Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless to pale greenish yellow clear liquid (est) |
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 0.86200 to 0.87000 @ 25.00 °C.
|
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 7.173 to 7.239
|
Refractive Index: | 1.45900 to 1.46790 @ 20.00 °C.
|
Optical Rotation: | +15.00 to +28.00
|
Flash Point: | 125.00 °F. TCC ( 51.67 °C. )
|
Shelf Life: | 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | dipropylene glycol | | water, 20.12 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Insoluble in: |
| water |
Stability: |
| bath foam | | cream | | detergent | | hair spray | | lipstick | | lotion | | non-discoloring in most media | | powder | | shampoo |
Organoleptic Properties:
|
Odor Type: citrus |
|
Odor Strength: | medium |
|
Substantivity: | 8 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
|
| citrus floral woody orange herbal |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | citrus floral woody orange linalyl acetate Luebke, William tgsc, (1984) |
|
| citrus floral sweet spicy green orange peel lemon lime ginger |
Odor Description:
| Citrus, floral, sweet, spicy, green and orange peely, with lemon, lime and ginger nuances Mosciano, Gerard P&F 23, No. 2, 43, (1998) |
|
|
Flavor Type: citrus |
|
| citrus floral rose green lemon fatty ginger lime |
Taste Description: at 25.00 ppm. | Citrus,floral, rosy, green, lemon and fatty with a ginger and lime nuance Mosciano, Gerard P&F 23, No. 2, 43, (1998) |
|
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
|
Moellhausen |
BERGAMOT EO-HIXFORM |
Odor Description: | fresh, citrus, green, cologne note |
Taste Description: | citrus, fresh |
|
Pell Wall Perfumes |
Bergamot FCF |
Odor Description: | Citrus, earl grey tea, fresh, aldehydic This form of bergamot has been rectified to remove the fourocoumarins that cause photosensitivity so that it can be used more freely. |
|
|
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Absolute Cosmetic Essentials |
Bergamot FCF
|
Albert Vieille SAS |
Bergapten-free bergamot Essential oil Italy
Odor: asting citrus scent, with characteristic fresh, lively notes and zesty facets Use: Bergamot, also known by the botanical name of Citrus aurantium subsp bergamia, is a citrus fruit grown mainly in the Sicily and Calabria regions of Italy. The tree of the same name that bears this fruit with the tart, bitter pulp does not exist in the wild. It is apparently the result of an ancient hybridization of the bitter orange tree and the lemon tree and can grow up to five meters high. In the spring, it is covered with very fragrant white flowers that, between December and March, give way to small, yellow-green fruit having a thick peel covered in oil-filled vesicles. Our Italian bergapten-free bergamot essential oil is obtained by cold expression of the pericarp of the ripe fruit, followed by steam distillation to remove the bergapten, a photo-sensitizing component that can have adverse side effects. This modification gives the absolute particularly desirable qualities for use in perfumery and cosmetics: purified composition, colorless appearance, and improved fixative properties. It has a lasting citrus scent, with characteristic fresh, lively notes and zesty facets. |
Harvest Calendar |
Artiste |
Bergamot Oil Italian Bergaptene Free
|
Azelis UK |
Organic Bergamot Oil FCF Italy
|
Berjé |
bergamot oil B.F.
|
Media |
Bontoux |
BERGAMOT ITALY BF ESSENTIAL OIL
|
Camden-Grey Essential Oils |
Bergamot (bergaptene free) essential oil, Bulk
Odor: characteristic Use: Used in douches and sitz baths, bergamot oil has proved successful in gonococcal infections, leucorrhoea, vaginal prurities and urinary infections; add no more than 2-3 drops to some warm water. Its antiseptic properties make it ideal for treating wounds, herpes, acne and oily skin conditions. Bergamot imparts that unusual flavor to Earl Grey tea. It was and still is an important ingredient in the classic Eau de Cologne formula. Blends well with chamomile, lavender, neroli and rosemary. Regular Bergamot is a photosensitizer (increases the skin reaction to sunlight and makes it more likely to burn). Our Bergaptene-free Bergamot has had the chemical bergaptene removed and this greatly reduces the risk of photosensitization when exposed to the sun after use. |
Camden-Grey Essential Oils |
Bergamot (bergaptene free) essential oil
|
Charabot |
Bergamot Italy low furocoumarin oil
100 % Pure & Natural Odor: Fresh, zesty, bitter, slightly sweet |
Charkit Chemical |
BERGAMOT OIL BF
|
CITROFLOR |
Bergamot Oil Bergapten Free FCF (Colorless)
|
Citrus and Allied Essences |
Oil Bergamot Italian rectified, furo coumarin reduced
|
Market Report |
Creatingperfume.com |
Bergamot Essential Oil
|
Diffusions Aromatiques |
BERGAMOTE DESESQUITERPENEE ITALIE ESSENCE
|
Diffusions Aromatiques |
BERGAMOTE S/S BERGAPTENE HE BIO
|
Elixens America |
Bergamot Oil Berg. Free Italy
Certified Organic |
Ernesto Ventós |
BERGAMOT OIL, BERGAPTENE FREE COLORLESS
|
Ernesto Ventós |
BERGAMOT OIL, BERGAPTENE FREE
|
Excellentia International |
Bergamot Oil Decolorized (Non-Sensitizing)
|
Fleurchem |
bergamot oil bergaptene free
|
Global Essence |
Bergamot Oil (Many Varieties Available)
|
Global Essence |
Bergamot Oil BF Organic
|
Hermitage Oils |
Bergamot E.O BF/FCF FREE
Odor: characteristic Use: Adam Michael has this to say about Bergamot Essential Oil BF/FCF FREE “The bergamot tree (Citrus bergamia) takes its name from the small town of Bergamo in Northern Italy. The fruit (like a miniature orange), has been used for hundreds of years in Italian folk medicine, but not in that of other countries, as the tree was almost unknown outside Italy, and the fruit was not exported until relatively recent times. |
Indenta Group |
Bergamot Oil (bergaptene Free)
|
Indukern F&F |
BERGAMOT OIL (FUROCOUMARIN FREE)
Odor: CITRUS, BERGAMOT, FRESH, SWEET |
Kanta Enterprises |
Bergamote Berg/f. Italy Oil
|
Lluch Essence |
BERGAMOTE BERG/F. ITALY OIL
|
Mane |
Bergamot Rectified Essential Oil (furocoumarin-free)
Odor: Floral Terpenic Warm Use: This tree, resulting from a hybridisation between orange and lemon trees, has been mainly grown in the region of Calabria in Italy ever since it was used by an Italian perfumer to develop the famous Eau de Cologne. The essence extracted from the aromatic skin of the sour fruit is also used to flavour Earl Grey and Lady Grey teas. |
Moellhausen |
BERGAMOT EO-HIXFORM
Odor: fresh, citrus, green, cologne note Flavor: citrus, fresh |
Naturex |
Bergamot Oil Bergaptene Reduced
NAT arom®, in Ez-Caps™, AquaReady™ or Classic forms |
Payand Betrand |
Bergamot Oil rectified France
|
Pell Wall Perfumes |
Bergamot FCF
Odor: Citrus, earl grey tea, fresh, aldehydic Use: This form of bergamot has been rectified to remove the fourocoumarins that cause photosensitivity so that it can be used more freely. |
Penta International |
BERGAMOT OIL-BERGAPTENE FREE
|
Perfumer Supply House |
Bergamot Oil, Bergaptene Free
Odor: A light citrus (orange and lemon) note with floral nuance. Woody finish Use: Bergamot Oil Bergaptene-free has had the chemical bergaptene removed, which reduces (but doesn’t eliminate) the risk of photosensitization. Use with care if using on the skin when going in the sun. |
Phoenix Aromas & Essential Oils |
Bergamot Oil B.F.
|
R C Treatt & Co Ltd |
Bergamot Oil Bergaptene Free
|
R C Treatt & Co Ltd |
Bergamot Oil Low Furanocoumarin
|
Robertet |
Bergamot Ess. oil (for fragrance)
|
Seasons and Harvest / Crop calendar |
Robertet |
Bergamot Italy low furocoumarin oil
100 % Pure & Natural Odor: Fresh, zesty, bitter, slightly sweet |
Stort Chemicals |
Bergamot Oil Bergaptene Free
|
Taytonn ASCC |
Bergamot Oil Bergaptene Free
|
The John D. Walsh Company |
Bergamot Oil, B.F.
|
The Lebermuth Company |
Bergamot BF Oil
Odor: Fresh, fruity -sweet citrus with a slightly balsamic undertone |
Spring/Summer 2022 Fragrance Trends |
The Lermond Company |
BERGAMOT OIL BF P&N - AV
|
The Lermond Company |
BERGAMOT OIL, BF NATURAL
|
The Lermond Company |
BERGAMOT OIL, BF ORGANIC 95%
|
The Lermond Company |
BERGAMOT OIL, BF ORGANIC
|
The Perfumery |
Bergamot oil FCF, China
Odor: characteristic Use: Bergamot oil has a sweet, fresh, floral aroma due to the natural constituents linalylacetate, linalool, and small amounts of methylanthranilate. Bergamot is well known for its use in the perfume and food industries, but don’t confuse it with other commonly named bergamots, such as bee balm (Monarda didyma) or bergamot mint (Mentha citrata). Many of our aromatherapists like to add Bergamot oil to massage blends due to the belief that Bergamot can help reduce muscle tension, boost the mind, and ease worried thoughts. Because this Bergamot is bergapten-free, it's a welcoming addition to skincare products and blends with no photosensitizing effects. |
The Perfumery |
Bergamot Oil, FCF, Italy
Odor: characteristic Use: A colorless Bergamot Essential Oil that has the Furocoumarin removed. |
Safety Information:
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | Xi - Irritant |
R 10 - Flammable. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
|
|
Hazards identification |
|
Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
Flammable liquids (Category 3), H226
|
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
|
Pictogram | |
|
Signal word | Warning |
Hazard statement(s) |
H226 - Flammable liquid and vapour
|
Precautionary statement(s) |
P210 - Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P233 - Keep container tightly closed. P240 - Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. P241 - Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/…/equipment. P242 - Use only non-sparking tools. P243 - Take precautionary measures against static discharge. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P303 + P361 + P353 - IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. P370 + P378 - In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam for extinction. P403 + P235 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.
|
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 11520 mg/kg PHARAT 14,435,1959
|
Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
|
Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
IFRA Critical Effect: | Dermal sensitization and systemic toxicity |
IFRA Purity Specification: | bergaptenes reduced |
IFRA fragrance material specification: | | Where the bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) content of all relevant oils present in a compound has been determined, it is recommended that for applications on areas of skin exposed to sunshine, excluding bath preparations, soaps and other products which are washed off the skin, the total level of bergapten in the consumer products should not exceed 0.0015% (15 ppm). This is equivalent to 0.0075% (75 ppm) in a fragrance compound used at 20% in the consumer product.
Where the level of bergapten has not been determined by appropriate methods, the limits specified in the guidelines on individual oils should apply.
In those cases, where such oils are used in combination with other phototoxic ingredients, the additive effect has to be taken into consideration and the use levels have to be reduced accordingly. The sum of the concentrations of all phototoxic fragrance ingredients, expressed in % of their recommended maximum level in the consumer product, shall not exceed 100. |
contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only) |
citral | Max. Found: 0.43 % and Reason: Sensitization |
geraniol | Max. Found: 0.1 % and Reason: Sensitization |
limits in the finished product for - "leave on the skin contact": | | 0.4000 % Restriction.
|
limits in the finished product for - "wash off the skin contact": | | 15.0000 % Recommendation.
|
limits in the finished product for - "no skin contact": | | 30.0000 % Recommendation.
|
Recommendation for bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy usage levels up to: | | 30.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
|
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 29.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 8.90000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | 43.00000 |
condiments / relishes: | - | - |
confectionery froastings: | 1.00000 | 130.00000 |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | 7.90000 |
fruit ices: | - | 7.90000 |
gelatins / puddings: | 5.30000 | 90.00000 |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | - | 27.00000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | - |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
| citrus × bergamia peel oil bergaptene reduced |
Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 68648-33-9 |
Pubchem (sid): | 135362701 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
|
For Odor |
aldehydic |
aldehydic |
iso | butyraldehyde | FL/FR |
| decanal (aldehyde C-10) | FL/FR |
6,7,8- | decen-1-ol | FR |
| dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric) | FL/FR |
| mandarine undecenal | FL/FR |
2- | methyl undecanal (aldehyde C-12 mna) | FL/FR |
3- | methyl-4-hexyl oxybutyraldehyde | FR |
| muguet undecadienal | FR |
| octanal (aldehyde C-8) | FL/FR |
| TMH aldehyde | FR |
| undecanal | FL/FR |
amber |
| cistus ladaniferus resinoid | FL/FR |
anisic |
para- | anisaldehyde | FL/FR |
| estragole | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil egypt | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil america | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil india | FL/FR |
balsamic |
siam | benzoin resinoid | FL/FR |
(E)- | cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl formate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| guaiyl acetate | FL/FR |
| opoponax oil (balsamodendron kafal) | FL/FR |
2- | phenyl propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| terpinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| terpinyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
berry |
| raspberry ketone | FL/FR |
citronella |
4,8- | dimethyl-7-nonen-2-ol | FR |
citrus |
| acetaldehyde citronellyl methyl acetal | FR |
| bergamot acetoacetate | FR |
| bergamot fragrance | FR |
| bergamot oil | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil decolorized | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil folded | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil italy | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil ivory coast | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil replacer | FR |
| bergamot oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil terpeneless replacer | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil turkey | FL/FR |
| bergamot specialty | FR |
beta- | bisabolol | FL/FR |
| citral | FL/FR |
| citral diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| citral dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| citral ethylene glycol acetal | FR |
| citronella oil ceylon | FL/FR |
| citronellal oxime | FR |
| citrus floral green fragrance | FR |
| citrus ocimenol | FR |
| citrus specialty | FR |
| cranberry orange spice fragrance | FR |
| dihydromyrcenol | FL/FR |
| dihydromyrcenyl acetate | FR |
2,4- | dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanyl acetate | FR |
| dodecane nitrile | FR |
2- | dodecanone | FL/FR |
citrus | floral fragrance | FR |
| grapefruit pentanol | FR |
| lemon oil c.p. california | FL/FR |
| lime octadienal | FR |
| lime oil distilled mexico | FL/FR |
(Z)- | linalool oxide (pyranoid) | FL/FR |
| mandarin oil | FL/FR |
| mandarin oil italy | FL/FR |
| methyl heptenone | FL/FR |
3- | methyl-4-(2-methyl butyl oxy) butyraldehyde | FR |
alpha- | methylene citronellal | FR |
| myrcenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| neroli ketone | FR |
| nonanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| orange nitrile | FR |
blood | orange oil italy | FL/FR |
sweet | orange peel oil c.p. brazil | FL/FR |
| petitgrain bergamot oil | FL/FR |
alpha- | terpinyl methyl ether | FL/FR |
2- | tetradecenal | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | tetradecenal | FL/FR |
(±)-2,4,8- | trimethyl-7-nonen-2-ol | FL/FR |
| verbena fragrance | FR |
earthy |
2- | octanone oxime | FR |
| octyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
fatty |
2- | decenal | FL/FR |
(R)-gamma- | octalactone | FL/FR |
floral |
| acetaldehyde dibutyl acetal | FL/FR |
| amyl benzoate | FL/FR |
alpha- | amyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
iso | amyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| amyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| anisyl propanal / methyl anthranilate schiff's base | FR |
| bois de rose oil brazil | FL/FR |
| boronia absolute | FL/FR |
| boronia concrete | FL/FR |
alpha- | butyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| cassie absolute | FL/FR |
| cassis specialty | FR |
| citronellal | FL/FR |
| citronellol | FL/FR |
(S)- | citronellyl acetate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl acetate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl formate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl propionate | FL/FR |
| citrus bergamia risso leaf oil | FR |
| clary propionate | FR |
| coranol (Firmenich) | FR |
| coriander seed oil | FL/FR |
| coriander seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| cumin carbinol | FR |
| cyclamen aldehyde | FL/FR |
| dictamnus hispanicus oil | FR |
| dihydrocarvyl acetate | FL/FR |
| dihydrocitronellyl ethyl ether | FR |
(±)-2,3- | dihydrofarnesol | FL/FR |
| dihydroisojasmonate methyl ester | FR |
| dihydrojasmone | FL/FR |
| dihydrolinalool | FL/FR |
| dimethyl benzyl carbinol | FL/FR |
| dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| dimethyl octanol | FL/FR |
6,8- | dimethyl-2-nonanol | FR |
3,6- | dimethyl-3-octanol | FL/FR |
| epoxylinalyl acetate | |
| ethyl linalool | FR |
| ethyl linalyl acetal | FR |
| ethyl linalyl acetate | FR |
| ethyl linalyl ether | FL/FR |
| ethyl phenoxyacetate | FR |
| farnesol | FL/FR |
| farnesyl acetate | FL/FR |
| floral butanal | FR |
| floral pyranol | FR |
| floral undecenone | FR |
| gardenia absolute | FR |
| gardenia acetal | FR |
| gardenia concrete | FR |
| geraniol | FL/FR |
| geranium oil | FL/FR |
| geranium oil africa | FL/FR |
| geranium oil bourbon | FL/FR |
| geranyl acetone | FL/FR |
| geranyl formate | FL/FR |
| geranyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| geranyl nonanoate | CS |
| geranyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| geranyl propionate | FL/FR |
| heliotropin | FL/FR |
| heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
| heliotropyl diethyl acetal | FR |
(Z)-4- | hepten-2-yl salicylate | FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl salicylate | FL/FR |
alpha- | hexyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| hexyl lactate | FL/FR |
| ho leaf oil | FR |
| ho wood oil | FR |
| hyacinth oil | FR |
| hydrangea fragrance | FR |
| hydroxycitronellal diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| hydroxycitronellal propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| jasmin cyclopentanol | FR |
(Z)- | jasmone | FL/FR |
| jonquil absolute | FR |
| jonquil absolute replacer | FR |
| lilac absolute | FR |
| lily fragrance | FR |
| lily propanol | FR |
dextro- | linalool | FL/FR |
laevo- | linalool | FL/FR |
| linalool | FL/FR |
| linalool oxide | FL/FR |
| linalyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| linalyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| linalyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| linalyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| linalyl propionate | FL/FR |
| lotus fragrance | FR |
| magnolia indene | FR |
(2- | methoxy-1-methyl propyl) benzene | FR |
(3- | methoxy-2-methyl propyl) benzene | FR |
ortho- | methoxybenzyl ethyl ether | FR |
1-(2- | methyl allyl oxy)-2-methyl butane | FR |
| methyl citronellate | FL/FR |
| methyl dihydrojasmonate | FL/FR |
| mimosa absolute | FL/FR |
| mimosa absolute france | FL/FR |
| mimosa absolute india | FL/FR |
| muguet carbinol | FL/FR |
| muguet dienal | FR |
| muguet nitrile | FR |
| nerol | FL/FR |
| neroli oil bigarde | FL/FR |
| neroli oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| neroli oil tunisia | FL/FR |
| nerolidol | FL/FR |
(E)- | nerolidol | FL/FR |
| nerolidyl acetate | FL/FR |
| neryl acetate | FL/FR |
| neryl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| ocean propanal | FL/FR |
(S)- | ocean propanal | |
| ocean propanal / methyl anthranilate schiff's base | FR |
beta- | ocimene | FL/FR |
| orange leaf absolute | FL/FR |
bitter | orangeflower absolute morocco | FL/FR |
bitter | orangeflower absolute tunisia | FL/FR |
| orchid specialty | FR |
| palmarosa oil | FL/FR |
| papaya isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| peony acetonitrile | FR |
| petitgrain absolute morocco | FL/FR |
| petitgrain bergamot oil (citrus bergamia melarosa) | FR |
| petitgrain concrete | FR |
| petitgrain lemon oil | FL/FR |
| petitgrain oil morocco | FL/FR |
| petitgrain oil paraguay | FL/FR |
| phenethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| phenethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| phenethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| phenyl acetaldehyde dicitronellyl acetal | FR |
| phenyl acetaldehyde diisobutyl acetal | FL/FR |
2- | phenyl propionaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal | FR |
| phenyl propyl phenyl acetate | FR |
| rhodinol | FL/FR |
| rhodinyl formate | FL/FR |
| rose absolute (rosa centifolia) | FL/FR |
| rose absolute (rosa centifolia) morocco | FL/FR |
| rose absolute (rosa damascena) bulgaria | FL/FR |
| rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa centifolia) egypt | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) iran | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) turkey | FL/FR |
(Z)- | rose oxide | FL/FR |
laevo- | rose oxide | FL/FR |
| rose pyran | FR |
| styralyl formate | FL/FR |
| sweet pea absolute | FR |
| tagetes erecta flower oleoresin | |
| terpinyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrolinalool | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrolinalyl acetate | FR |
5- | tricyclodecenyl acetate | FR |
(S)-2,5,6- | trimethyl-2-heptanol | |
| undecanal dimethyl acetal | FR |
| verdyl acetate | FR |
| violet methyl carbonate | FR |
| ylang ylang flower oil III | FL/FR |
fresh |
3-(3- | propen-2-yl phenyl) butanal | FR |
fruity |
| allyl cyclohexyl propionate | FL/FR |
| benzyl methyl ether | FL/FR |
| bisabolene | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| cyclohexyl crotonate | FR |
| dimethyl succinate | FL/FR |
2- | ethyl butyl 2-butenoate | |
| ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate | FL/FR |
| green acetate | FR |
| linalyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| methyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
| methyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| nerolidyl isobutyrate | FR |
| ocimen-1-yl acetate | FR |
| peach pivalate | FR |
| phenoxyethyl propionate | FL/FR |
| tropical ionone | FL/FR |
fungal |
| jasmin nonane | FR |
green |
alpha- | allyl-4,6-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanyl acetate | |
iso | amyl 3-(2-furan) propionate | FL/FR |
| biphenyl | |
iso | butyl benzyl carbinol | FL/FR |
2- | butyl-4-methyl-1,3-oxathiane | |
| chrysanthemum oxide | FL/FR |
3,7- | dimethyl-6-octenoic acid | FL/FR |
| earthy acetal | FL/FR |
| ethylene glycol diacetate | |
2- | ethylidene-6-methyl-cis-3-heptenal | |
(Z)-beta- | farnesene | |
| flower hexene | FR |
| galbanum oil | FL/FR |
| green carboxylate | FR |
| green cyclopropionate | FR |
2- | heptyl pyridine | |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl angelate | FR |
| hexen-1-yl oxypropane nitrile | FR |
| hexyl (Z)-tiglate | FL/FR |
| hexyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| hop oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| hyacinth absolute | FL/FR |
2,4- | ivy carbaldehyde | FL/FR |
| ivy dioxolane | FR |
laevo- | linalyl acetate | FL/FR |
dextro- | linalyl acetate | FL/FR |
(2- | methoxy-1-methyl butyl) benzene | FR |
[(4E,4Z)-5- | methoxy-3-methyl-4-penten-1-yl] benzene | FR |
| methyl cyclocitrone (IFF) | FR |
para- | methyl hydratropaldehyde | FL/FR |
| methyl octine carbonate | FL/FR |
4- | methyl-4-phenyl pentanone | FR |
| murraya koenigii leaf oil india | FL/FR |
2- | nonanone oxime | FR |
1-( | octahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5-yl)-propan-2-ol | |
| octanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| octyl oxyacetaldehyde | FR |
| pelargonium graveolens stem leaf extract | FR |
| perilla alcohol | FL/FR |
| phenethyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| phenyl acetaldehyde solution | FL/FR |
| styralyl acetate | FL/FR |
| terpinyl propionate | FL/FR |
hay |
| hay absolute | FR |
herbal |
| anethum graveolens herb oil | FL/FR |
| anethum graveolens herb tincture | FL/FR |
| anthemis nobilis flower oil roman | FL/FR |
| bergamot mint herb oil | FR |
| camphene carbinyl acetate | FR |
| canarium luzonicum oil | FL/FR |
| carrot seed oil (daucus carota ssp. gummifer hook. fil.) spain | FR |
| carrot seed oil (daucus carota ssp. maximus (desf.) ball) | FR |
wild | carrot seed oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| celery ketone | FL/FR |
| chrysanthemum ketone | FR |
| clary octenone | FR |
| clary sage absolute | FL/FR |
| clary sage oil france | FL/FR |
| coriander oleoresin | FL/FR |
| cuminyl acetate | FL/FR |
| daucus carota fruit oil | FL/FR |
| dihexyl (E)-fumarate | FR |
| dihydroterpinyl acetate | FL/FR |
| dill weed oil cuba | FL/FR |
| dill weed oil reunion | FL/FR |
| geranium cyclohexane | FR |
| hop absolute | FL/FR |
| hop oil | FL/FR |
abrialis | lavandin oil | FL/FR |
| lavender absolute bulgaria | FL/FR |
| linalyl acetate | FL/FR |
| linalyl formate | FL/FR |
| linalyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl butyl salicylate | FL/FR |
(1S,5R)- | myrtenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| myrtle oil | FL/FR |
| nopyl acetate | FR |
3- | octyl acetate | FL/FR |
curled | parsley seed oil | FL/FR |
| perilla leaf oil | FL/FR |
| petitgrain heptane | FR |
| petroselinum crispum seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| phenyl acetaldehyde diisoamyl acetal | FR |
| terpineol acetate | FL/FR |
alpha- | terpinyl acetate | FL/FR |
| thyme absolute | FL/FR |
honey |
| butyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
licorice |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil vietnam | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
medicinal |
| kunzea ericoides leaf oil | FR |
melon |
| melon heptenal | FL/FR |
| watermelon ketone | FR |
musty |
ketoiso | phorone | FL/FR |
powdery |
para- | anisyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| dibenzyl ketone | FL/FR |
spicy |
alpha- | amyl cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
iso | butyl angelate | FL/FR |
| cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl propionate | FL/FR |
| clove bud oil | FL/FR |
| cubeb oil | FL/FR |
| cumin seed absolute | FL/FR |
| cuminaldehyde | FL/FR |
black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
iso | cyclogeraniol (IFF) | FR |
| elettaria cardamomum seed oil | FL/FR |
iso | eugenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| gingergrass oil | FR |
2- | octanol | FL/FR |
| pimenta acris leaf oil | FL/FR |
| spicy carbonate | FR |
| turmeric root oil china | FL/FR |
annus | wormwood oil vietnam | FL/FR |
| zanthoxylum piperitum fruit absolute CO2 extract | FL/FR |
sulfurous |
| lychee mercaptan acetate | FL/FR |
tea |
| camellia oleifera leaf extract | FL/FR |
terpenic |
(E,E)-2,6-allo | ocimene | FL/FR |
alpha- | terpineol | FL/FR |
tonka |
| coumarin | FR |
| tonka bean absolute | FR |
vanilla |
| ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia) | FL/FR |
waxy |
| decanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
3- | decanone | FL/FR |
1,8- | octane dinitrile | |
1- | undecanol | FL/FR |
woody |
| dalbergia sissoo leaf oil | FR |
alpha- | farnesene | FL/FR |
alpha- | farnesene isomer | FL/FR |
| patchouli ethanone | FR |
| patchouli oil | FL/FR |
| sandalwood oil | FL/FR |
| santall | FR |
| woody acetate | FR |
|
For Flavor |
|
No flavor group found for these |
| acetaldehyde dibutyl acetal | FL/FR |
alpha- | allyl-4,6-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanyl acetate | |
| amyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| boronia concrete | FL/FR |
2- | butyl-4-methyl-1,3-oxathiane | |
(E)- | cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| cistus ladaniferus resinoid | FL/FR |
| cuminyl acetate | FL/FR |
| decanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
3- | decanone | FL/FR |
| dihydroterpinyl acetate | FL/FR |
| earthy acetal | FL/FR |
| epoxylinalyl acetate | |
2- | ethyl butyl 2-butenoate | |
| ethyl linalyl ether | FL/FR |
| ethylene glycol diacetate | |
2- | ethylidene-6-methyl-cis-3-heptenal | |
(Z)-beta- | farnesene | |
| guaiyl acetate | FL/FR |
2- | heptyl pyridine | |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
| hexyl (Z)-tiglate | FL/FR |
| hyacinth absolute | FL/FR |
| hydroxycitronellal propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
dextro- | linalool | FL/FR |
(Z)- | linalool oxide (pyranoid) | FL/FR |
dextro- | linalyl acetate | FL/FR |
laevo- | linalyl acetate | FL/FR |
| linalyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| methyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl butyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| nerolidyl acetate | FL/FR |
(S)- | ocean propanal | |
(E,E)-2,6-allo | ocimene | FL/FR |
1-( | octahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5-yl)-propan-2-ol | |
(R)-gamma- | octalactone | FL/FR |
1,8- | octane dinitrile | |
| octyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| perilla leaf oil | FL/FR |
| phenyl acetaldehyde solution | FL/FR |
| styralyl formate | FL/FR |
| tagetes erecta flower oleoresin | |
| terpineol acetate | FL/FR |
| terpinyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
2- | tetradecenal | FL/FR |
4,4'- | thiobis-2-butanone | FL |
(S)-2,5,6- | trimethyl-2-heptanol | |
|
iso | amyl 3-(2-furan) propionate | FL/FR |
alpha- | butyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
aldehydic |
iso | butyraldehyde | FL/FR |
| octanal (aldehyde C-8) | FL/FR |
1- | undecanol | FL/FR |
amber |
iso | butyl benzyl carbinol | FL/FR |
anisic |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil egypt | FL/FR |
aromatic |
| amyl salicylate | FL/FR |
balsamic |
siam | benzoin resinoid | FL/FR |
| ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| opoponax oil (balsamodendron kafal) | FL/FR |
berry |
| heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
| raspberry ketone | FL/FR |
bitter |
| dibenzyl ketone | FL/FR |
cherry |
| heliotropin | FL/FR |
citrus |
| bergamot flavor | FL |
| bergamot oil | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil decolorized | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil folded | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil italy | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil ivory coast | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil terpeneless replacer | FL/FR |
| bergamot oil turkey | FL/FR |
| bergamot orange lime flavor | FL |
| bisabolene | FL/FR |
beta- | bisabolol | FL/FR |
| citral | FL/FR |
| citral diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| citral dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| citronella oil ceylon | FL/FR |
| lemon oil c.p. california | FL/FR |
| lime oil distilled mexico | FL/FR |
laevo- | linalool | FL/FR |
| linalool | FL/FR |
| mandarin oil | FL/FR |
| mandarin oil italy | FL/FR |
| myrcenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| nerol | FL/FR |
| neroli oil tunisia | FL/FR |
blood | orange oil italy | FL/FR |
sweet | orange peel oil c.p. brazil | FL/FR |
| petitgrain bergamot oil | FL/FR |
| petitgrain lemon oil | FL/FR |
| petitgrain oil morocco | FL/FR |
ketoiso | phorone | FL/FR |
alpha- | terpineol | FL/FR |
(±)-2,4,8- | trimethyl-7-nonen-2-ol | FL/FR |
creamy |
para- | anisaldehyde | FL/FR |
ethereal |
4- | hexen-3-one | FL |
fatty |
2- | decenal | FL/FR |
| dimethyl octanol | FL/FR |
2- | dodecanone | FL/FR |
floral |
| biphenyl | |
| bois de rose oil brazil | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl propionate | FL/FR |
| citronellal | FL/FR |
| citronellol | FL/FR |
| citronellyl acetate | FL/FR |
(S)- | citronellyl acetate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl propionate | FL/FR |
| dihydrocarvyl acetate | FL/FR |
(±)-2,3- | dihydrofarnesol | FL/FR |
| dihydrojasmone | FL/FR |
| dihydrolinalool | FL/FR |
| dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
3,7- | dimethyl-6-octenoic acid | FL/FR |
| farnesol | FL/FR |
| farnesyl acetate | FL/FR |
| geraniol | FL/FR |
| geranium oil | FL/FR |
| geranium oil africa | FL/FR |
| geranium oil bourbon | FL/FR |
| geranyl acetone | FL/FR |
| geranyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| geranyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
pseudo | ionone | FL |
| linalyl acetate | FL/FR |
| linalyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| linalyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| linalyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| methyl citronellate | FL/FR |
| methyl dihydrojasmonate | FL/FR |
| muguet carbinol | FL/FR |
| neroli oil bigarde | FL/FR |
| neroli oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| neryl acetate | FL/FR |
| ocean propanal | FL/FR |
| orange leaf absolute | FL/FR |
bitter | orangeflower absolute morocco | FL/FR |
bitter | orangeflower absolute tunisia | FL/FR |
| petitgrain absolute morocco | FL/FR |
| phenethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| rhodinol | FL/FR |
| rose absolute (rosa centifolia) | FL/FR |
| rose absolute (rosa centifolia) morocco | FL/FR |
| rose absolute (rosa damascena) bulgaria | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa centifolia) egypt | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) iran | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) turkey | FL/FR |
laevo- | rose oxide | FL/FR |
| terpinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrolinalool | FL/FR |
| tropical ionone | FL/FR |
| ylang ylang flower oil III | FL/FR |
fruity |
| allyl cyclohexyl propionate | FL/FR |
para- | anisyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| benzyl methyl ether | FL/FR |
| boronia absolute | FL/FR |
| citronellyl formate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| dimethyl succinate | FL/FR |
| ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate | FL/FR |
| hexyl lactate | FL/FR |
| linalyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| linalyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| methyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | methyl sorbate | FL |
| neryl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| rhodinyl formate | FL/FR |
| rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| styralyl acetate | FL/FR |
| terpinyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
grassy |
| palmarosa oil | FL/FR |
green |
iso | amyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| anethum graveolens herb tincture | FL/FR |
iso | butyl angelate | FL/FR |
| canarium luzonicum oil | FL/FR |
| celery ketone | FL/FR |
| chrysanthemum oxide | FL/FR |
| cucumber distillates | FL |
| cyclamen aldehyde | FL/FR |
| dihydromyrcenol | FL/FR |
3,4- | dimethoxystyrene | FL |
alpha- | farnesene | FL/FR |
alpha- | farnesene isomer | FL/FR |
| galbanum oil | FL/FR |
| geranyl formate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl salicylate | FL/FR |
| hexyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
2,4- | ivy carbaldehyde | FL/FR |
| linalool oxide | FL/FR |
| melon heptenal | FL/FR |
| methyl 2-undecynoate | FL |
| methyl heptenone | FL/FR |
para- | methyl hydratropaldehyde | FL/FR |
| methyl octine carbonate | FL/FR |
(E)- | nerolidol | FL/FR |
| nerolidol | FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,6- | nonadienal | FL |
| nonanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
beta- | ocimene | FL/FR |
| octanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
3- | octyl acetate | FL/FR |
| papaya isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| phenethyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| phenyl acetaldehyde diisobutyl acetal | FL/FR |
2- | phenyl propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
(Z)- | rose oxide | FL/FR |
| terpinyl propionate | FL/FR |
herbal |
| anethum graveolens herb oil | FL/FR |
| anthemis nobilis flower oil roman | FL/FR |
wild | carrot seed oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| clary sage absolute | FL/FR |
| clary sage oil france | FL/FR |
| coriander oleoresin | FL/FR |
| coriander seed oil | FL/FR |
| coriander seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| daucus carota fruit oil | FL/FR |
| dill weed oil cuba | FL/FR |
| dill weed oil reunion | FL/FR |
3,6- | dimethyl-3-octanol | FL/FR |
| hop absolute | FL/FR |
| hop oil | FL/FR |
abrialis | lavandin oil | FL/FR |
| lavender absolute bulgaria | FL/FR |
| linalyl formate | FL/FR |
| linalyl propionate | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil america | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil india | FL/FR |
curled | parsley seed oil | FL/FR |
| petitgrain oil paraguay | FL/FR |
| petroselinum crispum seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| thyme absolute | FL/FR |
honey |
| butyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| phenethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| phenethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
juicy |
| lychee mercaptan acetate | FL/FR |
licorice |
| estragole | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum herb oil vietnam | FL/FR |
| ocimum basilicum leaf oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
medicinal |
| dimethyl benzyl carbinol | FL/FR |
melon |
| hydroxycitronellal diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
soapy |
| dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric) | FL/FR |
spicy |
alpha- | amyl cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| cassie absolute | FL/FR |
| cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl formate | FL/FR |
| clove bud oil | FL/FR |
| cubeb oil | FL/FR |
| cumin seed absolute | FL/FR |
| cuminaldehyde | FL/FR |
black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
| elettaria cardamomum seed oil | FL/FR |
iso | eugenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| hop oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| murraya koenigii leaf oil india | FL/FR |
| myrtle oil | FL/FR |
2- | octanol | FL/FR |
| pimenta acris leaf oil | FL/FR |
| turmeric root oil china | FL/FR |
annus | wormwood oil vietnam | FL/FR |
| zanthoxylum piperitum fruit absolute CO2 extract | FL/FR |
tea |
| camellia oleifera leaf extract | FL/FR |
tropical |
alpha- | amyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
vanilla |
| ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia) | FL/FR |
waxy |
| decanal (aldehyde C-10) | FL/FR |
| geranyl propionate | FL/FR |
alpha- | hexyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| mandarine undecenal | FL/FR |
2- | methyl undecanal (aldehyde C-12 mna) | FL/FR |
| mimosa absolute | FL/FR |
| mimosa absolute france | FL/FR |
| mimosa absolute india | FL/FR |
| phenoxyethyl propionate | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | tetradecenal | FL/FR |
| undecanal | FL/FR |
woody |
(Z)- | jasmone | FL/FR |
(1S,5R)- | myrtenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| patchouli oil | FL/FR |
| perilla alcohol | FL/FR |
| sandalwood oil | FL/FR |
alpha- | terpinyl acetate | FL/FR |
alpha- | terpinyl methyl ether | FL/FR |
|
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| bergamot B.F oil organic | | bergamot EO-hiXform | | bergamot ess. oil (for fragrance) (Robertet) | | bergamot essential oil BF | | bergamot italy BF essential oil | | bergamot oil bergaptene free italy | | bergamot oil (bergaptene free) italy, calabria organic | | bergamot oil B.F. | | bergamot oil bergaptene free | | bergamot oil bergaptene free FCC | | bergamot oil bergaptene reduced | | bergamot oil bergaptene reduced (citrus aurantium var. bergamia wright et arn.) italy | | bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy | | bergamot oil italian bergaptene free | | bergamot oil psoralen reduced italy | | bergamot oil rectified ivory coast | | bergamot oil, B.F. | | bergamot oil, bergaptene free colorless | | bergamot orange oil bergaptene reduced italy | | bergamote SS bergaptene deco eo | | bergamote SS bergaptene ess select 01 | | citrus aurantium bergamia peel oil psoralen reduced italy | | citrus aurantium var. bergamia peel oil bergaptene reduced italy | | citrus bergamia peel oil psoralen reduced italy | | citrus x bergamia peel oil psoralen reduced italy | | oil bergamot italian rectified, furo coumarin reduced | | volatile oil obtained from the peel of citrus aurantium bergamia, rutaceae, bergaptene reduced |
Articles:
PubMed: | Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application. |
PubMed: | Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) Flavonoids and Their Potential Benefits in Human Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis: an Overview. |
PubMed: | The essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso induces vasorelaxation of the mouse aorta by activating K(+) channels and inhibiting Ca(2+) influx. |
PubMed: | In vitro effect of bergamot (Citrus bergamia) juice against cagA-positive and-negative clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. |
PubMed: | Effects of bergamot ( Citrus bergamia (Risso) Wright & Arn.) essential oil aromatherapy on mood states, parasympathetic nervous system activity, and salivary cortisol levels in 41 healthy females. |
PubMed: | Effect of Citrus bergamia juice on human neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in metastatic xenograft models. |
PubMed: | Ultra high performance liquid chromatography with ion-trap TOF-MS for the fast characterization of flavonoids in Citrus bergamia juice. |
PubMed: | Mechanisms underlying the anti-tumoral effects of Citrus Bergamia juice. |
PubMed: | Citrus bergamia Risso Elevates Intracellular Ca (2+) in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells due to Release of Ca (2+) from Primary Intracellular Stores. |
PubMed: | In vitro activity of Citrus bergamia (bergamot) oil against clinical isolates of dermatophytes. |
PubMed: | Protective effects of an extract from Citrus bergamia against inflammatory injury in interferon-γ and histamine exposed human keratinocytes. |
PubMed: | In vitro antimycoplasmal activity of Citrus bergamia essential oil and its major components. |
PubMed: | Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) fruit extracts and identified components alter expression of interleukin 8 gene in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cell lines. |
PubMed: | Citrus bergamia juice: phytochemical and technological studies. |
PubMed: | Acute effects of bergamot oil on anxiety-related behaviour and corticosterone level in rats. |
PubMed: | Antiviral activity of seed extract from Citrus bergamia towards human retroviruses. |
PubMed: | Selective removal of monoterpenes from bergamot oil by inclusion in deoxycholic acid. |
PubMed: | Proline derivatives in fruits of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poit): presence of N-methyl-L-proline and 4-hydroxy-L-prolinebetaine. |
PubMed: | In vitro photo-induced cytotoxic activity of Citrus bergamia and C. medica L. cv. Diamante peel essential oils and identified active coumarins. |
PubMed: | Action spectrum for bergamot-oil phototoxicity measured by sunburn cell counting. |
PubMed: | Citrus bergamia Risso & Poiteau juice protects against renal injury of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. |
PubMed: | Phototoxic properties of perfumes containing bergamot oil on human skin: photoprotective effect of UVA and UVB sunscreens. |
PubMed: | Implication of limonene and linalyl acetate in cytotoxicity induced by bergamot essential oil in human neuroblastoma cells. |
PubMed: | In vitro photostability and photosensitizing properties of bergamot oil. Effects of a cinnamate sunscreen. |
PubMed: | Bergamot essential oil differentially modulates intracellular Ca2+ levels in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells: a new finding seen with fura-2. |
PubMed: | Phototumorigenesis studies of 5-methoxypsoralen in bergamot oil: evaluation and modification of risk of human use in an albino mouse skin model. |
PubMed: | [Phototoxicity of Bergamot oil. Comparison between humans and guinea pigs]. |
PubMed: | Statin-like principles of bergamot fruit (Citrus bergamia): isolation of 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl flavonoid glycosides. |
PubMed: | Effects of rootstock on the composition of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) essential oil. |
PubMed: | Phototoxicity of bergamot oil assessed by in vitro techniques in combination with human patch tests. |
PubMed: | Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) fruit extracts as γ-globin gene expression inducers: phytochemical and functional perspectives. |
PubMed: | High quality bergamot oil from Greece: Chemical analysis using chiral gas chromatography and larvicidal activity against the West Nile virus vector. |
PubMed: | [Toxic mustard plaster dematitis and phototoxic dematitis after application of bergamot oil]. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of phototoxic and photogenotoxic risk associated with the use of photosensitizers in suntan preparations: application to tanning preparations containing bergamot oil. |
PubMed: | Genotoxicity of bergapten and bergamot oil in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
PubMed: | Pectin methylesterase in Citrus bergamia R.: purification, biochemical characterisation and sequence of the exon related to the enzyme active site. |
PubMed: | Comparison of the volatile constituents in cold-pressed bergamot oil and a volatile oil isolated by vacuum distillation. |
PubMed: | The photochemistry and photobiology of bergamot oil as a perfume ingredient: an overview. |
PubMed: | Local sensitization of the skin to Grenz rays by bergamot oil. |
PubMed: | The protective effect of bergamot oil extract on lecitine-like oxyLDL receptor-1 expression in balloon injury-related neointima formation. |
PubMed: | Combination of supercritical CO2 and vacuum distillation for the fractionation of bergamot oil. |
PubMed: | Toxic profile of bergamot essential oil on survival and proliferation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. |
PubMed: | Hypolipidemic effects of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau juice in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. |
PubMed: | Distribution of flavonoids and furocoumarins in juices from cultivars of Citrus bergamia Risso. |
PubMed: | Chemical and biological diversity of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) in relation to environmental factors. |
PubMed: | A study of oil of bergamot and its importance as a phototoxic agent. II. Factors which affect the phototoxic reaction induced by bergamot oil and psoralen derivatives. |
PubMed: | Study of the extraction procedure by experimental design and validation of a LC method for determination of flavonoids in Citrus bergamia juice. |
PubMed: | [Contact dermatitis caused by bergamot oil]. |
PubMed: | Effects of bergamot essential oil and its extractive fractions on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell growth. |
PubMed: | Characterization of flavonoids and pectins from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel, a major byproduct of essential oil extraction. |
PubMed: | [Chemical composition of the endocarpus of the fruit of bergamot (Citrus bergamia, Risso)]. |
PubMed: | [The zinc oxide and bergamot oil gingival dressing and rationale of its preparation]. |
PubMed: | [EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GINGIVAL DRESSING WITH BERGAMOT OIL]. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of flavonoids and furanocoumarins from Citrus bergamia (Bergamot) juice and identification of new compounds. |
PubMed: | Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids extracted from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel, a byproduct of the essential oil industry. |
PubMed: | Enzymatic hydrolysis of flavonoids and pectic oligosaccharides from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel. |
PubMed: | Flavonoid glycosides in bergamot juice (Citrus bergamia Risso). |
PubMed: | Rodenticidal activity of two natural coumarines from ether extract of Citrus bergamia. |
PubMed: | [Accidents due to tanning cosmetics with a base of bergamot oil]. |
PubMed: | [Simplified method of preparation of the zinc oxide-bergamot oil gingival dressing]. |
PubMed: | The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of bergamot juice extract (BJe) in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease. |
PubMed: | Linalool Affects the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Essential Oils. |
PubMed: | In Vitro Activity of Twenty Commercially Available, Plant-Derived Essential Oils against Selected Dermatophyte Species. |
PubMed: | A Systematic Review of the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Essential Oils in Animal Models. |
PubMed: | TELOMERE AND TELOMERASE MODULATION BY BERGAMOT POLYPHENOLIC FRACTION IN EXPERIMENTAL PHOTOAGEING IN HUMAN KERATINOCYTES. |
PubMed: | Eriocitrin and Apigenin as New Carbonic Anhydrase VA Inhibitors from a Virtual Screening of Calabrian Natural Products. |
PubMed: | Fungal decay and shelf life of oranges coated with chitosan and bergamot, thyme, and tea tree essential oils. |
PubMed: | The use of aromasticks at a cancer centre: a retrospective audit. |
PubMed: | The essential oil of bergamot stimulates reactive oxygen species production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. |
PubMed: | Antibacterial activity of essential oils, their blends and mixtures of their main constituents against some strains supporting livestock mastitis. |
PubMed: | Flavonoid fraction of Bergamot juice reduces LPS-induced inflammatory response through SIRT1-mediated NF-κB inhibition in THP-1 monocytes. |
PubMed: | Bergamot juice extract inhibits proliferation by inducing apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. |
PubMed: | Magnetically recoverable, thermostable, hydrophobic DNA/silica encapsulates and their application as invisible oil tags. |
PubMed: | Role of D-Limonene in autophagy induced by bergamot essential oil in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. |
PubMed: | Anticancer activity of liposomal bergamot essential oil (BEO) on human neuroblastoma cells. |
PubMed: | Peripherally injected linalool and bergamot essential oil attenuate mechanical allodynia via inhibiting spinal ERK phosphorylation. |
PubMed: | The anti-biofilm activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) essential oils against five strains of Staphylococcus aureus. |
PubMed: | N-methylated tryptamine derivatives in citrus genus plants: identification of N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine in bergamot. |
PubMed: | Inhibitory effect of essential oils against Trichosporon ovoides causing Piedra Hair Infection. |
PubMed: | Effects of systemic administration of the essential oil of bergamot (BEO) on gross behaviour and EEG power spectra recorded from the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. |
PubMed: | The mechanism of action of a citrus oil blend against Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. |
PubMed: | Prevention of Glutamate Accumulation and Upregulation of Phospho-Akt may Account for Neuroprotection Afforded by Bergamot Essential Oil against Brain Injury Induced by Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rat. |
PubMed: | Inhalation aromatherapy in children and adolescents undergoing stem cell infusion: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. |
PubMed: | Intraplantar injection of bergamot essential oil into the mouse hindpaw: effects on capsaicin-induced nociceptive behaviors. |
PubMed: | Occurrence of pipecolic acid and pipecolic acid betaine (homostachydrine) in Citrus genus plants. |
PubMed: | [Analysis of 14 elements for Jinhua bergamot by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and elemental analyser]. |
PubMed: | Cell signaling pathways in the mechanisms of neuroprotection afforded by bergamot essential oil against NMDA-induced cell death in vitro. |
PubMed: | The effect of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components on the survival of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in food systems. |
PubMed: | Betaines in fruits of Citrus genus plants. |
PubMed: | Aroma-therapeutic effects of massage blended essential oils on humans. |
PubMed: | Antioxidant/lipoxygenase inhibitory activities and chemical compositions of selected essential oils. |
PubMed: | Update of the toxicological assessment of furanocoumarins in foodstuffs (Update of the SKLM statement of 23/24 September 2004)--Opinion of the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG). |
PubMed: | Intraplantar injection of bergamot essential oil induces peripheral antinociception mediated by opioid mechanism. |
PubMed: | UVB phototherapeutic modalities. Comparison of two treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis. |
PubMed: | Neuropharmacology of the essential oil of bergamot. |
PubMed: | Effects of music and essential oil inhalation on cardiac autonomic balance in healthy individuals. |
PubMed: | [Not Available]. |
PubMed: | In vitro protective effects of two extracts from bergamot peels on human endothelial cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
PubMed: | New asymmetrical per-substituted cyclodextrins (2-O-methyl-3-O-ethyl- and 2-O-ethyl-3-O-methyl-6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-beta-derivatives) as chiral selectors for enantioselective gas chromatography in the flavour and fragrance field. |
PubMed: | [Purely natural: phototoxic dermatitis]. |
PubMed: | Assessment of the phototoxic hazard of some essential oils using modified 3T3 neutral red uptake assay. |
PubMed: | In vitro activity of bergamot natural essence and furocoumarin-free and distilled extracts, and their associations with boric acid, against clinical yeast isolates. |
PubMed: | Inhibition of bergaptene toxicity by UV-A filters. |
PubMed: | Determination of 5-methoxypsoralen in human serum. |
PubMed: | [The effects of aromatherapy on stress and stress responses in adolescents]. |
PubMed: | In vitro inhibition of vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis in the presence of citrus essential oils. |
PubMed: | Estimating bergamot juice adulteration of lemon juice by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of flavanone glycosides. |
PubMed: | Further insights into the floral character of Touriga Nacional wines. |
PubMed: | Phytophotodermatitis. |
PubMed: | The survival of three strains of Arcobacter butzleri in the presence of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components in vitro and on food. |
PubMed: | Inhalation aromatherapy during radiotherapy: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial. |
PubMed: | Analysis of limette and bergamot distilled essential oils by HPLC. |
PubMed: | Dangers of the intake of psoralens and subsequent UV exposure producing significant burns. |
PubMed: | Quantitative assessment of epidermal melanogenesis in C3H/Tif hr/hr mice treated with topical furocoumarins and UVA radiation. |
PubMed: | High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of citropten and bergapten in suction blister fluid after solar product application in humans. |
PubMed: | [Vitamin content of bergamot]. |
PubMed: | Mosquito larvicidal activity of aromatic medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens. |
PubMed: | Toxic effects of six plant oils alone and in combination with controlled atmosphere on Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). |
PubMed: | Studies on the genotoxic properties of essential oils with Bacillus subtilis rec-assay and Salmonella/microsome reversion assay. |
PubMed: | [Effects of aroma hand massage on pain, state anxiety and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer]. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of phototoxic properties of fragrances. |
PubMed: | [The effects of the inhalation method using essential oils on blood pressure and stress responses of clients with essential hypertension]. |
PubMed: | The essential oil of bergamot enhances the levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of rat: implication of monoterpene hydrocarbons. |
PubMed: | High-throughput analysis of bergamot essential oil by fast solid-phase microextraction-capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. |
PubMed: | Determination of some heavy metals and selenium in Sicilian and Calabrian citrus essential oils using derivative stripping chronopotentiometry. |
PubMed: | Pesticide and plasticizer residues in bergamot essential oils from Calabria (Italy). |
PubMed: | Earl Grey, in excess. |
PubMed: | Accidental bullous phototoxic reactions to bergamot aromatherapy oil. |
PubMed: | How big is a drop? A volumetric assay of essential oils. |
PubMed: | Photoreactivity of 5-geranoxypsoralen and lack of photoreaction with DNA. |
PubMed: | Citropten and bergapten suction blister fluid concentrations after solar product application in man. |
PubMed: | A quantitative in vitro assay for the evaluation of phototoxic potential of topically applied materials. |
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