bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy
volatile oil obtained from the peel of citrus aurantium bergamia, rutaceae, bergaptene reduced
 
Notes:
This is the natural essential oil with the BERGAPTENE removed because of the very irritating properties of BERGAPTENE(has phototoxic effects) on the skin. Cold expression from the peel of the nearly ripe fruit of the Citrus Aurantium L. with removal of the bergaptenes. Blends well with clove oils.
  • Azelis UK
    • Azelis UK Ltd.
      Chemical Distribution
      Azelis is a leading global distributor of speciality chemicals.
      Azelis is a leading global speciality chemicals distributor. We provide a diverse range of products and innovative services to more than 20,000 customers. Our in-depth local knowledge is supported by an international structure and value-added services including high levels of technical support and tailored solutions.
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      Email: Gaynor Cowan
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      United Kingdom+44 1858 545 837
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      Product(s):
      100187 Organic Bergamot Oil FCF Italy
       
  • Berjé
    • Berje Inc.
      Where the world comes to its senses
      Where the world comes to its senses - Berjé is a global distributor of Essential Oils and Aromatic Chemicals.
      Berjé is a family-owned business that has been in operation for six decades. The company's origins and strength lie in a profound understanding of the supply and the quality of the diverse raw materials consumed by the flavor and fragrance industries. This base was expanded upon more than two decades ago to include fragrance production. The company's unparalleled raw material expertise is focused on the supply of essential oils and aromatic chemicals. This is supported by our long-standing relationships with a worldwide fabric of producers ensuring the greatest prospects for uninterrupted supply in markets that are often volatile and unpredictable.
      Email: For Information
      Email: For Sales
      Voice: 973-748-8980
      Fax: 973-680-9618
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      Functional Ingredients
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      Product(s):
      bergamot oil B.F.
       
  • Bontoux
    • Bontoux SAS
      Major international supplier
      Major international Producer of aromatic ingredients for the production of fragrances, flavors, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and Aromatherapy.
      Bontoux Inc. was established in 1993 to directly service our North American clientele. The facility primarily serves as a Sales Customer Service, Repacking and Distribution Center for our customers in North America.
      Email: Information
      US Email: Information
      Email: Sales
      US Email: Sales
      Voice: + 33.(0)4.75.28.64.64
      Fax: + 33.(0)4.75.28.60.32
      US Voice: + 1.908.755.4800
      US Fax: + 1.908.755.4844
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      Product(s):
      BERGAMOT ITALY BF ESSENTIAL OIL
       
  • Charkit Chemical
    • Charkit Chemical Corporation
      The Specialty Chemical Specialists
      Explore this website to discover the products and services that Charkit provides for your industry and please contact us directly to find out how we can be of service to you.
      about: Since 1982, Charkit has been committed to expanding the markets we serve as our roster of products and services continues to grow with us. Our substantial portfolio of personal care ingredients now include a wide array of luxury and exotic components to compliment the key products we have always offered. We have expanded our offerings to the nutraceutical, industrial, and resin markets with a growing roster of versatile and unique ingredients. We continue to lead the way in our traditional markets such as Metal and Water Treatment, Imaging, Flavor & Fragrance, Aroma and Food. Our Pharmaceutical offerings continue to expand, still anchored by the Boronic Derivatives that meet the demands of Suzuki coupling reactions. Please contact us to learn how we can help you reach your goals.
      Email: Sales
      Voice: 203-299-3220
      Fax: 203-299-1355
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      Product(s):
      BERGAMOT OIL BF
       
  • Elixens America
    • Elixens America, Inc.
      Sharing What Nature Inspires
      US affiliate supplying Conventional and Certified Organic Essential Oils since 1998; specializing in French Essential Oils.
      Elixens America, Inc. has been supplying bulk Essential Oils to the Flavor & Fragrance Industry since 1998. We are the US affiliate of ELIXENS SA (Paris, France) and are your direct contact for bulk Essential Oils in North America. Our specialties are Lavandin and Lavender Essential Oils originating from the Provence Region of France as we have long-term partnerships with growers and farmers from the area. Our catalogue of items range from about 150 to 200 different Essential Oils depending on availability and crop season. In addition to our group’s production we also import various Essential Oils directly from source from around the world.
      Email: Jean-Pascal Abdelli (France)
      US Email: Adam Roman
      Email: Barbara Keen (UK)
      Voice: 33 (0) 1 34 48 57 57
      Fax: 33 (0) 1 34 64 94 27
      US Voice: 1.732.388.3555
      US Fax: 1.732.388.3565
      Cell1.201.674.3603
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      Product(s):
      Bergamot Oil Berg. Free Italy Certified Organic
       
  • Excellentia International
    • Excellentia International
      Ingredients by Nature
      Exceptional quality and excellence in meeting our customers requirements.
      Excellentia International was founded in 2010 through the merger of Excellentia Flavors LLC and Polarome International. Collectively, these companies account for more than one hundred years of industry experience, and are recognized for exceptional quality and excellence in meeting our customers’ requirements.
      Email: Info
      Email: Sales
      Email: Regulatory
      Voice: 732.749.9840
      Our Services
      Product(s):
      Bergamot Oil Decolorized (Non-Sensitizing)
       
  • Fleurchem
    • Fleurchem, Inc.
      Have A Flavorful Day
      A leading global manufacturer and supplier of ingredients for Flavors, Fragrances, AromaTherapy, Foods, Beverages, Personal Care Products, and other uses.
      Operating out of the 200,000 sq. ft., former Hercules/PFW facility in Middletown, NY; Fleurchem produces a full range of natural isolates, synthetic chemicals & specialities, essential oils and flavors. Additionally, the company performs toll manufacturing, as well as custom chemical synthesis for a wide range of clients.
      Email: Information
      US Voice: 845-341-2100
      US Fax: 845-341-2121
      Product(s):
      bergamot oil bergaptene free
       
  • Global Essence
    • Global Essence Inc.
      Preferred Partner
      Accommodate each customers unique needs.
      Global Essence was founded in 1993 as a two person operation servicing regional customers in the New York/ New Jersey area. In the twenty years since, it has grown into a multinational operation with offices in the US, UK, and Singapore. These offices allow Global to provide regional support to its customers worldwide. As the world continues become more connected, this approach positions Global to continue to offer the highest quality products and experience to all of its customers.
      Email: Info
      US Email: Info
      Voice: +44 (0) 1279 876666
      Fax: +44 (0)1279 876646
      US Voice: 001 732 677 1100
      US Fax: 001 732 677 1107
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      Product(s):
      Bergamot Oil (Many Varieties Available)
      Bergamot Oil BF Organic
       
  • Hermitage Oils
    • Hermitage Oils / Neroli S.R.L.
      Perfumery and Aromatherapy materials since 1979
      Hermitage Oils, the true home of essential oils!
      Hermitage Oils offers a selection of Absolutes, Essential Oils, Natural Isolates, Aroma Chemicals, CO2 Extracts, Ethanol Tinctures, and Extraits by Enfleurage.
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      Product(s):
      Bergamot E.O BF/FCF FREE
      Adam Michael has this to say about Bergamot Essential Oil BF/FCF FREE “The bergamot tree (Citrus bergamia) takes its name from the small town of Bergamo in Northern Italy. The fruit (like a miniature orange), has been used for hundreds of years in Italian folk medicine, but not in that of other countries, as the tree was almost unknown outside Italy, and the fruit was not exported until relatively recent times.
       
       
  • Indukern F&F
  • Lluch Essence
    • Lluch Essence S.L.
      A family company dedicated to sales and distribution
      Flexibility, availability, price and quality.
      Flexibility, availability, price and quality make LLUCH ESSENCE S.L. one of Europe’s references when it comes to essential oils and aroma chemicals, and it is now well known all around the world.
      Email: Info
      Voice: 34 93 379 38 49
      Fax: 34 93 370 65 04
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      Product(s):
      BERGAMOTE BERG/F. ITALY OIL
       
  • Moellhausen
  • Pell Wall Perfumes
    • Pell Wall Perfumes
      Hand-made fragrances
      Pell Wall maintains a broad palette of ingredients & in order to keep stocks fresh & the options wide we also sell from our own stock.
      Pell Wall was founded by perfumer Chris Bartlett to provide exclusive hand-made fragrances to a select few people who love them. All our products are created using fine quality ingredients, many of which we also offer for sale to other perfumers and enthusiasts. Pell Wall make fragrances for men, for women and for the home.
      Email: Info
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      Voice: +44 (0) 20 3745 0887
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      Product(s):
      Bergamot FCF
      This form of bergamot has been rectified to remove the fourocoumarins that cause photosensitivity so that it can be used more freely.
       
       
  • Penta International
    • Penta International Corporation
      Chemistry innovation
      At Penta, our products and services help businesses do business better.
      For over 30 years, Penta Manufacturing Company has played a growing role in worldwide chemistry innovations and applications. As an industry leader, Penta continues to pioneer chemistry-based solutions for practically every area of commerce. Our products and expertise have helped fuel technical advances in dozens of commercial applications including flavoring, coloring, fragrances and chemical processes.
      US Email: Technical Services
      US Email: Sales
      US Voice: (973) 740-2300
      US Fax: (973) 740-1839
      Product(s):
      02-28810 BERGAMOT OIL-BERGAPTENE FREE
       
  • Robertet
  • Taytonn ASCC
    • Taytonn ASCC Pte Ltd
      Supplying Asia Pacific
      We fully understand the demands of the F&F industry and we endeavour to supply quality products, with ready availability and a personalised service.
      Since 2001 TAYTONN has been distributing key ingredients to the Fragrance and Flavor industry in Asia. We work closely with customers, principals and vendors. Together we forecast demand and match it with supply of aroma chemicals, essential oils and natural isolates & extracts. Sourced from around the world, our F&F ingredient inventory in Singapore is ready to ship to any location in Asia and beyond. Time and again, we help our principals introduce new discoveries to the F&F market - stimulating creativity and bringing value added proposition to our customers.
      Email: Info
      Email: Sales
      Voice: + 65 - 6861 8113
      Fax: + 65 - 6861 8115
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      Product(s):
      Bergamot Oil Bergaptene Free
       
  • The John D. Walsh Company
    • The John D. Walsh Company, Inc
      Suppliers Since 1942
      Supplying the fragrance and flavor industry with high quality products.
      The John D. Walsh Company, Inc. has evolved from its beginnings as an agent/broker into a distributor of essential oils, aroma chemicals, concretes and absolutes. We currently represent the following companies, as their North American distributor: Destilerias Munoz Galvez, S.A. International Flavors & Fragrances PFW Aroma Chemicals B.V. Innospec Widnes Limited Hydrodiffusion de Guatemala, S. A. DSM Nutritional Products The John D. Walsh Company, Inc. is proud to be a founding member of IFEAT, an active member of IFRA, North America, and a corporate sponsor of the WFFC.
      Email: Information
      Email: Sales
      Email: Firmenich Flavor inquiries
      Voice: 973-962-1400
      Fax: 973-962-1557
      Firmenich Flavor Phone:973-962-1888
      Firmenich Flavor Fax:973-962-1898
      History
      Product(s):
      Bergamot Oil, B.F.
      SDS
       
  • The Lebermuth Company
    • The Lebermuth Company
      Naturally Since 1908
      Offering Essential Oils, Flavors, and Fragrances.
      about: We have spent over 100 years creating our legacy in Essential Oils, which are the building blocks of our Fragrances and Flavors. Lebermuth specializes in natural fragrance and flavor compounds utilizing our extensive palette, with vast experience across multiple industries with many exclusive brands. With more than 100 years of combined experience, each of our experts is a unique blend of technical knowledge and creative vision. We provide the distinctiveness,quality, and partnership you need to achieve your brand success.
      Email: Info
      Email: Sales
      US Voice: 1-800-648-1123
      US Fax: 1-800-852-4722
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      Request A Sample
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      Spring/Summer 2022 Fragrance Trends
      Product(s):
      50-6030-01-01 Bergamot BF Oil
       
  • The Lermond Company
  • The Perfumery
    • The Perfumery
      Bringing You Quality, Innovation, and Value... Naturally!
      Highest Quality Wholesale Essential Oils & Natural Isolates.
      www.ThePerfumery.com is an international bulk producer and wholesaler of essential oils, absolutes, waxes, CO2s and other aromatic extracts, as well as high end finished fragrances.
      Email: Info
      US Email: David Pappas
      Email: Orders
      US Email: Orders (US)
      Email: Specials
      Voice: 502-498-8804
      Fax: 502-498-8804
      US Voice: 502-498-8804
      US Fax: 502-498-8804
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      Product(s):
      CitBer2F Bergamot Oil, FCF, Italy
      A colorless Bergamot Essential Oil that has the Furocoumarin removed.
       
      CitBeF1 Bergamot oil FCF, China
      Bergamot oil has a sweet, fresh, floral aroma due to the natural constituents linalylacetate, linalool, and small amounts of methylanthranilate. Bergamot is well known for its use in the perfume and food industries, but don’t confuse it with other commonly named bergamots, such as bee balm (Monarda didyma) or bergamot mint (Mentha citrata). Many of our aromatherapists like to add Bergamot oil to massage blends due to the belief that Bergamot can help reduce muscle tension, boost the mind, and ease worried thoughts. Because this Bergamot is bergapten-free, it's a welcoming addition to skincare products and blends with no photosensitizing effects.
       
       
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search
Fragrance Demo Formulas
Name: citrus × bergamia peel oil bergaptene reduced
CAS Number: 68648-33-9 
ECHA EC Number: 296-429-8
FDA UNII: Search
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar: Search
Google Books: Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist: Search
Google Patents: Search
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PubMed: Search
NCBI: Search
FEMA Number: 2153 bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF):8007-75-8 ; BERGAMOT, OIL (CITRUS AURANTIUM L. SUBSP. BERGAMIA WRIGHT ET ARN.)
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 182 -- SUBSTANCES GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec. 182.20 Essential oils, oleoresins (solvent-free), and natural extractives (including distillates).
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Physical Properties:
Appearance: colorless to pale greenish yellow clear liquid (est)
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.86200 to 0.87000 @  25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 7.173 to  7.239
Refractive Index: 1.45900 to 1.46790 @  20.00 °C.
Optical Rotation: +15.00 to +28.00
Flash Point: 125.00 °F. TCC ( 51.67 °C. )
Shelf Life: 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage: store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 dipropylene glycol
 water, 20.12 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:
 water
Stability:
 bath foam
 cream
 detergent
 hair spray
 lipstick
 lotion
 non-discoloring in most media
 powder
 shampoo
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor Type: citrus
 
Odor Strength: medium
 
Substantivity: 8 hour(s) at 100.00 %
 
 citrus  floral  woody  orange  herbal  
Odor Description:
at 100.00 %. 
citrus floral woody orange linalyl acetate
Luebke, William tgsc, (1984)
 
 citrus  floral  sweet  spicy  green  orange peel  lemon  lime  ginger  
Odor Description:
Citrus, floral, sweet, spicy, green and orange peely, with lemon, lime and ginger nuances
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 23, No. 2, 43, (1998)
 
 
Flavor Type: citrus
 
 citrus  floral  rose  green  lemon  fatty  ginger  lime  
Taste Description:
at 25.00 ppm.  
Citrus,floral, rosy, green, lemon and fatty with a ginger and lime nuance
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 23, No. 2, 43, (1998)
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Moellhausen
BERGAMOT EO-HIXFORM
Odor Description: fresh, citrus, green, cologne note
Taste Description: citrus, fresh
 
Pell Wall Perfumes
Bergamot FCF
Odor Description: Citrus, earl grey tea, fresh, aldehydic
This form of bergamot has been rectified to remove the fourocoumarins that cause photosensitivity so that it can be used more freely.
 
 
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Cosmetic Information:
CosIng: cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: fragrance
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Suppliers:
Absolute Cosmetic Essentials
Bergamot FCF
Albert Vieille SAS
Bergapten-free bergamot Essential oil Italy
Odor: asting citrus scent, with characteristic fresh, lively notes and zesty facets
Use: Bergamot, also known by the botanical name of Citrus aurantium subsp bergamia, is a citrus fruit grown mainly in the Sicily and Calabria regions of Italy. The tree of the same name that bears this fruit with the tart, bitter pulp does not exist in the wild. It is apparently the result of an ancient hybridization of the bitter orange tree and the lemon tree and can grow up to five meters high. In the spring, it is covered with very fragrant white flowers that, between December and March, give way to small, yellow-green fruit having a thick peel covered in oil-filled vesicles. Our Italian bergapten-free bergamot essential oil is obtained by cold expression of the pericarp of the ripe fruit, followed by steam distillation to remove the bergapten, a photo-sensitizing component that can have adverse side effects. This modification gives the absolute particularly desirable qualities for use in perfumery and cosmetics: purified composition, colorless appearance, and improved fixative properties. It has a lasting citrus scent, with characteristic fresh, lively notes and zesty facets.
Harvest Calendar
Artiste
Bergamot Oil Italian Bergaptene Free
Azelis UK
Organic Bergamot Oil FCF Italy
Berjé
bergamot oil B.F.
Media
Bontoux
BERGAMOT ITALY BF ESSENTIAL OIL
Camden-Grey Essential Oils
Bergamot (bergaptene free) essential oil, Bulk
Odor: characteristic
Use: Used in douches and sitz baths, bergamot oil has proved successful in gonococcal infections, leucorrhoea, vaginal prurities and urinary infections; add no more than 2-3 drops to some warm water. Its antiseptic properties make it ideal for treating wounds, herpes, acne and oily skin conditions. Bergamot imparts that unusual flavor to Earl Grey tea. It was and still is an important ingredient in the classic Eau de Cologne formula. Blends well with chamomile, lavender, neroli and rosemary. Regular Bergamot is a photosensitizer (increases the skin reaction to sunlight and makes it more likely to burn). Our Bergaptene-free Bergamot has had the chemical bergaptene removed and this greatly reduces the risk of photosensitization when exposed to the sun after use.
Camden-Grey Essential Oils
Bergamot (bergaptene free) essential oil
Charabot
Bergamot Italy low furocoumarin oil
100 % Pure & Natural
Odor: Fresh, zesty, bitter, slightly sweet
Charkit Chemical
BERGAMOT OIL BF
CITROFLOR
Bergamot Oil Bergapten Free FCF (Colorless)
Citrus and Allied Essences
Oil Bergamot Italian rectified, furo coumarin reduced
Market Report
Creatingperfume.com
Bergamot Essential Oil
Diffusions Aromatiques
BERGAMOTE DESESQUITERPENEE ITALIE ESSENCE
Diffusions Aromatiques
BERGAMOTE S/S BERGAPTENE HE BIO
Elixens America
Bergamot Oil Berg. Free Italy
Certified Organic
Ernesto Ventós
BERGAMOT OIL, BERGAPTENE FREE COLORLESS
Ernesto Ventós
BERGAMOT OIL, BERGAPTENE FREE
Excellentia International
Bergamot Oil Decolorized (Non-Sensitizing)
Fleurchem
bergamot oil bergaptene free
Global Essence
Bergamot Oil (Many Varieties Available)
Global Essence
Bergamot Oil BF Organic
Hermitage Oils
Bergamot E.O BF/FCF FREE
Odor: characteristic
Use: Adam Michael has this to say about Bergamot Essential Oil BF/FCF FREE “The bergamot tree (Citrus bergamia) takes its name from the small town of Bergamo in Northern Italy. The fruit (like a miniature orange), has been used for hundreds of years in Italian folk medicine, but not in that of other countries, as the tree was almost unknown outside Italy, and the fruit was not exported until relatively recent times.
Indenta Group
Bergamot Oil (bergaptene Free)
Indukern F&F
BERGAMOT OIL (FUROCOUMARIN FREE)
Odor: CITRUS, BERGAMOT, FRESH, SWEET
Kanta Enterprises
Bergamote Berg/f. Italy Oil
Lluch Essence
BERGAMOTE BERG/F. ITALY OIL
Mane
Bergamot Rectified Essential Oil (furocoumarin-free)
Odor: Floral Terpenic Warm
Use: This tree, resulting from a hybridisation between orange and lemon trees, has been mainly grown in the region of Calabria in Italy ever since it was used by an Italian perfumer to develop the famous Eau de Cologne. The essence extracted from the aromatic skin of the sour fruit is also used to flavour Earl Grey and Lady Grey teas.
Moellhausen
BERGAMOT EO-HIXFORM
Odor: fresh, citrus, green, cologne note
Flavor: citrus, fresh
Naturex
Bergamot Oil Bergaptene Reduced
NAT arom®, in Ez-Caps™, AquaReady™ or Classic forms
Payand Betrand
Bergamot Oil rectified France
Pell Wall Perfumes
Bergamot FCF
Odor: Citrus, earl grey tea, fresh, aldehydic
Use: This form of bergamot has been rectified to remove the fourocoumarins that cause photosensitivity so that it can be used more freely.
Penta International
BERGAMOT OIL-BERGAPTENE FREE
Perfumer Supply House
Bergamot Oil, Bergaptene Free
Odor: A light citrus (orange and lemon) note with floral nuance. Woody finish
Use: Bergamot Oil Bergaptene-free has had the chemical bergaptene removed, which reduces (but doesn’t eliminate) the risk of photosensitization. Use with care if using on the skin when going in the sun.
Phoenix Aromas & Essential Oils
Bergamot Oil B.F.
R C Treatt & Co Ltd
Bergamot Oil Bergaptene Free
R C Treatt & Co Ltd
Bergamot Oil Low Furanocoumarin
Robertet
Bergamot Ess. oil (for fragrance)
Seasons and Harvest / Crop calendar
Robertet
Bergamot Italy low furocoumarin oil
100 % Pure & Natural
Odor: Fresh, zesty, bitter, slightly sweet
Stort Chemicals
Bergamot Oil Bergaptene Free
Taytonn ASCC
Bergamot Oil Bergaptene Free
The John D. Walsh Company
Bergamot Oil, B.F.
The Lebermuth Company
Bergamot BF Oil
Odor: Fresh, fruity -sweet citrus with a slightly balsamic undertone
Spring/Summer 2022 Fragrance Trends
The Lermond Company
BERGAMOT OIL BF P&N - AV
The Lermond Company
BERGAMOT OIL, BF NATURAL
The Lermond Company
BERGAMOT OIL, BF ORGANIC 95%
The Lermond Company
BERGAMOT OIL, BF ORGANIC
The Perfumery
Bergamot oil FCF, China
Odor: characteristic
Use: Bergamot oil has a sweet, fresh, floral aroma due to the natural constituents linalylacetate, linalool, and small amounts of methylanthranilate. Bergamot is well known for its use in the perfume and food industries, but don’t confuse it with other commonly named bergamots, such as bee balm (Monarda didyma) or bergamot mint (Mentha citrata). Many of our aromatherapists like to add Bergamot oil to massage blends due to the belief that Bergamot can help reduce muscle tension, boost the mind, and ease worried thoughts. Because this Bergamot is bergapten-free, it's a welcoming addition to skincare products and blends with no photosensitizing effects.
The Perfumery
Bergamot Oil, FCF, Italy
Odor: characteristic
Use: A colorless Bergamot Essential Oil that has the Furocoumarin removed.
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety Information:
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 10 - Flammable.
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
Flammable liquids (Category 3), H226
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogramflame.jpg
 
Signal word Warning
Hazard statement(s)
H226 - Flammable liquid and vapour
Precautionary statement(s)
P210 - Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking.
P233 - Keep container tightly closed.
P240 - Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241 - Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/…/equipment.
P242 - Use only non-sparking tools.
P243 - Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P303 + P361 + P353 - IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P370 + P378 - In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam for extinction.
P403 + P235 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50  11520 mg/kg
PHARAT
14,435,1959

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety in Use Information:
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect: Dermal sensitization and systemic toxicity
IFRA Purity Specification: bergaptenes reduced
IFRA fragrance material specification:
 Where the bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) content of all relevant oils present in a compound has been determined, it is recommended that for applications on areas of skin exposed to sunshine, excluding bath preparations, soaps and other products which are washed off the skin, the total level of bergapten in the consumer products should not exceed 0.0015% (15 ppm). This is equivalent to 0.0075% (75 ppm) in a fragrance compound used at 20% in the consumer product. Where the level of bergapten has not been determined by appropriate methods, the limits specified in the guidelines on individual oils should apply. In those cases, where such oils are used in combination with other phototoxic ingredients, the additive effect has to be taken into consideration and the use levels have to be reduced accordingly. The sum of the concentrations of all phototoxic fragrance ingredients, expressed in % of their recommended maximum level in the consumer product, shall not exceed 100.
contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only)
citral Max. Found: 0.43 % and Reason: Sensitization
geraniol Max. Found: 0.1 % and Reason: Sensitization
limits in the finished product for - "leave on the skin contact":
  0.4000 % Restriction.
limits in the finished product for - "wash off the skin contact":
  15.0000 % Recommendation.
limits in the finished product for - "no skin contact":
  30.0000 % Recommendation.
Recommendation for bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy usage levels up to:
  30.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
 
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -29.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -8.90000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: -43.00000
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: 1.00000130.00000
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -7.90000
fruit ices: -7.90000
gelatins / puddings: 5.3000090.00000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -27.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --
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Safety References:
EPI System: View
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: Search
AIDS Citations: Search
Cancer Citations: Search
Toxicology Citations: Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): 68648-33-9
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
WISER: UN 2319
WGK Germany: 2
 citrus × bergamia peel oil bergaptene reduced
Chemidplus: 0068648339
RTECS: DS0500000 for cas# 68648-33-9
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
References:
 citrus × bergamia peel oil bergaptene reduced
Canada Domestic Sub. List: 68648-33-9
Pubchem (sid): 135362701
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Other Information:
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): View
Export Tariff Code: 3301.11.0000
Wikipedia: View
FAO: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION
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Potential Blenders and core components note
 
For Odor
aldehydic
aldehydic
isobutyraldehydeFL/FR
 decanal (aldehyde C-10)FL/FR
6,7,8-decen-1-olFR
 dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric)FL/FR
 mandarine undecenalFL/FR
2-methyl undecanal (aldehyde C-12 mna)FL/FR
3-methyl-4-hexyl oxybutyraldehydeFR
 muguet undecadienalFR
 octanal (aldehyde C-8)FL/FR
 TMH aldehydeFR
 undecanalFL/FR
amber
 cistus ladaniferus resinoidFL/FR
anisic
para-anisaldehydeFL/FR
 estragoleFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum herb oilFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum herb oil egyptFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil americaFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil indiaFL/FR
balsamic
siam benzoin resinoidFL/FR
(E)-cinnamyl alcoholFL/FR
 cinnamyl formateFL/FR
 ethyl cinnamateFL/FR
 guaiyl acetateFL/FR
 opoponax oil (balsamodendron kafal)FL/FR
2-phenyl propyl alcoholFL/FR
 terpinyl butyrateFL/FR
 terpinyl cinnamateFL/FR
berry
 raspberry ketoneFL/FR
citronella
4,8-dimethyl-7-nonen-2-olFR
citrus
 acetaldehyde citronellyl methyl acetalFR
 bergamot acetoacetateFR
 bergamot fragranceFR
 bergamot oilFL/FR
 bergamot oil decolorizedFL/FR
 bergamot oil foldedFL/FR
 bergamot oil italyFL/FR
 bergamot oil ivory coastFL/FR
 bergamot oil replacerFR
 bergamot oil terpenelessFL/FR
 bergamot oil terpeneless replacerFL/FR
 bergamot oil turkeyFL/FR
 bergamot specialtyFR
beta-bisabololFL/FR
 citralFL/FR
 citral diethyl acetalFL/FR
 citral dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 citral ethylene glycol acetalFR
 citronella oil ceylonFL/FR
 citronellal oximeFR
 citrus floral green fragranceFR
 citrus ocimenolFR
 citrus specialtyFR
 cranberry orange spice fragranceFR
 dihydromyrcenolFL/FR
 dihydromyrcenyl acetateFR
2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanyl acetateFR
 dodecane nitrileFR
2-dodecanoneFL/FR
citrus floral fragranceFR
 grapefruit pentanolFR
 lemon oil c.p. californiaFL/FR
 lime octadienalFR
 lime oil distilled mexicoFL/FR
(Z)-linalool oxide (pyranoid)FL/FR
 mandarin oilFL/FR
 mandarin oil italyFL/FR
 methyl heptenoneFL/FR
3-methyl-4-(2-methyl butyl oxy) butyraldehydeFR
alpha-methylene citronellalFR
 myrcenyl acetateFL/FR
 neroli ketoneFR
 nonanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 orange nitrileFR
blood orange oil italyFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. brazilFL/FR
 petitgrain bergamot oilFL/FR
alpha-terpinyl methyl etherFL/FR
2-tetradecenalFL/FR
(E)-2-tetradecenalFL/FR
(±)-2,4,8-trimethyl-7-nonen-2-olFL/FR
 verbena fragranceFR
earthy
2-octanone oximeFR
 octyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
fatty
2-decenalFL/FR
(R)-gamma-octalactoneFL/FR
floral
 acetaldehyde dibutyl acetalFL/FR
 amyl benzoateFL/FR
alpha-amyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
isoamyl salicylateFL/FR
 amyl salicylateFL/FR
 anisyl propanal / methyl anthranilate schiff's baseFR
 bois de rose oil brazilFL/FR
 boronia absoluteFL/FR
 boronia concreteFL/FR
alpha-butyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
 cassie absoluteFL/FR
 cassis specialtyFR
 citronellalFL/FR
 citronellolFL/FR
(S)-citronellyl acetateFL/FR
 citronellyl acetateFL/FR
 citronellyl formateFL/FR
 citronellyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 citronellyl propionateFL/FR
 citrus bergamia risso leaf oilFR
 clary propionateFR
 coranol (Firmenich)FR
 coriander seed oilFL/FR
 coriander seed oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 cumin carbinolFR
 cyclamen aldehydeFL/FR
 dictamnus hispanicus oilFR
 dihydrocarvyl acetateFL/FR
 dihydrocitronellyl ethyl etherFR
(±)-2,3-dihydrofarnesolFL/FR
 dihydroisojasmonate methyl esterFR
 dihydrojasmoneFL/FR
 dihydrolinaloolFL/FR
 dimethyl benzyl carbinolFL/FR
 dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrateFL/FR
 dimethyl octanolFL/FR
6,8-dimethyl-2-nonanolFR
3,6-dimethyl-3-octanolFL/FR
 epoxylinalyl acetate 
 ethyl linaloolFR
 ethyl linalyl acetalFR
 ethyl linalyl acetateFR
 ethyl linalyl etherFL/FR
 ethyl phenoxyacetateFR
 farnesolFL/FR
 farnesyl acetateFL/FR
 floral butanalFR
 floral pyranolFR
 floral undecenoneFR
 gardenia absoluteFR
 gardenia acetalFR
 gardenia concreteFR
 geraniolFL/FR
 geranium oilFL/FR
 geranium oil africaFL/FR
 geranium oil bourbonFL/FR
 geranyl acetoneFL/FR
 geranyl formateFL/FR
 geranyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 geranyl nonanoateCS
 geranyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 geranyl propionateFL/FR
 heliotropinFL/FR
 heliotropyl acetoneFL/FR
 heliotropyl diethyl acetalFR
(Z)-4-hepten-2-yl salicylateFR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl salicylateFL/FR
alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
 hexyl lactateFL/FR
 ho leaf oilFR
 ho wood oilFR
 hyacinth oilFR
 hydrangea fragranceFR
 hydroxycitronellal diethyl acetalFL/FR
 hydroxycitronellal propylene glycol acetalFL/FR
 jasmin cyclopentanolFR
(Z)-jasmoneFL/FR
 jonquil absoluteFR
 jonquil absolute replacerFR
 lilac absoluteFR
 lily fragranceFR
 lily propanolFR
dextro-linaloolFL/FR
laevo-linaloolFL/FR
 linaloolFL/FR
 linalool oxideFL/FR
 linalyl anthranilateFL/FR
 linalyl benzoateFL/FR
 linalyl butyrateFL/FR
 linalyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 linalyl propionateFL/FR
 lotus fragranceFR
 magnolia indeneFR
(2-methoxy-1-methyl propyl) benzeneFR
(3-methoxy-2-methyl propyl) benzeneFR
ortho-methoxybenzyl ethyl etherFR
1-(2-methyl allyl oxy)-2-methyl butaneFR
 methyl citronellateFL/FR
 methyl dihydrojasmonateFL/FR
 mimosa absoluteFL/FR
 mimosa absolute franceFL/FR
 mimosa absolute indiaFL/FR
 muguet carbinolFL/FR
 muguet dienalFR
 muguet nitrileFR
 nerolFL/FR
 neroli oil bigardeFL/FR
 neroli oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 neroli oil tunisiaFL/FR
 nerolidolFL/FR
(E)-nerolidolFL/FR
 nerolidyl acetateFL/FR
 neryl acetateFL/FR
 neryl isovalerateFL/FR
 ocean propanalFL/FR
(S)-ocean propanal 
 ocean propanal / methyl anthranilate schiff's baseFR
beta-ocimeneFL/FR
 orange leaf absoluteFL/FR
bitter orangeflower absolute moroccoFL/FR
bitter orangeflower absolute tunisiaFL/FR
 orchid specialtyFR
 palmarosa oilFL/FR
 papaya isobutyrateFL/FR
 peony acetonitrileFR
 petitgrain absolute moroccoFL/FR
 petitgrain bergamot oil (citrus bergamia melarosa)FR
 petitgrain concreteFR
 petitgrain lemon oilFL/FR
 petitgrain oil moroccoFL/FR
 petitgrain oil paraguayFL/FR
 phenethyl acetateFL/FR
 phenethyl alcoholFL/FR
 phenethyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehyde dicitronellyl acetalFR
 phenyl acetaldehyde diisobutyl acetalFL/FR
2-phenyl propionaldehyde ethylene glycol acetalFR
 phenyl propyl phenyl acetateFR
 rhodinolFL/FR
 rhodinyl formateFL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa centifolia)FL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa centifolia) moroccoFL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa damascena) bulgariaFL/FR
 rose butanoateFL/FR
 rose oil (rosa centifolia) egyptFL/FR
 rose oil (rosa damascena) iranFL/FR
 rose oil (rosa damascena) turkeyFL/FR
(Z)-rose oxideFL/FR
laevo-rose oxideFL/FR
 rose pyranFR
 styralyl formateFL/FR
 sweet pea absoluteFR
 tagetes erecta flower oleoresin 
 terpinyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 tetrahydrolinaloolFL/FR
 tetrahydrolinalyl acetateFR
5-tricyclodecenyl acetateFR
(S)-2,5,6-trimethyl-2-heptanol 
 undecanal dimethyl acetalFR
 verdyl acetateFR
 violet methyl carbonateFR
 ylang ylang flower oil IIIFL/FR
fresh
3-(3-propen-2-yl phenyl) butanalFR
fruity
 allyl cyclohexyl propionateFL/FR
 benzyl methyl etherFL/FR
 bisaboleneFL/FR
 cinnamyl hexanoateFL/FR
 citronellyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 cyclohexyl crotonateFR
 dimethyl succinateFL/FR
2-ethyl butyl 2-butenoate 
 ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidateFL/FR
 green acetateFR
 linalyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 methyl acetoacetateFL/FR
 methyl anthranilateFL/FR
 nerolidyl isobutyrateFR
 ocimen-1-yl acetateFR
 peach pivalateFR
 phenoxyethyl propionateFL/FR
 tropical iononeFL/FR
fungal
 jasmin nonaneFR
green
alpha-allyl-4,6-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanyl acetate 
isoamyl 3-(2-furan) propionateFL/FR
 biphenyl 
isobutyl benzyl carbinolFL/FR
2-butyl-4-methyl-1,3-oxathiane 
 chrysanthemum oxideFL/FR
3,7-dimethyl-6-octenoic acidFL/FR
 earthy acetalFL/FR
 ethylene glycol diacetate 
2-ethylidene-6-methyl-cis-3-heptenal 
(Z)-beta-farnesene 
 flower hexeneFR
 galbanum oilFL/FR
 green carboxylateFR
 green cyclopropionateFR
2-heptyl pyridine 
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetoacetateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl angelateFR
 hexen-1-yl oxypropane nitrileFR
 hexyl (Z)-tiglateFL/FR
 hexyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
 hop oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 hyacinth absoluteFL/FR
2,4-ivy carbaldehydeFL/FR
 ivy dioxolaneFR
laevo-linalyl acetateFL/FR
dextro-linalyl acetateFL/FR
(2-methoxy-1-methyl butyl) benzeneFR
[(4E,4Z)-5-methoxy-3-methyl-4-penten-1-yl] benzeneFR
 methyl cyclocitrone (IFF)FR
para-methyl hydratropaldehydeFL/FR
 methyl octine carbonateFL/FR
4-methyl-4-phenyl pentanoneFR
 murraya koenigii leaf oil indiaFL/FR
2-nonanone oximeFR
1-(octahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5-yl)-propan-2-ol 
 octanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 octyl oxyacetaldehydeFR
 pelargonium graveolens stem leaf extractFR
 perilla alcoholFL/FR
 phenethyl tiglateFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehyde solutionFL/FR
 styralyl acetateFL/FR
 terpinyl propionateFL/FR
hay
 hay absoluteFR
herbal
 anethum graveolens herb oilFL/FR
 anethum graveolens herb tinctureFL/FR
 anthemis nobilis flower oil romanFL/FR
 bergamot mint herb oilFR
 camphene carbinyl acetateFR
 canarium luzonicum oilFL/FR
 carrot seed oil (daucus carota ssp. gummifer hook. fil.) spainFR
 carrot seed oil (daucus carota ssp. maximus (desf.) ball)FR
wild carrot seed oil terpenelessFL/FR
 celery ketoneFL/FR
 chrysanthemum ketoneFR
 clary octenoneFR
 clary sage absoluteFL/FR
 clary sage oil franceFL/FR
 coriander oleoresinFL/FR
 cuminyl acetateFL/FR
 daucus carota fruit oilFL/FR
 dihexyl (E)-fumarateFR
 dihydroterpinyl acetateFL/FR
 dill weed oil cubaFL/FR
 dill weed oil reunionFL/FR
 geranium cyclohexaneFR
 hop absoluteFL/FR
 hop oilFL/FR
abrialis lavandin oilFL/FR
 lavender absolute bulgariaFL/FR
 linalyl acetateFL/FR
 linalyl formateFL/FR
 linalyl isovalerateFL/FR
2-methyl butyl salicylateFL/FR
(1S,5R)-myrtenyl acetateFL/FR
 myrtle oilFL/FR
 nopyl acetateFR
3-octyl acetateFL/FR
curled parsley seed oilFL/FR
 perilla leaf oilFL/FR
 petitgrain heptaneFR
 petroselinum crispum seed oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehyde diisoamyl acetalFR
 terpineol acetateFL/FR
alpha-terpinyl acetateFL/FR
 thyme absoluteFL/FR
honey
 butyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
licorice
 ocimum basilicum herb oil vietnamFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil terpenelessFL/FR
medicinal
 kunzea ericoides leaf oilFR
melon
 melon heptenalFL/FR
 watermelon ketoneFR
musty
ketoisophoroneFL/FR
powdery
para-anisyl alcoholFL/FR
 dibenzyl ketoneFL/FR
spicy
alpha-amyl cinnamyl alcoholFL/FR
isobutyl angelateFL/FR
 cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 cinnamyl propionateFL/FR
 clove bud oilFL/FR
 cubeb oilFL/FR
 cumin seed absoluteFL/FR
 cuminaldehydeFL/FR
black currant bud absoluteFL/FR
isocyclogeraniol (IFF)FR
 elettaria cardamomum seed oilFL/FR
isoeugenyl acetateFL/FR
 gingergrass oilFR
2-octanolFL/FR
 pimenta acris leaf oilFL/FR
 spicy carbonateFR
 turmeric root oil chinaFL/FR
annus wormwood oil vietnamFL/FR
 zanthoxylum piperitum fruit absolute CO2 extractFL/FR
sulfurous
 lychee mercaptan acetateFL/FR
tea
 camellia oleifera leaf extractFL/FR
terpenic
(E,E)-2,6-alloocimeneFL/FR
alpha-terpineolFL/FR
tonka
 coumarinFR
 tonka bean absoluteFR
vanilla
 ethyl vanillinFL/FR
 vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia)FL/FR
waxy
 decanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
3-decanoneFL/FR
1,8-octane dinitrile 
1-undecanolFL/FR
woody
 dalbergia sissoo leaf oilFR
alpha-farneseneFL/FR
alpha-farnesene isomerFL/FR
 patchouli ethanoneFR
 patchouli oilFL/FR
 sandalwood oilFL/FR
 santallFR
 woody acetateFR
 
For Flavor
 
No flavor group found for these
 acetaldehyde dibutyl acetalFL/FR
alpha-allyl-4,6-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanyl acetate 
 amyl benzoateFL/FR
 boronia concreteFL/FR
2-butyl-4-methyl-1,3-oxathiane 
(E)-cinnamyl alcoholFL/FR
 cinnamyl hexanoateFL/FR
 cistus ladaniferus resinoidFL/FR
 cuminyl acetateFL/FR
 decanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
3-decanoneFL/FR
 dihydroterpinyl acetateFL/FR
 earthy acetalFL/FR
 epoxylinalyl acetate 
2-ethyl butyl 2-butenoate 
 ethyl linalyl etherFL/FR
 ethylene glycol diacetate 
2-ethylidene-6-methyl-cis-3-heptenal 
(Z)-beta-farnesene 
 guaiyl acetateFL/FR
2-heptyl pyridine 
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetoacetateFL/FR
 hexyl (Z)-tiglateFL/FR
 hyacinth absoluteFL/FR
 hydroxycitronellal propylene glycol acetalFL/FR
dextro-linaloolFL/FR
(Z)-linalool oxide (pyranoid)FL/FR
dextro-linalyl acetateFL/FR
laevo-linalyl acetateFL/FR
 linalyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 methyl acetoacetateFL/FR
2-methyl butyl salicylateFL/FR
 nerolidyl acetateFL/FR
(S)-ocean propanal 
(E,E)-2,6-alloocimeneFL/FR
1-(octahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5-yl)-propan-2-ol 
(R)-gamma-octalactoneFL/FR
1,8-octane dinitrile 
 octyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 perilla leaf oilFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehyde solutionFL/FR
 styralyl formateFL/FR
 tagetes erecta flower oleoresin 
 terpineol acetateFL/FR
 terpinyl isobutyrateFL/FR
2-tetradecenalFL/FR
4,4'-thiobis-2-butanoneFL
(S)-2,5,6-trimethyl-2-heptanol 
isoamyl 3-(2-furan) propionateFL/FR
alpha-butyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
aldehydic
isobutyraldehydeFL/FR
 octanal (aldehyde C-8)FL/FR
1-undecanolFL/FR
amber
isobutyl benzyl carbinolFL/FR
anisic
 ocimum basilicum herb oil egyptFL/FR
aromatic
 amyl salicylateFL/FR
balsamic
siam benzoin resinoidFL/FR
 ethyl cinnamateFL/FR
 opoponax oil (balsamodendron kafal)FL/FR
berry
 heliotropyl acetoneFL/FR
 raspberry ketoneFL/FR
bitter
 dibenzyl ketoneFL/FR
cherry
 heliotropinFL/FR
citrus
 bergamot flavorFL
 bergamot oilFL/FR
 bergamot oil decolorizedFL/FR
 bergamot oil foldedFL/FR
 bergamot oil italyFL/FR
 bergamot oil ivory coastFL/FR
 bergamot oil terpenelessFL/FR
 bergamot oil terpeneless replacerFL/FR
 bergamot oil turkeyFL/FR
 bergamot orange lime flavorFL
 bisaboleneFL/FR
beta-bisabololFL/FR
 citralFL/FR
 citral diethyl acetalFL/FR
 citral dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 citronella oil ceylonFL/FR
 lemon oil c.p. californiaFL/FR
 lime oil distilled mexicoFL/FR
laevo-linaloolFL/FR
 linaloolFL/FR
 mandarin oilFL/FR
 mandarin oil italyFL/FR
 myrcenyl acetateFL/FR
 nerolFL/FR
 neroli oil tunisiaFL/FR
blood orange oil italyFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. brazilFL/FR
 petitgrain bergamot oilFL/FR
 petitgrain lemon oilFL/FR
 petitgrain oil moroccoFL/FR
ketoisophoroneFL/FR
alpha-terpineolFL/FR
(±)-2,4,8-trimethyl-7-nonen-2-olFL/FR
creamy
para-anisaldehydeFL/FR
ethereal
4-hexen-3-oneFL
fatty
2-decenalFL/FR
 dimethyl octanolFL/FR
2-dodecanoneFL/FR
floral
 biphenyl 
 bois de rose oil brazilFL/FR
 cinnamyl propionateFL/FR
 citronellalFL/FR
 citronellolFL/FR
 citronellyl acetateFL/FR
(S)-citronellyl acetateFL/FR
 citronellyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 citronellyl propionateFL/FR
 dihydrocarvyl acetateFL/FR
(±)-2,3-dihydrofarnesolFL/FR
 dihydrojasmoneFL/FR
 dihydrolinaloolFL/FR
 dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrateFL/FR
3,7-dimethyl-6-octenoic acidFL/FR
 farnesolFL/FR
 farnesyl acetateFL/FR
 geraniolFL/FR
 geranium oilFL/FR
 geranium oil africaFL/FR
 geranium oil bourbonFL/FR
 geranyl acetoneFL/FR
 geranyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 geranyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
pseudoiononeFL
 linalyl acetateFL/FR
 linalyl anthranilateFL/FR
 linalyl butyrateFL/FR
 linalyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 methyl citronellateFL/FR
 methyl dihydrojasmonateFL/FR
 muguet carbinolFL/FR
 neroli oil bigardeFL/FR
 neroli oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 neryl acetateFL/FR
 ocean propanalFL/FR
 orange leaf absoluteFL/FR
bitter orangeflower absolute moroccoFL/FR
bitter orangeflower absolute tunisiaFL/FR
 petitgrain absolute moroccoFL/FR
 phenethyl alcoholFL/FR
 rhodinolFL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa centifolia)FL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa centifolia) moroccoFL/FR
 rose absolute (rosa damascena) bulgariaFL/FR
 rose oil (rosa centifolia) egyptFL/FR
 rose oil (rosa damascena) iranFL/FR
 rose oil (rosa damascena) turkeyFL/FR
laevo-rose oxideFL/FR
 terpinyl butyrateFL/FR
 tetrahydrolinaloolFL/FR
 tropical iononeFL/FR
 ylang ylang flower oil IIIFL/FR
fruity
 allyl cyclohexyl propionateFL/FR
para-anisyl alcoholFL/FR
 benzyl methyl etherFL/FR
 boronia absoluteFL/FR
 citronellyl formateFL/FR
 citronellyl isobutyrateFL/FR
 dimethyl succinateFL/FR
 ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidateFL/FR
 hexyl lactateFL/FR
 linalyl benzoateFL/FR
 linalyl isovalerateFL/FR
 methyl anthranilateFL/FR
(E,E)-methyl sorbateFL
 neryl isovalerateFL/FR
 rhodinyl formateFL/FR
 rose butanoateFL/FR
 styralyl acetateFL/FR
 terpinyl cinnamateFL/FR
grassy
 palmarosa oilFL/FR
green
isoamyl salicylateFL/FR
 anethum graveolens herb tinctureFL/FR
isobutyl angelateFL/FR
 canarium luzonicum oilFL/FR
 celery ketoneFL/FR
 chrysanthemum oxideFL/FR
 cucumber distillatesFL
 cyclamen aldehydeFL/FR
 dihydromyrcenolFL/FR
3,4-dimethoxystyreneFL
alpha-farneseneFL/FR
alpha-farnesene isomerFL/FR
 galbanum oilFL/FR
 geranyl formateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetateFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl salicylateFL/FR
 hexyl 2-methyl butyrateFL/FR
2,4-ivy carbaldehydeFL/FR
 linalool oxideFL/FR
 melon heptenalFL/FR
 methyl 2-undecynoateFL
 methyl heptenoneFL/FR
para-methyl hydratropaldehydeFL/FR
 methyl octine carbonateFL/FR
(E)-nerolidolFL/FR
 nerolidolFL/FR
(E,E)-2,6-nonadienalFL
 nonanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
beta-ocimeneFL/FR
 octanal dimethyl acetalFL/FR
3-octyl acetateFL/FR
 papaya isobutyrateFL/FR
 phenethyl tiglateFL/FR
 phenyl acetaldehyde diisobutyl acetalFL/FR
2-phenyl propyl alcoholFL/FR
(Z)-rose oxideFL/FR
 terpinyl propionateFL/FR
herbal
 anethum graveolens herb oilFL/FR
 anthemis nobilis flower oil romanFL/FR
wild carrot seed oil terpenelessFL/FR
 clary sage absoluteFL/FR
 clary sage oil franceFL/FR
 coriander oleoresinFL/FR
 coriander seed oilFL/FR
 coriander seed oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 daucus carota fruit oilFL/FR
 dill weed oil cubaFL/FR
 dill weed oil reunionFL/FR
3,6-dimethyl-3-octanolFL/FR
 hop absoluteFL/FR
 hop oilFL/FR
abrialis lavandin oilFL/FR
 lavender absolute bulgariaFL/FR
 linalyl formateFL/FR
 linalyl propionateFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum herb oilFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil americaFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil indiaFL/FR
curled parsley seed oilFL/FR
 petitgrain oil paraguayFL/FR
 petroselinum crispum seed oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 thyme absoluteFL/FR
honey
 butyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
 phenethyl acetateFL/FR
 phenethyl phenyl acetateFL/FR
juicy
 lychee mercaptan acetateFL/FR
licorice
 estragoleFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum herb oil vietnamFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil terpenelessFL/FR
medicinal
 dimethyl benzyl carbinolFL/FR
melon
 hydroxycitronellal diethyl acetalFL/FR
soapy
 dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric)FL/FR
spicy
alpha-amyl cinnamyl alcoholFL/FR
 cassie absoluteFL/FR
 cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 cinnamyl formateFL/FR
 clove bud oilFL/FR
 cubeb oilFL/FR
 cumin seed absoluteFL/FR
 cuminaldehydeFL/FR
black currant bud absoluteFL/FR
 elettaria cardamomum seed oilFL/FR
isoeugenyl acetateFL/FR
 hop oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 murraya koenigii leaf oil indiaFL/FR
 myrtle oilFL/FR
2-octanolFL/FR
 pimenta acris leaf oilFL/FR
 turmeric root oil chinaFL/FR
annus wormwood oil vietnamFL/FR
 zanthoxylum piperitum fruit absolute CO2 extractFL/FR
tea
 camellia oleifera leaf extractFL/FR
tropical
alpha-amyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
vanilla
 ethyl vanillinFL/FR
 vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia)FL/FR
waxy
 decanal (aldehyde C-10)FL/FR
 geranyl propionateFL/FR
alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
 mandarine undecenalFL/FR
2-methyl undecanal (aldehyde C-12 mna)FL/FR
 mimosa absoluteFL/FR
 mimosa absolute franceFL/FR
 mimosa absolute indiaFL/FR
 phenoxyethyl propionateFL/FR
(E)-2-tetradecenalFL/FR
 undecanalFL/FR
woody
(Z)-jasmoneFL/FR
(1S,5R)-myrtenyl acetateFL/FR
 patchouli oilFL/FR
 perilla alcoholFL/FR
 sandalwood oilFL/FR
alpha-terpinyl acetateFL/FR
alpha-terpinyl methyl etherFL/FR
 
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Potential Uses:
 a suma 
 abroniaFR
 acaciaFR
 agateFR
 aimant 
 amberFR
 ambreneFR
 amour-amour 
 angel essenceFR
 baisers du printemps 
 balsamFR
 bergamotFR
 blue dream 
 blue grassFR
 bouquetFR
 cabochard 
 cedratFR
 chanel #5 
 chypreFR
 cinnamonFR
 citrusFR
 cloverFR
 cologneFR
 coloniaFR
 couronne de fleurs 
 dilleniaFR
 elder flowerFR
 emeraude 
 fernFR
 fetesFR
 fleurs de montpellier 
 floralFR
 florida breezeFR
 florida soapFR
 forestFR
 freesiaFR
 gardeniaFR
 genetFR
 huile de mille fleurs 
 jasminFR
 je reviens 
 jicky 
 juniper berryFR
 lavenderFR
 leatherFR
 lemonFR
 lily of the valleyFR
 millefleursFR
 mimosaFR
 nemesia 
 neroliFR
 ophiraFR
 opoponaxFR
 orange blossomFR
 orientalFR
 patchouliFR
 pearFR
 presence 
 resedaFR
 rose white roseFR
 sandalwoodFR
 shalimar 
 spring rainFR
 sweet peaFR
 tabu 
 violetFR
 vol de nuit 
 wallflowerFR
 west end 
 white shoulders 
 windsor soapFR
 wisteriaFR
 woodyFR
 ylang ylangFR
 zibelineFR
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 bergamot peel
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Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Synonyms:
 bergamot B.F oil organic
 bergamot EO-hiXform
 bergamot ess. oil (for fragrance) (Robertet)
 bergamot essential oil BF
 bergamot italy BF essential oil
 bergamot oil bergaptene free italy
 bergamot oil (bergaptene free) italy, calabria organic
 bergamot oil B.F.
 bergamot oil bergaptene free
 bergamot oil bergaptene free FCC
 bergamot oil bergaptene reduced
 bergamot oil bergaptene reduced (citrus aurantium var. bergamia wright et arn.) italy
 bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy
 bergamot oil italian bergaptene free
 bergamot oil psoralen reduced italy
 bergamot oil rectified ivory coast
 bergamot oil, B.F.
 bergamot oil, bergaptene free colorless
 bergamot orange oil bergaptene reduced italy
 bergamote SS bergaptene deco eo
 bergamote SS bergaptene ess select 01
 citrus aurantium bergamia peel oil psoralen reduced italy
 citrus aurantium var. bergamia peel oil bergaptene reduced italy
 citrus bergamia peel oil psoralen reduced italy
 citrus x bergamia peel oil psoralen reduced italy
 oil bergamot italian rectified, furo coumarin reduced
 volatile oil obtained from the peel of citrus aurantium bergamia, rutaceae, bergaptene reduced
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Articles:
PubMed: Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application.
PubMed: Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) Flavonoids and Their Potential Benefits in Human Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis: an Overview.
PubMed: The essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso induces vasorelaxation of the mouse aorta by activating K(+) channels and inhibiting Ca(2+) influx.
PubMed: In vitro effect of bergamot (Citrus bergamia) juice against cagA-positive and-negative clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori.
PubMed: Effects of bergamot ( Citrus bergamia (Risso) Wright & Arn.) essential oil aromatherapy on mood states, parasympathetic nervous system activity, and salivary cortisol levels in 41 healthy females.
PubMed: Effect of Citrus bergamia juice on human neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in metastatic xenograft models.
PubMed: Ultra high performance liquid chromatography with ion-trap TOF-MS for the fast characterization of flavonoids in Citrus bergamia juice.
PubMed: Mechanisms underlying the anti-tumoral effects of Citrus Bergamia juice.
PubMed: Citrus bergamia Risso Elevates Intracellular Ca (2+) in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells due to Release of Ca (2+) from Primary Intracellular Stores.
PubMed: In vitro activity of Citrus bergamia (bergamot) oil against clinical isolates of dermatophytes.
PubMed: Protective effects of an extract from Citrus bergamia against inflammatory injury in interferon-γ and histamine exposed human keratinocytes.
PubMed: In vitro antimycoplasmal activity of Citrus bergamia essential oil and its major components.
PubMed: Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) fruit extracts and identified components alter expression of interleukin 8 gene in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cell lines.
PubMed: Citrus bergamia juice: phytochemical and technological studies.
PubMed: Acute effects of bergamot oil on anxiety-related behaviour and corticosterone level in rats.
PubMed: Antiviral activity of seed extract from Citrus bergamia towards human retroviruses.
PubMed: Selective removal of monoterpenes from bergamot oil by inclusion in deoxycholic acid.
PubMed: Proline derivatives in fruits of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poit): presence of N-methyl-L-proline and 4-hydroxy-L-prolinebetaine.
PubMed: In vitro photo-induced cytotoxic activity of Citrus bergamia and C. medica L. cv. Diamante peel essential oils and identified active coumarins.
PubMed: Action spectrum for bergamot-oil phototoxicity measured by sunburn cell counting.
PubMed: Citrus bergamia Risso & Poiteau juice protects against renal injury of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats.
PubMed: Phototoxic properties of perfumes containing bergamot oil on human skin: photoprotective effect of UVA and UVB sunscreens.
PubMed: Implication of limonene and linalyl acetate in cytotoxicity induced by bergamot essential oil in human neuroblastoma cells.
PubMed: In vitro photostability and photosensitizing properties of bergamot oil. Effects of a cinnamate sunscreen.
PubMed: Bergamot essential oil differentially modulates intracellular Ca2+ levels in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells: a new finding seen with fura-2.
PubMed: Phototumorigenesis studies of 5-methoxypsoralen in bergamot oil: evaluation and modification of risk of human use in an albino mouse skin model.
PubMed: [Phototoxicity of Bergamot oil. Comparison between humans and guinea pigs].
PubMed: Statin-like principles of bergamot fruit (Citrus bergamia): isolation of 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl flavonoid glycosides.
PubMed: Effects of rootstock on the composition of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) essential oil.
PubMed: Phototoxicity of bergamot oil assessed by in vitro techniques in combination with human patch tests.
PubMed: Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) fruit extracts as γ-globin gene expression inducers: phytochemical and functional perspectives.
PubMed: High quality bergamot oil from Greece: Chemical analysis using chiral gas chromatography and larvicidal activity against the West Nile virus vector.
PubMed: [Toxic mustard plaster dematitis and phototoxic dematitis after application of bergamot oil].
PubMed: Evaluation of phototoxic and photogenotoxic risk associated with the use of photosensitizers in suntan preparations: application to tanning preparations containing bergamot oil.
PubMed: Genotoxicity of bergapten and bergamot oil in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed: Pectin methylesterase in Citrus bergamia R.: purification, biochemical characterisation and sequence of the exon related to the enzyme active site.
PubMed: Comparison of the volatile constituents in cold-pressed bergamot oil and a volatile oil isolated by vacuum distillation.
PubMed: The photochemistry and photobiology of bergamot oil as a perfume ingredient: an overview.
PubMed: Local sensitization of the skin to Grenz rays by bergamot oil.
PubMed: The protective effect of bergamot oil extract on lecitine-like oxyLDL receptor-1 expression in balloon injury-related neointima formation.
PubMed: Combination of supercritical CO2 and vacuum distillation for the fractionation of bergamot oil.
PubMed: Toxic profile of bergamot essential oil on survival and proliferation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
PubMed: Hypolipidemic effects of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau juice in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet.
PubMed: Distribution of flavonoids and furocoumarins in juices from cultivars of Citrus bergamia Risso.
PubMed: Chemical and biological diversity of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) in relation to environmental factors.
PubMed: A study of oil of bergamot and its importance as a phototoxic agent. II. Factors which affect the phototoxic reaction induced by bergamot oil and psoralen derivatives.
PubMed: Study of the extraction procedure by experimental design and validation of a LC method for determination of flavonoids in Citrus bergamia juice.
PubMed: [Contact dermatitis caused by bergamot oil].
PubMed: Effects of bergamot essential oil and its extractive fractions on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell growth.
PubMed: Characterization of flavonoids and pectins from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel, a major byproduct of essential oil extraction.
PubMed: [Chemical composition of the endocarpus of the fruit of bergamot (Citrus bergamia, Risso)].
PubMed: [The zinc oxide and bergamot oil gingival dressing and rationale of its preparation].
PubMed: [EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GINGIVAL DRESSING WITH BERGAMOT OIL].
PubMed: Evaluation of flavonoids and furanocoumarins from Citrus bergamia (Bergamot) juice and identification of new compounds.
PubMed: Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids extracted from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel, a byproduct of the essential oil industry.
PubMed: Enzymatic hydrolysis of flavonoids and pectic oligosaccharides from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel.
PubMed: Flavonoid glycosides in bergamot juice (Citrus bergamia Risso).
PubMed: Rodenticidal activity of two natural coumarines from ether extract of Citrus bergamia.
PubMed: [Accidents due to tanning cosmetics with a base of bergamot oil].
PubMed: [Simplified method of preparation of the zinc oxide-bergamot oil gingival dressing].
PubMed: The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of bergamot juice extract (BJe) in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease.
PubMed: Linalool Affects the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Essential Oils.
PubMed: In Vitro Activity of Twenty Commercially Available, Plant-Derived Essential Oils against Selected Dermatophyte Species.
PubMed: A Systematic Review of the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Essential Oils in Animal Models.
PubMed: TELOMERE AND TELOMERASE MODULATION BY BERGAMOT POLYPHENOLIC FRACTION IN EXPERIMENTAL PHOTOAGEING IN HUMAN KERATINOCYTES.
PubMed: Eriocitrin and Apigenin as New Carbonic Anhydrase VA Inhibitors from a Virtual Screening of Calabrian Natural Products.
PubMed: Fungal decay and shelf life of oranges coated with chitosan and bergamot, thyme, and tea tree essential oils.
PubMed: The use of aromasticks at a cancer centre: a retrospective audit.
PubMed: The essential oil of bergamot stimulates reactive oxygen species production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
PubMed: Antibacterial activity of essential oils, their blends and mixtures of their main constituents against some strains supporting livestock mastitis.
PubMed: Flavonoid fraction of Bergamot juice reduces LPS-induced inflammatory response through SIRT1-mediated NF-κB inhibition in THP-1 monocytes.
PubMed: Bergamot juice extract inhibits proliferation by inducing apoptosis in human colon cancer cells.
PubMed: Magnetically recoverable, thermostable, hydrophobic DNA/silica encapsulates and their application as invisible oil tags.
PubMed: Role of D-Limonene in autophagy induced by bergamot essential oil in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
PubMed: Anticancer activity of liposomal bergamot essential oil (BEO) on human neuroblastoma cells.
PubMed: Peripherally injected linalool and bergamot essential oil attenuate mechanical allodynia via inhibiting spinal ERK phosphorylation.
PubMed: The anti-biofilm activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) essential oils against five strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
PubMed: N-methylated tryptamine derivatives in citrus genus plants: identification of N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine in bergamot.
PubMed: Inhibitory effect of essential oils against Trichosporon ovoides causing Piedra Hair Infection.
PubMed: Effects of systemic administration of the essential oil of bergamot (BEO) on gross behaviour and EEG power spectra recorded from the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
PubMed: The mechanism of action of a citrus oil blend against Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.
PubMed: Prevention of Glutamate Accumulation and Upregulation of Phospho-Akt may Account for Neuroprotection Afforded by Bergamot Essential Oil against Brain Injury Induced by Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rat.
PubMed: Inhalation aromatherapy in children and adolescents undergoing stem cell infusion: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind trial.
PubMed: Intraplantar injection of bergamot essential oil into the mouse hindpaw: effects on capsaicin-induced nociceptive behaviors.
PubMed: Occurrence of pipecolic acid and pipecolic acid betaine (homostachydrine) in Citrus genus plants.
PubMed: [Analysis of 14 elements for Jinhua bergamot by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and elemental analyser].
PubMed: Cell signaling pathways in the mechanisms of neuroprotection afforded by bergamot essential oil against NMDA-induced cell death in vitro.
PubMed: The effect of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components on the survival of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in food systems.
PubMed: Betaines in fruits of Citrus genus plants.
PubMed: Aroma-therapeutic effects of massage blended essential oils on humans.
PubMed: Antioxidant/lipoxygenase inhibitory activities and chemical compositions of selected essential oils.
PubMed: Update of the toxicological assessment of furanocoumarins in foodstuffs (Update of the SKLM statement of 23/24 September 2004)--Opinion of the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG).
PubMed: Intraplantar injection of bergamot essential oil induces peripheral antinociception mediated by opioid mechanism.
PubMed: UVB phototherapeutic modalities. Comparison of two treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis.
PubMed: Neuropharmacology of the essential oil of bergamot.
PubMed: Effects of music and essential oil inhalation on cardiac autonomic balance in healthy individuals.
PubMed: [Not Available].
PubMed: In vitro protective effects of two extracts from bergamot peels on human endothelial cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).
PubMed: New asymmetrical per-substituted cyclodextrins (2-O-methyl-3-O-ethyl- and 2-O-ethyl-3-O-methyl-6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-beta-derivatives) as chiral selectors for enantioselective gas chromatography in the flavour and fragrance field.
PubMed: [Purely natural: phototoxic dermatitis].
PubMed: Assessment of the phototoxic hazard of some essential oils using modified 3T3 neutral red uptake assay.
PubMed: In vitro activity of bergamot natural essence and furocoumarin-free and distilled extracts, and their associations with boric acid, against clinical yeast isolates.
PubMed: Inhibition of bergaptene toxicity by UV-A filters.
PubMed: Determination of 5-methoxypsoralen in human serum.
PubMed: [The effects of aromatherapy on stress and stress responses in adolescents].
PubMed: In vitro inhibition of vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis in the presence of citrus essential oils.
PubMed: Estimating bergamot juice adulteration of lemon juice by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of flavanone glycosides.
PubMed: Further insights into the floral character of Touriga Nacional wines.
PubMed: Phytophotodermatitis.
PubMed: The survival of three strains of Arcobacter butzleri in the presence of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components in vitro and on food.
PubMed: Inhalation aromatherapy during radiotherapy: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial.
PubMed: Analysis of limette and bergamot distilled essential oils by HPLC.
PubMed: Dangers of the intake of psoralens and subsequent UV exposure producing significant burns.
PubMed: Quantitative assessment of epidermal melanogenesis in C3H/Tif hr/hr mice treated with topical furocoumarins and UVA radiation.
PubMed: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of citropten and bergapten in suction blister fluid after solar product application in humans.
PubMed: [Vitamin content of bergamot].
PubMed: Mosquito larvicidal activity of aromatic medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens.
PubMed: Toxic effects of six plant oils alone and in combination with controlled atmosphere on Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae).
PubMed: Studies on the genotoxic properties of essential oils with Bacillus subtilis rec-assay and Salmonella/microsome reversion assay.
PubMed: [Effects of aroma hand massage on pain, state anxiety and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer].
PubMed: Evaluation of phototoxic properties of fragrances.
PubMed: [The effects of the inhalation method using essential oils on blood pressure and stress responses of clients with essential hypertension].
PubMed: The essential oil of bergamot enhances the levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of rat: implication of monoterpene hydrocarbons.
PubMed: High-throughput analysis of bergamot essential oil by fast solid-phase microextraction-capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detection.
PubMed: Determination of some heavy metals and selenium in Sicilian and Calabrian citrus essential oils using derivative stripping chronopotentiometry.
PubMed: Pesticide and plasticizer residues in bergamot essential oils from Calabria (Italy).
PubMed: Earl Grey, in excess.
PubMed: Accidental bullous phototoxic reactions to bergamot aromatherapy oil.
PubMed: How big is a drop? A volumetric assay of essential oils.
PubMed: Photoreactivity of 5-geranoxypsoralen and lack of photoreaction with DNA.
PubMed: Citropten and bergapten suction blister fluid concentrations after solar product application in man.
PubMed: A quantitative in vitro assay for the evaluation of phototoxic potential of topically applied materials.
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