL |
mcintosh | apple flavor | FL |
pippin | apple flavor | FL |
red delicious | apple flavor | FL |
red | apple flavor | FL |
| benzyl propionate | FL/FR |
| butyl 2-decenoate | FL/FR |
| butyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl valerate | FL/FR |
| cyclohexyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| diethyl malonate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| linalyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| methyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
(Z)-5- | octen-1-yl acetate | FL |
| octen-1-yl cyclopentanone | FL/FR |
iso | propyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
green |
iso | amyl formate | FL/FR |
iso | amyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl angelate | FL/FR |
| carrot weed oil | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| cucumber lime flavor | FL |
| cyclohexyl ethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| dihydroxyacetophenone (mixed isomers) | FL |
| diphenyl methane | FL/FR |
| dodecanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| geranyl formate | FL/FR |
1- | hepten-3-ol | FL/FR |
(Z)-4- | heptenal diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,4- | hexadienal | FL |
| hexanal (aldehyde C-6) | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl butyrate | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | hexen-1-yl butyrate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl formate | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | hexen-1-yl propionate | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | hexen-1-yl valerate | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | hexenal | FL/FR |
| hexyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| hexyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| hexyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| hexyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| melon heptenal | FL/FR |
(E,Z)-2,6- | nonadienal | FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,6- | nonadienal | FL |
(E,Z)-2,6- | nonadienal diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
(Z)-6- | nonenal | FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,4- | octadienal | FL |
(E)-2- | octen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
3- | octyl acetate | FL/FR |
| octyl formate | FL/FR |
1- | penten-3-ol | FL/FR |
2- | phenyl propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| sorbyl acetate | FL |
(E,E)- | sorbyl acetate | |
| violet leaf absolute | FL/FR |
herbal |
| anethum graveolens herb oil | FL/FR |
| coriander oleoresin | FL/FR |
| daucus carota fruit oil | FL/FR |
| dill weed oil cuba | FL/FR |
| dill weed oil reunion | FL/FR |
| hop absolute | FL/FR |
| hop oil | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| thyme absolute | FL/FR |
juicy |
| lychee mercaptan acetate | FL/FR |
ketonic |
3- | heptanone | FL/FR |
lactonic |
delta- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
mushroom |
1- | octen-3-ol | FL/FR |
oily |
| olive oil absolute | FL/FR |
spicy |
| cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| cumin seed absolute | FL/FR |
black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
2- | octanol | FL/FR |
sweet |
apple brown | sugar flavor | FL |
terpenic |
gamma- | terpinene | FL/FR |
waxy |
iso | butyl (E)-2-butenoate | |
| geranyl propionate | FL/FR |
(Z,Z)-3,6- | nonadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
| octyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| undecanal | FL/FR |
woody |
| sabinene | FL/FR |
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Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
(3Z)- | hex-3-en-1-yl 2-oxopropanoate | (Z)- | hex-3-enyl pyruvate | [(Z)- | hex-3-enyl] 2-oxopropanoate | (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl 2-oxopropionate | cis-3- | hexen-1-yl pyruvate | (3Z)- | hexenyl 2-oxopropanoate | (Z)-3- | hexenyl 2-oxopropionate | (Z)-3- | hexenyl pyruvate | cis-3- | hexenyl pyruvate | 2-oxo- | propanoic acid (3Z)-3-hexen-1-yl ester | (Z)-2-oxo- | propanoic acid 3-hexen-1-yl ester | | propanoic acid, 2-oxo-, (3Z)-3-hexen-1-yl ester | | propanoic acid, 2-oxo-, (3Z)-3-hexenyl ester | | propanoic acid, 2-oxo-, 3-hexenyl ester, (Z)- |
Articles:
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